4. ZUSAMMENFASSENDE DISKUSSION
4.4. Schlussbetrachtung und Ausblick
4. Diskussion
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konstant blieb (siehe T-RFLP-Analyse Ergebnisse 3.1. und 3.2.), und deren Wachstum zusammen mit der Methanogenese an die Temperatur gekoppelt war (siehe Real Time PCR Ergebnisse 3.1.). Eine stenothermale Gemeinschaft steht demnach bei erhöhten Temperaturen unter Stress, produziert aber aufgrund des stärkeren Zellwachstums mehr CH4. Feller and Gerday zeigen, dass psychrophile Enzyme bei niedrigen und moderaten Temperaturen (20-30°C) bis zu zehnmal aktiver sind als ihre mesophilen Homologe. Diese hohe Aktivität kompensiert die durch niedrige Temperaturen induzierte Inhibierung der Reaktionsrate (Feller and Gerday, 2003). Der Kurvenverlauf in Abbildung 4.3.1 könnte damit die Kinetik psychrophiler Enzyme wiederspiegeln.
4. Diskussion
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zu können, sollen zum einen Anreicherungs-, Co- und Reinkulturen gewonnen werden.
Zum anderen kann das Stable Isotope Probing (SIP), bei dem über den Einbau 13 C-markierter Substrate in die DNA die beteiligten Mikroorganismen nachgewiesen werden können (Manefield et al., 2002), zum Einsatz kommen.
In den Abschnitten 3.1. und 3.2. wurde diskutiert, dass die Methanogenese nicht nur direkt von der Temperatur, sondern auch indirekt über die höhere Verfügbarkeit methanogener Vorstufen stimuliert wird. Der Raten limitierende Schritt des anaeroben Abbaus wird von extrazellulären Enzymen katalysiert, die von Bakterien produziert werden. Als Hauptverursacher der Torfakkumulation in Mooren wird aber nicht die tiefe Temperatur, die geringe Nährstoffverfügbarkeit oder der niedrige pH angesehen, sondern die Inaktivität der Phenole abbauenden Phenoloxidase (Freeman et al., 2001). Unter aneroben Bedingungen ist die Phenoloxidase inaktiv. Im Rahmen der globalen Erwärmung kann es aber zeitweise zu niedrigen Wasserständen in sonst gefluteten Mooren kommen. Der Kontakt mit O2 stimuliert die Phenoloxidasen und kann dann zum Abbau der Phenole führen, die unter anaeroben Bedingungen die Aktivität von Torf abbauenden Hydrolasen hemmen (Freeman et al., 2001). Unter microaerophilen Bedingungen stimuliert auch Fe(II) die Aktivität von Phenoloxidasen (van Bodegom et al., 2005). Das zeigt, wie wichtig Untersuchungen auch an der oxisch-anoxischen Übergangszone in Mooren von sind.
Außerdem hat auch der pH einen Einfluss auf die Aktivität der Phenoloxidase (Pind et al., 1994). Um die regulierenden Faktoren vollständig erfassen zu können, ist es essentiell, in Zukunft die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Parameter auf die Enzymaktivititäten zu untersuchen.
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Lebenslauf
Martina Metje, geboren am 9. Januar 1977 in Bad Gandersheim Schulbildung:
1983 – 1987: Grundschule Bad Gandersheim 1987 – 1989: Orientierungsstufe Bad Gandersheim 1989 – 1996: Roswitha-Gymnasium Bad Gandersheim April 1996: Abitur
Hochschulstudium:
1996 – 1998: Studium der Kunstgeschichte an der Philipps-Universität Marburg 1998 – 2003: Studium der Biologe am Fachbereich Biologie
der Philipps-Universität Marburg August 2003: Biologie Diplom
(Prüfungsfächer: Mikrobiologie, Genetik, Biochemie, Virologie) Diplomarbeit in der Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Dr. Peter Frenzel in der Abteilung Biogeochemie am Max-Planck-Institut für Terrestrische Mikrobiologie in Marburg: „Methanogenese und methanogene Archaea in subarktischen Torfen“
Promotion:
Seit Januar 2004: Doktorarbeit bei Prof. Dr. Peter Frenzel am Max-Planck-Institut für Terrestrische Mikrobiologie in Marburg und Mitglied der International Max Planck Research School
Promotionsstudium am Fachbereich Biologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg
Januar 2004 – Dezember 2007