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Plastics as a systemic risk of

social-ecological supply systems

Dr. Johanna Kramm & Dr. Carolin Völker

ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Frankfurt am Main

European Conference on Plastics in Freshwater Environments

Berlin, 21-22 June 2016

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Junior research group “PlastX“

Systemic approach

 Systemic research approach: Holistic view of the “plastic system“

Problem: „Plastics in the environment“

Social-ecological risk perspective Environmental effects

and entry routes

NATURE SOCIETY

Production patterns

and everyday use of

plastics

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Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Social-ecological definition (Renn & Keil 2008)

Systemic risks are…

…side effects of normal system operation

…affect various systems

…complex

…uncertain regarding causal connections

…characterized by ambiguous perceptions

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Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Ecotoxicological risk

Human toxicological risk

(5)

Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Risk communication Ecotoxicological risk

Human toxicological risk

Plastic particles contaminate food

Microplastics in mineral water and beer

02.06.2014

17.11.2013

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Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Risk communication Risk evaluation

Statement:

• No particles detected in food

• But lack of methods to assess the phenomenon comprehensively

Ecotoxicological risk

Human toxicological risk

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Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Risk communication Risk evaluation Risk perception

Ecotoxicological risk

Human toxicological risk BfR Consumer Monitor, 02/2016

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Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Ecotoxicological risk Human toxicological risk

Risk communication Risk evaluation Risk perception

Reputational risk?

Unilever's position

“We decided to phase-out plastic scrub beads from personal care products […]”

Risk prevention

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Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Ecotoxicological risk Human toxicological risk

Risk communication Risk evaluation Risk perception

Reputational risk?

Risk prevention

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Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Characteristics:

Multiple actors with different perspectives, understanding and perception of risks

Interconnected risks: Risk amplification, production of new risks, influence on decision-makers

Task for science:

 Take a holistic view of the system in order to

 Structure and evaluate hints and facts

 Identify actors and their specific role (risk producers/risk bearers)

 Develop solution strategies

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Social-ecological, systemic risk perspective (Keil et al. 2008)

Conceptual approach: “Systemic risks“

Plastics in the environment

Supply system

e.g. food

NATURE SOCIETY

Possible risk

Unintended side effect

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Research areas

MATERIALS RAW PROCESSING

DISPOSAL

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Research areas

MATERIALS RAW PROCESSING

DISPOSAL How do we cope

with plastic waste in the environment?

Microplastics

Microplastics in rivers

 Effects of microplastics in freshwater environments

 Evaluation of ecotoxicological risks

 Development of a concept for

ecotoxicological risk assessment

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Research areas

MATERIALS RAW PROCESSING

DISPOSAL How do we cope

with plastic waste in the environment?

Microplastics

Marine Litter

Plastics in the marine environment

 Analysis of management strategies against marine litter

 Research on regional and global scale

 Development of best practices for

handling of risk

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Research areas

MATERIALS RAW PROCESSING

DISPOSAL How do we cope

with plastic waste in the environment?

Microplastics

Marine Litter

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Research areas

MATERIALS RAW PROCESSING

DISPOSAL

What can be done to reduce plastic usage?

How do we cope with plastic

waste in the environment?

Microplastics

Marine Litter

Consumption

Sustainable consumption

 Reduction of packaging in the food sector

 Analysis of consumption practices and lifestyle-specific importance

 Analysis of practices, marketing and

sustainability strategies of producers

and retailers

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Research areas

MATERIALS RAW PROCESSING

DISPOSAL

What can be done to reduce plastic usage?

How do we cope with plastic

waste in the environment?

Microplastics

Marine Litter

Consumption Can we replace

conventional plastics with sustainable

materials?

Bioplastics

Sustainable biopolymers

 Biodegradable plastics for packaging based on non-fossil resources

 Evaluation of necessary chemical characteristics

 Evaluation of degradability

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Research areas

MATERIALS RAW PROCESSING

DISPOSAL

What can be done to reduce plastic usage?

How do we cope with plastic

waste in the environment?

Microplastics

Marine Litter

Consumption Can we replace

conventional plastics with sustainable

materials?

Bioplastics

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Integrative part: “Shared risks”

Plastics in the environment

Motivation for

cooperative action Financial risk

Health risk

Ecological risk Reputational risk

Regulatory risk

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Junior research group “PlastX“

Interdisciplinary team

biology | chemistry | human geography | sociology Duration

04/2016 – 03/2021 Funding programme

„Research for sustainable development (FONA)“

„Junior research groups in social-ecological research“

PlastX

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Conclusion

 Transdisciplinary research approach

 Integrative, holistic view

 Interdisciplinary team

 Involvement of societal actors

 Contribution to societal as well as scientific issues related to plastics

 Comprehensive understanding of the associated risks

 Practical solutions to manage, reduce, and substitute plastics

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