Part 3: Adapting development cooperation to new geopolitics
17 The development policy system now and in the future 548
Abstract 548
17.1 Introduction 549
17.2 Conceptualising the development policy system 552
17.2.1 Definitions 552
17.2.2 Three system dimensions: why, how and what 553 17.2.3 The importance of growing disconnections since 2010 555 17.3 Changes and disconnections in the development policy
system 556
17.3.1 Narratives, concepts and theories 556
17.3.1.1 Why? – The migration narrative 557
17.3.1.2 (Dis-)connections to the other system dimensions:
how and what 558
17.3.1.3 Discussion 559
17.3.2 Strategies and institutional set up 559
17.3.2.1 How? – Cooperation with MICs 561
17.3.2.2 (Dis-)connections to the other system dimensions:
why and what 563
17.3.2.3 Discussion 564
17.3.3 Instruments, modalities, tools and activities 565 17.3.3.1 What? – Innovations at the operational level 567
why and how 568
17.3.3.3 Discussion 569
17.4 Conclusion: Towards global cooperation for sustainable
development? 569
References 573
18 Concluding thoughts 578
18.1 Introduction 578
18.2 Rationale and relevance 580
18.3 Has development cooperation been effective? 581 18.4 What role did the DAC play? How significant was it? 583
18.5 Future risks 584
18.6 Final thoughts 587
References 589
Figures
Figure 1: Summary comparison of “Shaping the 21st Century”
and MDG goals 354
Figure 2: The why, how and what of the development policy
system 554 Figure 3: Narratives, concepts and theories within and outside
the development policy system 557
Figure 4: Strategy and institutional set-up within the
development policy system 560
Figure 5: Instruments, modalities, tools and activities within
the development policy system 566
Boxes
Box 1: Tidewater in Action – The DAC and Africa 17 Box 2: The world as it might have been: the view from 1970 24 Box 3: The global aid industry and its media platform 27 Box 4: Development studies as a new knowledge resource 28 Box 5: Interacting with China – Two Chapters 32
3ie International Initiative for Impact Evaluation AAA Accra Agenda for Action
AAAA Addis Ababa Action Agenda ACB Additional concessional benefits
ACET African Centre for Economic Transformation ACGI Arab Coordination Group Institutions ADB Asian Development Bank
AfDB African Development Bank
AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ANF Archives nationales (France)
APF Africa Partnership Forum APR Africa personal representative APRM African peer review mechanism AsDB Asian Development Bank
AU African Union
AWID Association for Women’s Rights in Development BIAC Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD BoP Balance of payments
BRIC Brazil, Russia, India and China
BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa CAITEC China Academy of International Trade and Economic
Cooperation
CBD UN Convention on Biodiversity
CCET Centre for Co-operation with Economies in Transition (OECD) CCEET Centre for Co-operation with European Economies in Transition
(OECD)
CCIC Canadian Council for International Co-operation CDD C. Douglas Dillon Personal Papers
CDF Comprehensive Development Framework (World Bank) CEO Chief executive officer
CIA Central Intelligence Agency (US)
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
CIKD Centre for International Knowledge on Development (China) CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CoE Council of Europe
COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CPA Country programmable aid
CPDC Network on Conflict, Peace and Development Cooperation (DAC) CPE Centrally planned economy
CPSU Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union CRS Creditor Reporting System (DAC)
CSE Consumer support estimate/Consumer subsidy equivalent CSO Civil society organisation
CSW Commission on the Status of Women (United Nations) DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DAG Development Assistance Group (OEEC) DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DCD Development Co-operation Directorate (OECD) DCER Documents on Canadian external relations DCF Development Co-operation Forum (UN) DDD doing development differently
DDF Documents diplomatiques français DDR Differentiated discount rates
DD-II Second development decade (United Nations 1971-80) DD-III Third development decade
DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN) DFI Development finance institution
DFID Department for International Development (UK)
DG Director General
DIE German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik
DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DRS Debtor Reporting System (World Bank)
EABC External Affairs, Monthly Bulletin of the Department of External Affairs (Canada)
EADI European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes
EAT Science-based global platform for food system transformation EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC European Commission
ECDPM European Centre for Development Policy Management ECG Energy Coordinating Group
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (United Nations)
EDRC Economic and Development Review Committee (OECD) EEC European Economic Community
EFTA European Free Trade Association EIA Environmental impact assessment
ENVIRONET Network on Environment and Development Co-operation (DAC) EPOC Environment Policy Committee (OECD)
EPTA Expanded Program of Technical Assistance (UN) ESG Environmental, social and governance
EU European Union
Evalnet Network on Development Evaluation (DAC) EXIM Bank Export-Import Bank of the United States
FCDO Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (UK) FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK)
FDI Foreign direct investment FFD Financing for development
FLOW Funding Leadership and Opportunities for Women (Netherlands) FRUS Foreign Relations of the United States
FSF Financial Support Fund FSG Fragile States Group (DAC)
G7 Group of Seven leading industrial nations g7+ group of seven plus fragile states
G8 Group of Eight
G20 Group of 20 countries
G77 Group of 77 developing countries in the United Nations GAC Global Affairs Canada
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GBV Gender-based violence
GCSD global cooperation for sustainable development GDP Gross domestic product
GEF Global Environment Facility GENDERNET Network on Gender Equality (DAC) GFC Global financial crisis
GNI Gross national income GNP Gross national product
GovNet Network on Governance (DAC)
GPEDC Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation GPG Global public goods
GSP Generalised System of Preferences HIPC Heavily indebted poor country
HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HLF High-level forum HLM High-level meeting HLP High-level panel
IADB Inter-American Development Bank
IANWGE Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality (United Nations)
IATI International Aid Transparency Initiative
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank Group)
IDB Inter-American Development Bank IDG International Development Goal (DAC)
IDS Institute of Development Studies (Sussex University) IEA International Energy Agency
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFF Illicit financial flows
IFI International financial institutions
IIED International Institute for Environment and Development IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development IMF International Monetary Fund
INCAF International Network on Conflict and Fragility (DAC) IPRCC International Poverty Reduction Centre in China IsDB Islamic Development Bank
ITO International Trade Organization IUCN World Conservation Union
IWG International working group on export credits JAM Joint assistance mission
JASS Just Associates
KFAED Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau
LAP Learning and advisory process on difficult partnerships LDC Least developed country
LIC low-income country LSS Little, Scitovsky, & Scott MAP multi-actor partnership
MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation MDB Multilateral development bank MDG Millennium Development Goal MIC middle-income country MNE Multinational enterprise
MOPAN Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network MSP Mutual security pact
NARA National Archives and Records Administration, Washington D.C.
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non-governmental organisation
NIEO New international economic order NIS Newly independent states
OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OCFA Office for the Coordination of Foreign Aid (United Arab
Emirates)
ODA Official development assistance ODF Official development finance ODI Overseas Development Institute
OEC Organisation for Economic Co-operation (OECD provisional name)
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OEEC Organisation for European Economic Co-operation OFID OPEC Fund for International Development OLIC Other low-income countries
OOF Other official flows
OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
OWG Open Working Group
OTC Overseas Territory Committee (OEEC)
PARIS21 Partnership in Statistics for Development in the 21st Century PCCG Partner country contact group
PCD Policy coherence for development
PCSD Policy coherence for sustainable development PDIA Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation PPP Polluter pays principle
PRS Poverty reduction strategy
PSE Producer support estimate/Producer subsidy equivalent RCT randomised controlled trial
RDB Regional development bank S&T Science and technology SDB State Department Bulletin (US) SDG Sustainable Development Goal SDR Special drawing rights (IMF) SEA Strategic environmental assessment SEATO South East Asia Treaty Organization SEC Special Economic Committee SFD Saudi Fund for Development SG Secretary-General
SIGI Social Institutions and Gender Index SLM Senior-level meeting
SSC South-South cooperation SSR Security system reform
SUNFED Special Fund for Economic Development (UN) SWAC Sahel and West Africa Club
SWAP Sector-wide approach
SWISS Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland 1848-1975 TB Tuberculosis
TCA Technical Cooperation Administration (United States) TCC Total concessional contributions
TFP Total factor productivity
TICA Turkish International Cooperation Agency TNA The National Archives of the United Kingdom TOSSD Total Official Support for Sustainable Development TRIP Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights TRUST Transparency, Risk-sharing, Use country systems, Support
capacity development, Timely and predictable aid U-4 Utstein Group of four development ministers
UK United Kingdom
UN United Nations
UNAMIR United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCSTD UN Centre for Scientific and Technology Development UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNECA UN Economic Commission for Africa UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities
UNGA United Nations General Assembly
UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women
UNOMUR United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda UNRRA United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
US United States
USAID US Agency for International Development USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
WB World Bank
WCC World Council of Churches WEU Western European Union WID Women in development
WP-EFF Working party on aid effectiveness (DAC)
WP-FADA Working party on financial aspects of development assistance (DAC)
WRI World Resources Institute WTO World Trade Organization
WWI World War I
WWII World War II