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i Vorwort des Hera usgebers
Die von Prof. Dr. Martin Zillinger betreute Arbeit von Anna Krämer beschäftigt sich mit einem dynamischen Feld religiöser Praxis, das eine global wachsende Anhängerschaft verzeichnet, in einer transnationalen Verflechtungsgeschichte fortlaufend hervorgebracht wird und in Indien einen wichtigen Sektor des internationalen Tourismus ausmacht. Diese hinduistisch gerahmte, im globalen Norden neu gefasste und in Indien re-lokalisierte Praxis wird weltweit unter dem Begriff der Spiritualität geführt.
Der Begriff steht nicht nur im Zentrum der Praktiken und Reden der Akteure selbst, sondern wird auch im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs als Gegenbegriff zum historisch und dogmatisch aufgeladenen Begriff der Religion verwendet und unterstreicht die Möglichkeit einer individuell-evidenzbasierten Erfahrung. Anschaulich wird diskutiert und theoretisiert, wie diese „nicht-beschreibbare“ Erfahrung, Formen des Lehrens und Lernens und die Körpertechniken der Anhängerschaft eines „Gurus“ zusammenhängen.
Hierfür wird das Konzept der Liminalität aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt. Obgleich dieser Begriff als gut etabliert gelten kann, ist weder das heuristische noch das theoretische Potential dieser Theoriedebatte ausgeschöpft, wie nicht zuletzt in dieser Masterarbeit deutlich wird. Innovativ diskutiert die Verfasserin Liminalität als Praxis und Methode - d.h. als Verlaufsform und Prozess, wie von Victor Turner beschrieben, aber eben auch als Methode, die erlernt, umgesetzt und nachverfolgt werden kann. Hier operiert die Autorin überzeugend mit dem Begriff der accountability von Harold Garfinkel. Sich spirituell accountable, d.h. ausweisbar zu machen, wird sehr schön an den gestaffelten Formen der Initiation herausgearbeitet. Dafür führt die Autorin das Konzept der communities of spiritual practice ein. Lernen ist, wie sie in Anlehnung an Jean Lave schreibt „a form of evolving membership“ und Teil der Vollzugswirklichkeit sozialer Praxis. Hier wird Liminalität zur Methode - zu einem Zeigen, Lehren und Lernen spiritueller Hingabe. Es geht um die Wiederholbarkeit, d.h. die Möglichkeit zur geübten Evozierung transformativer Spiritualität, die durch transnational mobile Akteure verhandelt und legitimiert werden und dabei ebenso transnational hervorgebrachte Vorstellungen von Authentizität und Gesetzmäßigkeiten pflegen. Die Arbeit stellt zweifellos einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Erforschung lokal situierter und zugleich global vernetzter religiöser Bewegungen in der Gegenwart dar.
Michael J. Casimir
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