Relationship between numbers of Goura victoria caught by the hunters in each study site with the variables of hunting practice

Two non-parametric statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test) were performed to determine the relationship between numbers of Goura captured and several hunting variables (followed the structure from Aiyadurai et al, 2011). Hunting variables in these analyses include hunting distance, hunting group size, hunting frequency, frequency of Goura meat consumption, and numbers of hunting using air gun and using dogs. Both analyses were carried out and performed separately for each study site.

The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was no relationship between numbers of Goura captured with six variables of hunting practices in Buare (table 4.9). This test obtained the value of P test >P0.05, and produced the similar result as from Mann-Whitney U-test.

50

The results from Supiori were slightly different than that from Buare. Two hunting variables showed relationship with the numbers of Goura captured in Supiori (table 4.10). Statistically, the frequency of consumption on Goura meat and frequency of hunting using air gun showed significant relationships with the number of Goura captured (χ²=0.012 P<0.05, χ²=0.000P<0.05), respectively (table 4.10). However, the Z test only showed the significant relationship between frequencies of hunting using air gun with the number of Goura captured (Z=0.000 P<0.05).

Notes: ns: no significant (χ²test>χ²α0.05),(Ztest>Zα0.05), and*:significant (Ptest<Pα0.05);

blue box: the variable cannot be analyzed with the statistics test-SPSS 17

The results from Unurumguay are similar to those from Buare. The statistical test showed no relationship between all variables tested with the number of Goura captured (table 4.11).

51 be analyzed with the statistics test-SPSS 17

Results from Bonggo were found different than those in other study sites (table 4.12). In Bonggo, the size of hunting group and hunting practice using air gun have significant relationship with the number of Goura captured.

Table 4.12 The relationship between the number of G.victoria captured and six box: the variable cannot be analyzed with the statistics test-SPSS 17

The results from all study sites showed that hunting practice using air gun, the frequency of meat consumption and the size of hunting group may affect the population of G.victoria. The other variables including the distance of hunting area, the level of hunting frequency and the practice of hunting using dogs, have apparently no significant effect to the bird’s population in all study sites (table 4.9, table 4.10, table 4.11and table 4.12).

A multiple linier regression analysis was carried out to figure out which hunting variables can mostly influence the number of Goura captured in each study site (table 4.13, table 4.14). The results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis showed that some hunting factors have significant influences on the number of Goura captured in Supiori and Bonggo.

52 Table 4.13 The result of analysis of variance test on regression analysis between

five hunting variables (**) and the number of G.victoria captured in each study site.

Study site

Result of ANOVA on multiple regression analysis

F test Result Conclusion P test Result Conclusion Buare 1.406 Ftest>F(2,5)α0.05 ns 0.328 Ptest>Pα0.05 ns Supiori 6.775 Ftest<F(5,26)α0.05 * 0.000 Ptest<P_α0.05 * Unurumguay 0.374 F_test>F(4,28)α0.05 ns 0.825 P_test>P_α0.05 ns Bonggo 10.262 F_test>F(4,73)α0.05 * 0.000 P_test<P_α0.05 * Notes: ns: no significant; *: significant, ** five hunting variables are: Distance when hunting (x1), hunting group size (x2), using air-gun (x3), using dogs (x4) and frequency of G.victoria meat consumption (x5).

Furthermore, table 4.14 showed that most hunting variables have no significant effect on the number of Goura captured in each study site. However, the variable of hunting using air gun can be considered as the most factor influencing the number of Goura captured in Supiori and Bonggo.

Table 4.14 The result of multiple linear regression between the numbers of G.victoria captured and five hunting variables in each study site.

Variables of Multi Linier Regression Study site

Buare Supiori Unurumguay Bonggo

Constants (C) -0,2 3,46 1,56 1,76

Distance when hunting (X1) -0,01 -0,02 0,15

Hunting group size (X2) 0,6 0,21 0,08 0,05

Using air-gun (X3) -1,28* -0,37 -1,04*

Using dogs (X4) -3,2E-17 -0,24 -0,21 0,38

Frequency of G.victoria meat consumption (X5) -0,36

R² 0.36 0.57 0.05 0.36

Notes: *: significant (P test<Pα 0.05), blue box: the variable cannot be analyzed with the statistics test-SPSS 17

The results from regression analysis showed that hunters in Buare caught the least number of G.victoria, but this is not statistically significant compared with the hunters in other study sites (R² = 0.36, see in table 4.14). This value was confirmed that the correlation between variables can be classified as modest correlation. Supported by the value of variables hunting group size and hunting using dogs, these variables are only influential altogether for the level of 36% on the number of Goura captured, while the 64% was likely affected by other factors.

The results from Buare were slightly different from those found in Supiori, where all tested variables were almost close to the zero value. Statistically, only variable of hunting using air gun showed significant effect on the number of

53 Goura captured. The hunters in Supiori site caught the most birds among all study sites (approximately 3.46 individuals). This significant result means that the increase of hunting practices using air gun may increase the number of captured bird (F = 6.775, P<0.05, see table 4.13).

The results from Unurumguay were different than those from other study sites. It showed that the number of Goura captured was affected simultaneously by all variables except the frequency of consumption on G.victoria’s meat (F=

0.825, P>0.05). The multiple linier regression analysis (table 4.14) showed the weak correlation between Buare, Supiori and Bonggo area (R²= 0.36, 0.57 and 0.36), respectively. It means that hunting success on G.victoria also influenced by other factors than hunting variables tested. Compared with other study sites, the hunters in Supiori and Bonggo can be classified as active hunters (F= 6.775, P<0.05 and F= 10.262 P<0.05), see also table 4.13, because the number of Goura captured increased significantly by the raise of hunting using air gun.

4.3.8. Estimation of hunting sustainability and impact of harvesting on Goura