Diastolic Arterial Blood Pressure

4.5.1. Diastolic arterial blood pressure baseline

The Mean ± SD of diastolic arterial blood pressure has been presented in Tables 7. As results of this part revealed, the mean baseline diastolic arterial blood pressure in nerve block anaesthetized group decreased compared to intravenous regional treated cows at 1min as well as 24 minutes before anaesthesia while the mean baseline diastolic arterial blood pressure in nerve block treated cows had an increased level compared to intravenous regional anaesthetized group at t-12 min, t-10 min, t-5 min and t-39 min. There was not seen any significant difference between two treatment groups at all the times before anaesthesia [Fig.

41].

4.5.2. Diastolic arterial blood pressure following treatment

The mean diastolic arterial blood pressure had a decreased level compared to another

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treatment at t+2 min, t+17 min, t+45 min, t+48 min, t+51 min, t+59 min and t+69 min after treatment while those nerve block anaesthetized treated group had an increased mean diastolic arterial blood pressure compared to intravenous regional treated cows at t+15 min, t+22 min, t+27 min, t+32 min, t+34 min, t+39 min following anaesthesia. Additionally, there was not any significant effect of treatment with either IVRA or NBA on Diastolic arterial blood pressure (P = 0.76) while the effects of time as well as interaction between time and treatment (Time effect: P < 0.0001; Time*Group effect: P < 0.0001) were significant [Fig. 41].

Fig. 41: Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure in two treatment groups with no significant differences between IVRA and NBA. A, B, C, D and E represent respectively the time for turning cows to LR, tourniquet application, anaesthesia with either IVRA or NBA, returning cows to standing position as well as tourniquet deflation.

4.5.3. Diastolic arterial blood pressure related to lateral recumbency

As the results revealed the mean diastolic arterial blood pressure in nerve block treated cows was higher than intravenous regional anaesthetized cows at t-20 min and t+7 min while mean diastolic blood pressure in intravenous regional treated group had a higher level compared to nerve block treated group at t-5 min. However, any significant difference was not seen between two treated groups regarding type of anaesthesia at above time (P T-20, T-5, T+7 > 0.05;

t0 = LR time) [Fig. 42]. Proc GLM revealed, Group effect: P = 0.65, Time effect: P = 0.96 and Time*Group effect: P = 0.33.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

-39 -24 -12 -10 -5 -1 2 15 17 22 27 32 34 39 45 48 51 59 69

Diastolic blood pressure/mmHg

Time (min)

IVRA NBA

A B C D E

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4.5.4. Diastolic arterial blood pressure related to standing position

The mean diastolic blood pressure had a higher level in nerve block treated cows compared to intravenous regional anaesthetized group before returning cows to standing position from lateral recumbency on surgical tipping table at t-1 min while the mean diastolic arterial blood pressure in intravenous regional treated group was greater than nerve block group after returning cows to standing position at t+5 min. However, there was no significant difference between two treated groups regarding type of anaesthesia method at above mentioned time (P

T-1, T+5 > 0.05; t0 = returning cows to standing position from lateral recumbency time) [Fig.

43]. Moreover, proc GLM demonstrated, Group effect: P = 0.29, Time effect: P = 0.07 and Time*Group effect: P = 0.0002.

4.5.5. Diastolic arterial blood pressure related to first (control), second and third nociceptive thresholds

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As the results revealed the mean diastolic arterial blood pressure in nerve block treated cows was greater than intravenous regional anaesthetized cows before and after first nociceptive threshold measurement at t-1 min, t+1 min as well as t+5 min. However, any significant difference between two treated groups regarding the anaesthesia method was not seen at above recorded time (P T-1, T+1, T+5 > 0.05; t0 = first nociceptive threshold measurement). In addition, proc GLM revealed, Group effect: P = 0.25, Time effect: P = 0.56 and Time*Group effect: P = 0.99. Regarding second nociceptive threshold assessment, the mean diastolic blood pressure in nerve block treated cows was higher than intravenous regional treated group only before second nociceptive threshold measurement at t-1 min while after that at t+1 min as well as t+5 min a higher level in intravenous regional treated cows compared to nerve block group was seen. However, there was not seen any significant difference between two groups related to type of anaesthesia at above time (P T-1 T+1, T+5 > 0.05; t0 = second nociceptive threshold measurement). Also, proc GLM showed, Group effect: P = 0.96, Time effect: P = 0.18 and Time*Group effect: P = 0.30. The results showed that mean diastolic arterial blood pressure in nerve block anaesthetized group was greater than mean diastolic blood pressure in intravenous regional analgezied cows before as well as following third nociceptive threshold assessment at t-1 min, t+1 min and t+5 min. However, there was no remarkable difference between two treated groups at above time (P T-1, T+1, T+5 > 0.05; t0 = third nociceptive threshold measurement) [Fig. 44]. Proc GLM demonstrated Group effect: P = 0.28, Time effect: P =

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4.5.6. Diastolic arterial blood pressure related to anaesthesia

The mean diastolic blood pressure in intravenous regional anaesthetized group showed a higher level than nerve block at t-1 min while the mean diastolic blood pressure had a same level in intravenous regional treated groups and nerve block treated cows after anaesthesia at t+2 min. However, there was no remarkable difference between two groups related to anaesthesia type at above time (P T-1, T+2 > 0.05; t0 = anaesthesia time) [Fig. 45]. Additionally, proc GLM showed, Group effect: P = 0.95, Time effect: P = 0.37, Time*Group effect: P = 0.83.

4.5.7. Diastolic arterial blood pressure related to inflation of tourniquet

The mean diastolic blood pressure in nerve block treated cows had a higher level than intravenous regional treated group before inflation of tourniquet at t-1 min while the mean diastolic arterial blood pressure showed a lower level in nerve block group compared to intravenous regional treated one after its application at t+3 min. However, any significant difference between two treated groups was not seen at both above time (P T-1, T+3 > 0.05; t0 = tourniquet application time) [Fig. 46]. Proc GLM revealed, Group effect: P = 0.51, Time

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4.5.8. Diastolic arterial blood pressure related to deflation of tourniquet

As the results showed the mean diastolic blood pressure in intravenous regional treated cows had a higher level than nerve block anaesthetized cows before as well as after release of tourniquet at t-1 min, t+2 min and t+5 min. However, no remarkable difference was seen related to anaesthesia type between two groups (P T-1, T+2, T+5 > 0.05; t0 = removal of tourniquet time) [Fig. 47]. Moreover, proc GLM showed, Group effect: P = 0.052, Time effect: P = 0.003 and Time*Group effect: P = 0.007.