• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

We have reviewed the various structures which contain BNPs in OC and OS, and tried to establish the Functional Properties of the extended nominal domain active in each case.

Our previous view, suggesting that GenP and NumP might be able to license these nominals in OR, has been maintained in two cases: abstract mass nouns and indefinite nonspecific plurals.

Abstract mass singulars have been explained by taking the Old Romance determiner not to have expletive value, only a discourse-linked or anaphorical one.

As for indefinite BNPs, it is not clear to us that the absence of a null article can be dispensed with.

In (59) we list the main conclusions we have reached.

(59) (a) The contrasts between BNPs and full DPs in Old Spanish and Old Catalan do not show an unstable grammar or a situation with two alternate

competing grammars.

(b) Rather, these differences are due to the licensing conditions of the BNPs, stemming from their lexical properties together with the formal features encoded in the Functional nominal projections.

(c) The distribution of BNPs in OR is not very different from that which exists in MR, which is what one would expect if Determiners were

grammaticalized already at that time.

(d) Nevertheless, minor differences between OR and MR do appear in this respect. These are related with other grammaticalization processes, such as the processes that affected the indefinite determiner, complex verb phrases or passive constructions.

(e) In spite of being grammaticalized, the D in Old Romance had only logical content and did not have expletive value.

7. References

Abney, Stephen 1987. The English NP in its Sentential Aspect. Ph. D. Diss., MIT.

Aboh, Enoch 2003. Les constructions à objet préposé et les series verbales dans les langues kwa, in P.

Sauzet & A. Zribi-Hertz eds., Typologie des langues d'Afrique et universaux de la grammaire. Vol. 2 : 'Benue-Kwa, Soninke, Wolof'. Paris: L'Harmattan, 15-40.

Abraham, Werner 2007. The discourse-functional crystallization of the historically original demonstrative, in Stark, E., E. Leiss & W. Abraham, eds. , Nominal Determination. Typology, context constraints and historical emergence, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 241- 256.

Alexiadou, Artemis, Liliane Haegeman, and Melitta Stavrou 2007. Noun Phrase in the Generative Perspective. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter. [Studies in generative Grammar, 71].

Bartra-Kaufmann, Anna 2007. Determinerless noun phrases in Old Romance passives. In: Stark, Elisabeth, Elisabeth Leiss & Werner Abraham, eds., Nominal Determination. Typology, context constraints and historical emergence, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 257- 286.

Batllori, Montserrat & Francesc Roca 2000. The Value of Definite Determiners from Old Spanish to Modern Spanish. In: Pintzuk, Susan, Gerog Tsoulas and Andrew Warner, eds, Diachronic Syntax.

Models and Mechanisms. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 241-254.

Bauer, Brigitte. L.M. 2007. The definite article in Indo-European. In: Stark, Elisabeth, Elisabeth Leiss and Werner Abraham, eds. Nominal Determination. Typology, context constraints, and historical emergence, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 103-139.

Bernstein, Judy 1997. Demonstratives and Reinforcers in Romance and Germanic Languages. Lingua, 102, 87-113.

Borer, Hagit 2005. Structuring Sense. Vol.I: In Name Orly. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bosque, Ignacio 1996. El sustantivo sin determinación. La ausencia de determinante en la lengua española. Madrid: Visor.

Boucher, Paul. 2003. Determiner Phrases in Old and Modern French. In: Coene, Martin. and Yves D’hulst, eds. From NP to DP. Vol. 1: The Syntax and semantics of Noun Phrases. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 47-69.

Boucher, Paul 2005. Definite Reference in Old and Modern French: The Rise and Fall of DP. In: Batllori, Montserrat, Maria Lluïsa Hernanz, M. Carme Picallo & Francesc Roca, eds. Gramaticalization and Parametric Variation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 95-108.

Brugè, Laura 2000. Categorie Funzionale del nome nelle lingue Romanze. Milano: Cisalpino.

Brugè, Laura 2002. The position of demonstratives in the extended nominal projection. In: Cique, Guglielmo ed. Functional Strure in DP and IP. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 15-53.

Brunot, François. & Charles Bruneau 1949. Précis de Grammaire Historique de la Langue Française.

Paris: Masson et Cie, eds.

Coene, Martin & Yves D’Hulst, eds., 2003. From NP to DP. vol.1: The Syntax and semantics of Noun Phrases. Amsterdam,: John Benjamins.

Company Company, Concepción 1991a. La extensión del artículo en el español medieval. Romance Philology 44.4, 402-424.

Company Company, Concepción 1991b. La frase sustantiva en el español medieval. Cuatro cambios sintácticos. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Company Company, Concepción (1997. Prototipos y el origen marginal de los cambios lingüísticos. El caso de las categorías del español. In: Company Company, Concepción ed. Cambios diacrónicos en el español. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 143-168.

Company Company, C. Concepción 2004. Gramaticalización por subjetivización como prescindibilidad de la sintaxis. Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, LII.1, 1-27.

Company Company, Concepción (dir.) 2006. Sintaxis histórica de la lengua española. Primera parte: La frase verbal. México D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Delfitto, Denis & Jan Schroten 1991. Bare Plurals and the Number Affix in DP. Probus 3.2, 155-185.

Delsing, Lars Olof. 1993. The internal structure of noun phrases in Scandiavian languages: a comparative study. D. Diss. Univ. Lund.

Dobrovie-Sorin, Carmen 2001. Génitifs et déterminants. In: Kleiber, George, Brenda Laca, and Lilianne Tasmowski (eds.), Typologie des groupes nominaux. Rennes : Presses Universitaires de Rennes 2, 205-234.

Dobrovie-Sorin, Carmen and Brenda Laca 2003. Les noms sans determinant dans les langues romanes.

In: Godard, Danielle ed. Les langues romanes. Problèmes de la phrase simple . Paris : Editions du CNRS, 235-279.

Dobrovie-Sorin, Carmen, Tonia Bleam and Maria Teresa Espinal 2006. Bare nouns, number and types of incorporation. In: Vogeleer, Svetlana and Lilianne Tasmowski, eds., Non-definiteness and Plurality.

Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 51-79.

Dufresne, Monique, Fernande Dupuis & Mireille Tremblay 2003. Preverbs and particles in Old French.

In: Booij, Geert and J. van Marle, eds., Yearbook of Morphology 2003. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 33-60.

Espinal, Maria Teresa 2001. Property denoting objects in idiomayic constructions. In: D’Huslst, Yves, Johan Rooryck, & Jan Schroten (eds.). Romance languages and Linguistic Theory 1999. Selected Papers from Going Romance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 117-141.

Espinal, Maria Teresa. 2002. Idiomatic constructions vs. light verb constructions In: Leonetti, Manuel, Olga Fernández Soriano & Victoria Escandell, eds. Current Issues in generative Grammar.

Universidad de Alcalá, UNED, y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 69-81.

Foulet, Louis 1990. Petite syntaxe de l’ancien français. Paris: Champion.

Gelderen, Elly van 2004. Grammaticalization as Economy. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. [Linguistic Aktuell, 71]

Gelderen, E. van 2006. Economy of Merge and Grammaticalization: Two steps in the Evolution of language”. Msc.Available at http://www.public.asu.edu/~gelderen/pub.htm

Gelderen, Elly van 2007. The Definiteness Cycle in Germanic. Journal of Germanic Linguistics 19.4, 275-308.

Gelderen, E. van (2008), “Where did late Merge go? Grammaticalization as Feature Economy” To appear in: Studia Linguistica. Available at http://www.public.asu.edu/~gelderen/pub.htm

Gelderen, Elly van & J. MacSwan 2004. Interface conditions and code-switching: Pronouns, lexical DPs, and checking theory. Lingua 118, 765-776.

Giusti, Giuliana 1997. The categorical status of determiners. In: Haegeman, Liliane (ed.), The New Comparative Syntax. London: Longman.

Giusti, Giuliana 2001. The birth of a functional category: From Latin Ille to the Romance article and personal pronoun. In: Cinque, Guglielmo and Gianpaolo Salvi (eds.), Current Studies in Italian Syntax, Essays offered to Lorenzo Renzi, 157-171.

Giusti, Giuliana 2002. The functional structure of noun phrases. A bare structure approach” in: Cinque, Guglielmo ed. Functional Structure in DP and IP: the cartography of syntactic structures, vol.1.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 54-90.

Haegeman, Liliane 2004. DP periphery and clausal periphery: possessor doubling in West Flemish?

Relating Nominal Periphery to Clausal Periphery. In: Adger, David, Ccile de Cat and George Tsoulas, (eds.), Peripheries. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 317-339.

Hale, Ken and Samuel Jay Keyser 2002. Prolegomenon to a Theory of Argument Structure. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.

Halle, Morris & Alec Marantz 1993. Distributed Morphology and the pieces of inflection. In: Hale, Ken

& Samuel Jay Keyser (eds.), The view from Building 20: Essays in linguistics in h onor of Sylvain Bromberger. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.

Harley, Heidi & Elisabeth Ritter 2002. Person and number in pronouns: A feature geometric analysis, Language 78, 482-526.

Heine, Berndt and Tania Kuteva 2006. The Changing Languages of Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Heycock, Caroline and Roberto Zamparelli 2004. Friends and colleagues: plurality, coordination, and the structure of DP. Msc. University of Edinburgh and University of Bergamo.

Kayne, Richard 2002. On some Prepositions that Look DP-internal: Enflish of and French de”. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 1, 71-115.

Kroch, Anthony 1989. Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change. Language Variation and Change 1, 199-244.

ITALANT. available at < http://www.ovi.cnr.it/index.php?page=italant>.

Krifka, Manfred 2004. Bare NPs: Kind-referring, Indefinites, Both, or Neither? Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT) XIII. University of Washington, Seattle: CLC Publications.

Kroch, Anthony 1989. Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language chanhe. Language Variation and Change 1, 199-244.

Löbel, Elisabeth 1989. Q as a Functional category. In: C. Bhatt, E. Löbel y C. Schmidt (eds.), Syntactic Phrase Structure Phenomena. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 133-187.

Löbel, Elisabeth 2001. Classifiers and the notion of ‘Semi-Lexical Head’. In: Van Riemsdijk, H. v. and N. Corver (eds.), Semi-Lexical Categories. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Longobardi, Giuseppe 1991. Proper Names and the Theory of N-movement in Syntax and Logical Form.

University of Venice Working Papers in Linguistics 9. Venezia.

Longobardi, Giuseppe 1994. Reference and Proper Names. Linguistic Inquiry 25(4), 609-665.

Longobardi, G. Giuseppe 2001a. The Structure of DPs: Some Principles, Parameters, and Problems. In:

Baltin, M. and C. Collins, (eds.), 562-603.

Longobardi, Giuseppe 2001b. How comparative is Semantics? A Unified Parametric Theory of Bare Nouns and Proper Names. Natural language Semantics 9, 335-369.

Longobardi, Giuseppe 2003. Determinerless nouns. In: Coene, M. and Y. D’hulst, (eds.) From NP to DP.

vol.1: The Syntax and semantics of Noun Phrases. Amsterdam: John Benjamins,239-255.

Lyons, Christopher 1999. Definiteness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Masullo, Pascual José 1996. Los sintagmas nominales sin determinante: una propuesta incorporacionista.

In: Bosque, I. (ed.), El sustantivo sin determinación. La ausencia de determinante en la lengua española. Madrid: Visor, 169-200.

Migliorini, Bruno 1960. The Italian Language. (1966: Abridged and recast by T.G. Griffith). London:

Faber and Faber.

Munn, Alan and Christina Schmitt 2004. Number and indefintes. Lingua 115, 821-855.

Ogawa, Yoshiki 2001. A Unified Theory of Verbal and Nominal Projections. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pereltsvaig, Aisssa 2006. Small Nominals. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 24, 433-500.

Picallo, M.Carme 1991. Nominlas and Nominalizations in Catalan. Probus 3, 279-316.

Picallo, M.Carme 2005. Some notes on grammatical gender and l-pronouns. In: von Heusinger, K., G.A.

Kaiser and E. Stark, (eds.) Proceedings of the Workshop “Specificity and the Evolution /Emergence of Nominal Determination Systems in Romance”. Fachbereic Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Konstanz. Arbeitspapier Nr. 119, 107-121.

Picallo, M.Carme 2008. Gender and Number in Romance. Linguae & Linguaggio VII.1, 47-66.

Ritter, Elisabeth 1988. Two Functional Categories in Noun Phrases: Evidence from Modern Hebrew. In:

Rothstein S. (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 25: Perspectives on Phrase structure. New York: Academic Press, 37-62.

Ritter, Elisabeth 1993. Where’s Gender? Linguistic Inquiry 24, 795-803.

Roberts, Ian & Anna Roussou 2003. Syntactic Change. A Minimalist Approach to Grammaticalization.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shlonsky, Ur 2004. The form of the Semitic noun phrase. Lingua 114 (12), 1465-1526.

Stark, Elisabeth 2005. Typological correlations in nominal determination in Romance. In: von Heusinger, K., G.A. Kaiser and E. Stark, eds. Proceedings of the Workshop “Specificity and the Evolution /Emergence of Nominal Determination Systems in Romance”. Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Konstanz. Arbeitspapier Nr. 119, 123-138.

Stark, Elisabeth 2006. The role of the plural system in Romance. In: Detges, U.& R. Waltereit, (eds.).

Explanations of grammatical change. Selected papers from the workshop at the 29th. biannual meeting of the German Romanists at Saarbrücken in September 2005.

Szabolcsi, Anna 1993. The possessor that ran away from home.The Linguistic review 3, 89-102.

Szabolcsi, Anna 1994. The Noun Phrase. In: Kiefer, F. and K. É. Kiss (eds.), The Syntactic Structure of Hungarian (Syntax and Semantics, 27). San Diego, Academic Press, 179-274.

Zamparelli, Roberto 2000. Layers in the Determiner Phrase. New York: Garland.

Zamparelli, Roberto (ed.), 2005. The Structure of (In)definiteness: Issues in the form and interpretation of noun phrases. Special issue of Lingua 115.5.