of .Massachusetts,.where.LNG.tankers.and.ol.
product.tankers.dock.and.unload.fuel.near.res-dental.areas..The.exploson.that.would.result.f . a.LNG.shp.s.attacked.would.be.dsastrous.and.
could.kll.thousands.n.ts.path,.accordng.to.a.
study.on.the.vulnerablty.of .Tractabel’s.Everett.
Boston.faclty..16.Authortes.closed.Boston.to.
LNG.mports.mmedately.followng.September.
11,.2001,.and.LNG.tankers.bound.for.the.
Massachusetts.port.stll.requre.U.S..Coast.
Guard.escorts.whle.200.mles.at.sea.17
The.future.locatng.of .LNG.facltes.n.
Boston.and.other.areas.s.stll.a.concern.for.
local.resdents.and.state.and.local.poltcans..
In.a.letter.to.the.Federal.Energy.Regulatory.
Commsson.opposng.an.LNG.faclty.planned.
near.the.cty.of .Fall.Rver,.then-Governor.
Mtt.Romney.of .Massachusetts.explaned.that,.
“There.s.smply.no.way.that.(t).makes.sense.to.
ste.an.LNG.faclty.n.ths.locaton.n.the.post.
9/11.world.”18.
In.order.to.address.these.securty.ssues.
and.stop.a.small.boat.attack,.Foster-Miller, a QinetiQ.company,.has.proposed.development.
of .an.advanced.Boat.Trap.system.19.Accordng.
to.ther.webste,.Boat.Trap.s.a.non-lethal,.balls-tc.net.that.s.deployed.from.a.helcopter.at.hgh.
speed.to.ensnare.the.propellers.of .a.targeted.
speedboat,.whch.would.cause.the.craft.to.stop.
everywhere,.ZOCA.partnered.wth.Iridium Satellite.system.to.montor.shppng.contaners.
remotely.to.further.reduce.the.threat.13
General Electric Global Research.has.also.
been.nvestng.tme.and.money.nto.the.area.of . port.securty.research.14.Ther.frst.generaton.
cargo.securty.technology.ncludes.a.contaner.
safety.of .our.commercal.traffc,.there.s.stll.
concern.that.the.contaner.walls.can.be.breached.
nteror.of .the.contaner,.whch.would.alert.the.
manufacturers.and.customs.offcals.f .someone.
has.entered.the.contaner.through.the.doors.or.
through.the.walls..In.addton,.General.Electrc.
VerWse.technology.uses.a.mult-sensor.network.
to.track.the.cargo.and.report.on.envronmental.
condtons.of .the.cargo,.such.as.temperature..
Ths.technology.could.be.moved.nsde.of .the.
cargo.contaner.at.the.begnnng.of .ts.delvery..
protecting Ships
Cargo.shps.are.not.mmune.from.attacks.ether..
The.USS.Cole.was.attacked.n.2000.by.a.small.
boat.carryng.explosves..In.2002,.the.Lmburg.
ol.tanker.was.attacked.by.a.small.boat.flled.wth.
explosves,.whch.klled.one.crew.member.and.
sent.more.than.90,000.barrels.of .ol.nto.the.
Gulf .of .Aden.15.Concerns.over.attacks.on.the.
shppng.ndustry.were.understandably.elevated.
after.September.11,.2001..
Small.boat.attacks.on.Lqud.Natural.Gas.
(LNG).shps.are.a.partcular.concern.for.the.state.
ACCORDING TO A STUDY CONDUCTED BY
MARTIN ASSOCIATES, UNITED STATES
DEEP-DRAFT SEAPORTS AND SEAPORT-RELATED
BUSINESSES GENERATED APPROXIMATELY
8.4 MILLION AMERICAN JOBS AND ADDED
NEARLY $2 TRILLION TO THE ECONOMY.
tecton.for.ports,.the.new.system.could.also.be.
used.by.the.Coast.Guard.for.drug.nterdctons.
Shps.can.also.be.targeted.underwater.by.
ndvduals.or.wth.explosve.devces..The.
Underwater.Port.Securty.System.(UPSS).s.
a.combnaton.of .an.Underwater.Inspecton.
System.and.an.Integrated.Ant-Swmmer.
System..The.UPSS.s.a.portable.devce.that.
can.be.used.wth.any.shp..The.Underwater.
Inspecton.system.uses.dvers.or.a.remote.
devce.that.can.be.used.when.condtons.are.
dangerous.to.look.for.any.evdence.of .tamper-ng.wth.the.hull.of .the.shp.or.devces.under.
the.pers..
The.Integrated.Ant-Swmmer.system.uses.
hgh-frequency.sonar.mages.to.detect.that.t.s.
ndeed.a.swmmer.and.not.some.sort.of .marne.
mammal.or.another.object..The.Coast.Guard.
has.also.tested.ths.system.wth.swmmers.to.
try.to.fool.t..Accordng.to.Petty.Offcer.2nd.
Class.Jachob.Smth,.“We’ve.had.the.dvers.go.at.
the.system.at.all.speeds.and.from.all.angles,.and.
t.detects.them.every.tme.”
This Fido Needs No Bone
The.Support Anti-Terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002.(SAFETY).was.enacted.
by.Congress.to.encourage.the.development.and.
deployment.of .new.and.nnovatve.ant-terror-sm.products.and.servces.by.provdng.lablty.
protectons..The.law.affords.sgnfcant.legal.
lablty.protectons.for.provders.of .Qualfed.
Ant-Terrorsm.Technologes,.whch.covers.
both.products.and.servces..Ths.desgnaton.
has.encouraged.the.development.and.operaton.
of .ant-terrorsm.technologes.that.otherwse.
mght.be.delayed.or.abandoned.because.of . lablty.concerns.
The.Fdo.unt,.created.by.a.Washngton.D.C..
based.company, ICx,.s.one.of .the.products.
wth.the.SAFETY.Act.preferred.status.desg-naton..Fdo.s.a.bomb.snffng.devce.that.s.
handheld.or.can.be.mounted.on.a.vehcle.or.
robot..The.applcatons.are.wdespread..The.
Transportaton.Securty.Admnstraton.(TSA).
began.plot-testng.the.unts.to.screen.sealed.
lqud.bottles,.and.the.Dstrct.of .Columba.
Department.of .Park.and.Recreaton.used.them.
to.scan.the.Natonal.Mall.for.explosves.
Accordng.to.ICx’s.webste,.“Fdo.explosves.
detectors.utlze.propretary.amplfyng.fluores-cence.polymers.(AFP).to.detect.trace.levels.of . explosve.materals.n.parts.per.quadrllon.(ppq)..
Ths.level.of .detecton.s.comparable.to.that.of . hghly.traned.explosves.detecton.cannes,.the.
gold.standard.n.explosves.detecton.technolo-gy..Unlke.the.alternatve,.the.exquste.senstvty.
of .the.Fdo.supports.detecton.of .both.explo-sve.vapor.and.partculates.wthout.the.need.
to.modfy.the.system.n.any.way..Ths.unque.
desgn.enables.prevously.unheard.of .functonal-ty.for.explosves.detecton.equpment.”
The.portablty.of .the.equpment.s.deal.n.
a.port.where.t.s.not.feasble.to.have.a.sngle.
checkpont..There.s.also.very.lttle.tranng.
nvolved.wth.the.equpment;.ths.contrasts.
wth.that.of .a.K-9.unt.where.the.Explosve.
Detecton.K-9.course.s.a.ten.week.program.
for.the.handlers.and.the.dogs.receve.sx.weeks.
of .tranng.on.explosve.odors.pror.to.meetng.
ther.handlers,.accordng.to.the.North.Amercan.
Polce.Work.Dog.Assocaton...ICx.s.also.work- ng.on.long-term.solutons.to.provde.new.low-cost,.easy-to-use.capabltes.for.the.detecton.
of .explosves.on.fshng.boats,.contaner.vessels,.
pleasure.boats.and.other.watercraft..
T
he.Unted.States.ground.transportaton.system,.whch.ncludes.ral,.mass.tran-st.and.truckng,.affects.all.Amercans.
and.s.a.vtal.part.of .our.economy..Accordng.
to.the.Amercan.Truckng.Assocaton,.n.2005.
truckers.hauled.10.7.bllon.tons.of .freght..Ths.
accounted.for.68.9.percent.of .the.freght.moved.
n.the.country..The.ralroads.carred.more.than.
30.mllon.ral.cars.loaded.wth.coal,.chemcals,.
lumber,.food.and.automobles..Protectng.crt-cal.nfrastructure.s.essental.to.our.economy..
Only.recently.has.ral.and.ground.transportaton.
receved.suffcent.attenton.from.federal.pol-cymakers..Improving America’s Security Act of 2007.
wll.approprate.more.than.$4.bllon.over.four.
years.for.ral,.transt,.and.bus.securty.grants..
Addtonally,.the.brdge.collapse.n.Mnnesota.
has.precptated.heghtened.nterest.n.Congress.
n.strengthenng.our.agng.nfrastructure..
Increased.federal.nvestment.should.complement.
efforts.already.beng.undertaken.by.the.states.
and.prvate.companes..
Smugglng.of .weapons.of .mass.destructon.
nto.the.U.S..va.trucks.has.always.been.a.major.
concern,.but.border.securty.must.be.balanced.
wth.sustanng.the.commercal.actvty.that.
ths.naton.reles.upon..Many.of .the.trucks.that.
pass.through.our.borders.from.Mexco.and.
Canada.are.gven.specal.status.under.the.North.
Amercan.Free.Trade.Agreement.(NAFTA).
and.now.under.the.Customs-Trade.Partnershp.
Aganst.Terrorsm.(C-TPAT).program..If .the.
companes.are.certfed.under.NAFTA.or.C-TPAT,.they.are.allowed.to.move.through.the.
“Green.Lane”.at.the.border.wth.an.expedted.
nspecton.process..
electronic Manifests
In.October.2006,.U.S..Customs.and.Border.
Protecton.(CBP).mandated.that.foregn.trucks.
transmt.advance.manfest.nformaton.before.
enterng.the.Unted.States.through.land.ports.of . entry.20.Mane.and.Mnnesota.are.the.latest.states.
to.begn.usng.the.system;.they.have.90.days.to.
use.and.test.the.system.and.wll.be.fully.opera-tonal.begnnng.October.16,.2007.
Truckng.companes.are.adaptng.to.the.new.
securty.demands.and.complyng.wth.the.add-tonal.requrements..“CTA.and.the.provncal.
truckng.assocatons.have.been.workng.drectly.
wth.carrers,.CBP.and.U.S..customs.brokers.
to.resolve.techncal.ssues.n.order.to.make.e-manfest.functonal..Ths.has.been.a.dffcult.and.
long.process,.but.much.has.been.accomplshed,”.
sad.Canadan.Transportaton.Authorty.Chef . Executve.Offcer.Davd.Bradley.n.a.press.
release.
Electronc.manfests.are.an.mportant.tool.n.
dentfyng.potental.smugglng.attempts.by.work-ers.and.terrorsts.alke..Companes.lke.Maddocks Systems Inc.,.headquartered.n.Beachwood.Oho,.
are.provdng.a.valuable.asset.n.the.fght.aganst.
C H A p T e R 3
Transportation:
Practical Solutions to Protecting
the Supply Chain
smugglng.and.terrorsm..These.electronc.man- fests.also.provde.addtonal.benefts.to.the.car-rers,.ncludng.reducton.of .processng.tmes.at.
ports.and.the.ablty.to.track.the.status.of .crew,.
conveyances,.equpment,.and.shpments,.such.
as.notces.that.shpments.have.arrved,.are.beng.
held,.or.have.been.released.
emergency Shut-Off Valves
The.transport.of .chemcals.across.the.country.
also.represents.a.serous.publc.safety.concern..
Respondng.to.the.threat,.the.U.S..Chemcal.
Safety.and.Hazard.Investgaton.Board.(CSB).
ssued.a.safety.bulletn.n.June.2007.to.empha-sze.the.mportance.of .nstallng,.testng,.and.
mantanng.chlorne.detecton.and.emergency.
shutdown.devces.on.chlorne.ral.car.transfer.
systems.21 .The.chlorne.threat.s.not.hypothet-cal..In.Mssour,.a.2002.chlorne.release.caused.
by.a.faulty.emergency.shutdown.system.ds-charged.48,000.pounds.of .chemcals.nto.the.
ar..Hundreds.of .resdents.were.evacuated.or.
sheltered-n-place.
Accordng.to.the.Occupatonal.Safety.and.
Health.Admnstraton.(OSHA),.severe.acute.
effects.of .chlorne.exposure.n.humans.have.
been.well.documented.snce.World.War.I,.when.
chlorne.gas.was.used.as.a.chemcal.warfare.
agent..Other.severe.exposures.have.resulted.
from.the.accdental.rupture.of .chlorne.tanks..
These.exposures.have.caused.death,.lung.con- geston,.pulmonary.edema,.pneumona,.pleu-rsy,.and.bronchts.22.Chlorne.s.an.mportant.
chemcal.used.n.the.manufacture.of .bleach,.
pharmaceutcals.and.for.water.purfcaton.
The.CSB.has.found.that.approxmately.30.
percent.of .ral.cars.do.not.have.emergency.shut-down.devces.nstalled..Prvate.manufacturers.
are.producng.emergency.shut.off .valves.that.fll.
ths.need..
Powell Fabrication and Manufacturing Inc.’s.Emergency.Gas.Shut.Off .Valve.Closure.
Systems.are.desgned.to.prevent.sgnfcant.
releases.of .hazardous.gases.lke.chlorne.23.In.
the.case.of .an.accdental.release,.the.emergency.
valve.closure.system.wll.close.the.valves.n.ten.
transport.of .ths.key.commodty....
protecting the Rails Through public/
private partnerships
Hazardous.materals.travel.through.major.met-ropoltan.areas.n.the.U.S.on.a.daly.bass..The.
naton’s.economy.s.dependent.on.the.move-ment.of .these.materals.across.the.country;.
were.an.attack.to.be.carred.out,.the.homeland.
securty.mplcatons.of .such.an.attack.would.
be.enormous..An.accdent.or.terrorst.attack.
aganst.a.tran.carryng.hazardous.materals.
whle.travelng.through.a.heavly.populated.area.
could.endanger.mllons.of .people.and.severely.
dsrupt.an.ndspensable.part.of .our.transporta-ton.system..Close.collaboraton.between.the.
publc.and.prvate.sectors.s.requred.to.deal.
wth.ths.challenge.
Authortes.n.New.Jersey,.New.York.and.
Kentucky.have.formed.partnershps.wth.CSX Transportation (CSXT).to.address.ths.ssue.24.
“Ensurng.that.our.freght.ral.system.s.secure.s.
a.top.prorty.for.my.admnstraton,”.sad.New.
Jersey.Governor.Jon.Corzne..“CSXT.deserves.
credt.for.steppng.up.and.servng.as.a.model.for.
a.collaboratve.publc/prvate.securty.ntatve.”25