Central African Republic (1950-2010)

Populations for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 come from Maddison. Population for 2000 comes from Time Almanac 2001. Population for 2010 comes fromWikipedia.

The age distributions for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 come from KF. We assumed the same age distribution for 2010 as in 2000.

Labor force figures for 1990 come from HDR. Labor force figures for 1960, 1970, 1980, 2000, and 2010 come fromWDR(various years). For 1950 we followed the following procedure. We used Clio infra for 1950

urbanization rates, andWDI for urbanization rates from 1960-2010. We assumed rural 15-64 labor force participation rates of 1.0075% for 1950-1960, 104.5% for 1970, 100% for 1980, 95% for 1990, 97% for 2000, 80% for 2010. We assumed urban 15-64 labor force participation rates of 100.75% for 1950-1960, 104.5%

for 1970, 93.5% for 1980, 91.5% for 1990, 97% for 2000, and 77.25% for 2010. We constructed the ratio of this labor force to that from WDR andWDI. The root mean ratio for the overlapping years 1960-2010 is 1.000. The 1960 and 1970 ratios are 1.000 and 1.001, respectively. The range of the ratios is 1.000 to 1.001.

Real output come from Maddison, except for 2010. For 2010 we used the 2008 Maddison value and applied the real PPP per capita income growth rates fromWDT 2011 and 2012. The 1960-2010 investment rates are the intraperiod average investment rate taken from S & H online andWDR (various years). The WDI provides sectoral output shares for 1970-2010. We used Sabillon (2005) information on farming, manufacturing and aggregate growth rates to construct sectoral output shares for 1950 and 1960. We applied the US 1950 capital - sectoral output ratios to construct our 1950 estimates of capital. We used perpetual inventory for 1960-2010.

Enrollments in primary and secondary schools for 1950-2000 come from Maa Table I1 p. 974. We assumed the primary school and secondary school ages are 6-11 and 12-18. The tertiary school enrollments are from Maa Table I2 p. 997. For 2010 we usedHDR.

8.9 Chad (1950-2010)

Populations for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 come from Maddison. Population for 2000 comes from Time Almanac 2001. Population for 2010 comes fromWikipedia.

The age distributions for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 come from KF. We assumed the same age distribution in 2010 as in 2000.

Labor force figures for 1980, 1990 come from WDI. Labor force figures for 2000 and 2010 come from WDR(various years). For 1950, 1960 and 1970 we followed the following procedure. We used Clio infra for 1950 urbanization rates, andWDI for urbanization rates from 1960-2010. We assumed rural 15-64 labor force participation rates of 60% for 1950-1980, 75% for 1990, 73.05% for 2000, 75% for 2010. We assumed urban 15-64 labor force participation rates of 50% for 1950-1980, 65% for 1990, 50% for 2000, 67.75% for 2010. We constructed the ratio of this labor force to that fromWDR and WDI. The root mean ratio for the overlapping years 1980-2010 is 1.000. The 1980 and 1990 ratios are .999 and 1.000, respectively. The range of the ratios is 1.000 to 1.000.

Real output come from Maddison, except for 2010. For 2010 we used the 2008 Maddison value and applied the real PPP per capita income growth rates fromWDT 2011 and 2012. The 1960-2010 investment rates are the intraperiod average investment rate taken from S & H online andWDR (various years). The WDI provides sectoral output shares for 1960-2010. We used Sabillon (2005) information on farming, manufacturing and aggregate growth rates to construct sectoral output shares for 1950. We applied the US 1950 capital - sectoral output ratios to construct our 1950 estimates of capital. We used perpetual inventory for 1960-2010.

Enrollments in primary and secondary schools for 1950-2000 come from Maa Table I1 p. 974. We assumed the primary school and secondary school ages are 6-11 and 12-18. The tertiary school enrollments are from Maa Table I2 p. 997. For 2010 we usedHDR.

8.10 Comoros (1950-2010)

Populations for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 come from Maddison. Population for 2000 comes from Time Almanac 2001. Population for 2010 comes fromWikipedia.

The age distributions for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 come from KF. We assumed the same age distribution in 2010 as in 2000.

Labor force figures for 1980-2010 come fromWDI. For 1950, 1960, 1970 we used the following procedure.

We used Clio infra to compute the 1950 urbanization rates, and WDI for urbanization rates from 1960-2010. We assumed rural 15-64 labor force participation rates of 85.6% for 1950-1960, 91% for 1970, 94.9%

for 1980, 52.4% in 1990, 58.1% for 2000, 60% for 2010. We assumed urban 15-64 labor force participation rates of 50% for 1950-2010. We constructed the ratio of this labor force to that fromWDR andWDI. The root mean ratio for the overlapping years 1960-2010 is 1.000. The 1960 and 1970 ratios are .999 and 1.000, respectively. The range of the ratios is 1.000 to 1.000.

Real output come from Maddison, except for 2010. For 2010 we used the 2008 Maddison value and applied the real PPP per capita income growth rates from WDR 2011 and WDR 2012. The 1970-2010 investment rates are the intraperiod average investment rate taken from S & H online andWDR (various years). TheWDI provides sectoral output shares for 1980-2010. We used Sabillon (2005) information on farming, manufacturing and aggregate growth rates on Sub-Saharan African countries to construct sectoral output shares for 1950,-1970. We applied the US 1950-1960 capital - sectoral output ratios to construct our 1950 and 1960 estimates of capital. We used perpetual inventory for 1970-2010.

Enrollments in primary and secondary schools for 1960-2000 come fromWDR various issues. For 2010 we usedHDR. For 1950 we assumed 5 percent elementary school enrollment rate, and .5 percent secondary school enrollment rate, and 0 higher education. We assumed the primary school and secondary school ages are 6-11 and 12-18.

8.11 Congo (1950-2010)

Populations for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 come from Maddison. Population for 2000 comes from Time Almanac 2001. Population for 2010 comes fromWikipedia.

The age distributions for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 come from KF. Age distribution for Congo 2000 and 2010 come from theDemographic Yearbook. For 2010 we adjusted the 2009 age distribution.

We adjust by assuming the same share by age category as in 2009.

Labor force figures for 1960-1990 come fromWDI. Labor force figures for 2000 and 2010 come fromWDR (various years). For 1950 we followed the following procedure. We used Clio infra for 1950 urbanization rates, and WDI for urbanization rates from 1960-2010. We assumed rural 15-64 labor force participation rates of 90% for 1950-1980, 80% for 1990, 90% for 2000, 80% for 2010. We assumed urban 15-64 labor force participation rates of 71.5% for 1950-1970, 70.3% for 1980, 62.22% for 1990, 73.25% for 2000, 70.07% for 2010. We constructed the ratio of this labor force to that fromWDR and WDI. The root mean ratio for the overlapping years 1960-2010 is 1.000. The 1980 and 1990 ratios are 1.000 and 1.001, respectively. The range of the ratios is 1.000 to 1.001.

Real output come from Maddison, except for 2010. For 2010 we used the 2008 Maddison value and applied the real PPP per capita income growth rates from WDR 2011 and WDR 2012. The 1970-2010 investment rates are the intraperiod average investment rate taken from S & H online andWDR (various

years). TheWDI provides sectoral output shares for 1960-2010. We used Sabillon (2005) information on farming, manufacturing and aggregate growth rates for Sub-Saharan African countries to construct sectoral output shares for 1950. We applied the US 1950 and 1960 capital - sectoral output ratios to construct our 1950 and 1960 estimates of capital. We used perpetual inventory for 1970-2010.

Enrollments in primary and secondary schools for 1950-2000 come from Maa Table I1 p. 974. We assumed the primary school and secondary school ages are 6-11 and 12-18. The tertiary school enrollments are from Maa Table I2 p. 997. For 2010 we usedHDR.