CATALOGUE: IMPORTS: CHIAN, EAST GREEK, ARGIVE MONOCHROME 57
62 CATALOGUE: POTTERY BY PAINTING STYLES The tools used on this otherwise quite ordinary
oinochoe appear to be ivory-working tools (cf. B.S.A., XLVIII, 1953, pl. 63 for a sample of Ithacan ivories with such tool marks). Ivory was, of course, worked in Athens; see Kunze, Ath. Mitt., LV, 1930, pp. 147 ff., pls. V ff. This must be one of the earliest bits of incision found on Attic pottery; it was prob- ably intended to look like white circle decoration.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
271 Basket bowl. P1. 16.
P 17189. Well, M 11:1. Hesperia, XVI, 1947, p. 210, pl. 46, 4, Brann 0 12. H. 0.069 m.; diam. at rim 0.111 m.
Flat-bottomed, with nearly straight sides, plain rim, flat on top. Made by pressing clay into finely woven basket. Inside smooth with three bands of thin red glaze, crossing at center of floor.
Cf. fTTpcKTlKd, 1911, p. 126, figs. 30-31, and CVA Munich 3, pl. 129, 8. A basket of the sort which might be used to make such bowls is here shown. It is much coarser than that used for the Geometric bowl; such fine baskets are not made in modern Greece, but are imported from' Japan.
This bowl is glazed inside like the small bowls made by the workshop in which 367 was made.
272 Handle of pyxis lid, Middle Geometric. P1. 16.
P 4796. Well, F 12:6. H. 0.053 m.
The little wooden knob illustrated here was turned on a lathe, and shows how close to woodworking certain features of Middle Geometric are.
That pyxis knobs may have originated in turned woodwork was observed by Jacobsthal, Greek Pins, p. 40. Observations complementary to this are con- tained in H. A. Thompson's unpublished article on the origin of Geometric pottery in basketry (Sum- mary in A.J.A., L, 1946, p. 286; on file at the In- stitute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey).
There it is shown that the pyxis shape is at home in basketwork (and, it might be pointed out, the fact that in pottery it has had no regular shape develop- ment nor a recognizable function shows it to be alien to that medium). Attention is drawn particularly to the radial design on the bottom of pyxides (e. g. 268) as being a rendering of the radiating staves which are used in plaiting the basket bottom. Other Geo- metric ornament is also particularly reminiscent of basketry, such as checkerboard pattern, maeanders, and all sorts of running Geometrio friezes. These ornaments in basketry and its pottery counterparts are beautifully illustrated in W. von Wersin and W. Muiller-Graf, Das elementare Ornament und seine Gesetzlichkeit, Ravensburg, 1940, pls. 64ff.; (for Attic baskets see Hesperia, XXVII, 1958, pp. 264-275, pl. 51).
It should be noted that H. A. Thompson's obser- vations hold best in regard to Middle Geometric;
by Late Geometric times the Geometric manner had become a school of ceramic thought.
To return to the knob, if the pyxides were origin- ally baskets, their handles were probably made of wood, hence the similarity to woodwork.
First half of the 8th century B.C.
273 Fragmentary krater, Middle to Late Geometric.
P1. 16.
P 25263. H 8-10, investigations in the Hellenistic Metroon, level of the 8th century B.C. P.W. 0.38 m.;
est. diam. of rim 0.52 m.
(a) High stand-up rim, flat and slightly thickened on top. Glazed inside to below rim with streaky glaze.
Groups of vertical strokes (?) on top of rim. Out- side, on rim two lines, hatched maeander, two lines, broad band at shoulder-rim joint. On shoulder, panels with swastikas, many dotted circles. Below, long panels, vertical decoration. At right, nearly empty panel, probably near handle, with chevrons.
(b) A fragment of rolled handle, vertical decoration as above. (Not illustrated: fragments from lower body with, in order, stacked zigzag rows, zigzags, battlement maeander, zigzags, leaf ornament, zig- zags, rows of circles). (c) Fragment from near bottom has hatched running diamonds, triangles, solid band, lines at bottom. Red to chocolate-brown glaze.
Cf. the amphora fragments Kerameikos, V, 1, pl. 49 with similar careful dot circles.
Though there are several kraters with plain stand- up rims without mouldings from the Agora (2765-276), the rim type appears not to occur in Attica other- wise. Kraters with moulded rim, OVA Louvre 11, pls. 1-14.
Just before 750 B.C.
274 Fragment of krater, Middle Geometric. P1. 16.
P 26318. Storage pit, B 14:5. P.H. 0.075 m.; est.
diam. 0.49 m.
Broad stand-up rim, flat on top with verticals.
Attachment of horizontal handle with return. Out- side, on rim, bands, triangles. Below, panels with stacked M-ornament at left, zigzag in center, block of glaze at right. Glazed inside. Shiny brown to toward inside. Beginning of shoulder reserved. Groups of verticals on top, broad band of glaze below rim inside. Maeander between bands inside. Brown glaze.
Cf. 273.
276 Rim fragment of krater, Middle to Late Geo- metric. P1. 16.
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CATALOGUE: POTTERY BY PAINTING STYLES 63
P 25840. G-H 11-12, context of 8th-7th cen-turies B.C. P.H. 0.07 m.
From a very large krater with flat, glazed top and hatched high maeander. Brown glaze.
Cf. 273.
277 Fragment of krater (2), Dipylon. Pls. 16, 43.
P 8885. Well, T 19:1. P.H. 0.07 m.; Th. 0.012 m.
At left, attachment for a belly-handle. Below arc of handle, the prow of a ship, to left.
Some kraters are not glazed inside, (e. g. Kunze, Disiecta membra attischer Grabkratere," 'APX.'Eq)., 1953-1954, Part A, p. 167) so that it seems possible that this sherd comes from a krater, like those shown by Kirk (B.S.A., XLIV, 1949, pp. 104-105, nos. 18, 19, pl. 38, 2. The type of ship, smaller than most Dipylon ships, is that of ibid., p. 96, fig. 1). The verticals are deck-supporting struts; there is a plat- form up at the stem.
Ca. 750 B.C.
278 Fragment of spouted krater, Late Geometric.
P1. 16.
P 21335. Area L 6. P.H. 0.075 m.; est. diam. at rim 0.30 m.
Short straight rim, flat on top. Part of bridged spout. Inside glazed. On top of rim short strokes, on side three bands and a broad band. Nozzle glazed.
On shoulder, a panel, set off from spout by two bands with stretches of zigzags, three bands, vertical wavy lines, more banding. Brown to black glaze.
Cf. Jahrb., XIV, 1899, p. 111, fig. 18, also Kera- meikos, V, 1, pl. 24, top row; CVA Copenhagen 2, III H, pl. 72, 4, a, b. This must be among the earliest of the Late Geometric spouted bowls.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
279 Fragment of krater, Late Geometric. P1. 16.
P 21336. Area L 6. P.H. 0.05 m.; est. diam. at rim 0.30 m.
Like 278, but rim concave with slight ridge at its base. Inside glazed, strokes on top of rim; outside of rim glazed, line below. At left, vertical banding; at right, low panel with zigzags, band below. Red glaze outside, red to brown inside.
Cf. 278.
280 Krater fragment, Middle Geometric. P1. 16.
P 8357. Well, D 11:5. Young C 109. P.H. 0.175 m.
281 Fragment of closed pot, Middle Geometric. P1. 16.
P 25306. Well, F 12:6. P.H. 0.15 m.
Unglazed inside. Red glaze outside. Must come from the same shape as 280.
From an amphora like Kerameikos, V, 1, pls. 47-48.
Before 750 B.C.
282 Fragment of krater, Late Geometric. P1. 16.
P 7494. Well, D 11:5. Young C 103. Est. diam.
0.39 m.
Cf. the decoration of the kantharos 173.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
283 Fragments of a krater, Late Geometric. P1. 16.
P 21801. Well, P 14:2. Est. diam. at rim 0.26 m.
Short straight rim; horizontal band handle (b) set against the wall with a raised end. Glazed inside, groups of strokes on rim. Battlement maeander on shoulder (a), lines at left. Brownish black glaze.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
284 Fragment of tripod leg, Middle to Late Geo- metric. P1. 16.
P 25568. P.H. 0.07 m.
Broken top and bottom. Outlined maeander and dots.
From a tripod like Kerameikos, V 1, pls. 68-69.
For the dots in the turns of the maeander cf. 256.
285 Fragments of egg-shaped krater, Late Geometric.
P1. 16.
P 25638. Well, J 14:5. P.H. of fragment a (with handle) 0.19 m.
(Not illustrated: small fragment of high stand-up rim, with broad band inside, reserved line on top, dots inside). Largest fragment (a) preserves rolled
"ram's head" handle with dots on loops of handles and zigzag on "ram's head." Under handles, standing hatched triangles. Attachments edged by curved lines. At left, panel with circle ornament edged by dots, stars in corner. Frame of vertical hatching and dots. Below, three lines, dots, three lines, and broad uneven bands. Lines are separated by vigorous in- cision where they run together. Red glaze outside only.
From a small krater like Kerameikos, V, 1, pl. 24, inv. 1143, but a little earlier. For the circle ornament see 286; for the standing hatched triangles see the amphora 7.
Note that where the banding has run together it is separated by incision. This is certainly one of the earliest appearances of the technique in Athens, though it occurs often enough in this period to show that the technique, used at least in this ancillary way, was already familiar.
Late 8th century B.C.
286 Geometric krater fragment. P1. 16.
P 7495. Well, D 11:5. Young C 104. P.H. 0.10 m.
The circle ornament is particularly popular on jugs and kraters, e. g. G. M. A. Richter, Handbook of the Metropolitan Museum Greek Collection, Cambridge, Mass., 1953, pl. 15, b; E. Pottier, Vases antiques du
© American School of Classical Studies at Athens For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
64 CATALOGUE: POTTERY BY PAINTING STYLES Louvre, Paris, 1897, pl. 20, A 511; Olympische For-
schungen, III, pl. 95, middle. For the vertical dia- monds see Hesperia, IV, 1935, p. 241, fig. 14, 30.
About the date of the skyphos bowl, A.J.A., XLIV, 1940, pl. XXVI, 3.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
287 Neck fragment of amphora, Dipylon. P1. 17.
P 667. Well, F 15:4. P.H. 0.15 m.
At left, black-glazed zone from under handle. Panel framed above by three bands, at sides by diagonal strokes between lines, at bottom by dotted running diamond. In panel, four-spoked wheel with dots around rim. M-ornaments at sides. To the right a vertical maeander. Worn black glaze.
Cf. the very similar amphora in J. Brants, Be- schrijving van de klassieke Verzameling in het Rijks- museum van Oudheden te Leiden, The Hague, 1930, pl. VII.
The Leiden amphora is ascribed to the Sub- Dipylon Hand by Davison, "Geometric Workshops,"
p. 66, fig. 94. 287 is also by that hand.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
288 Fragment of large closed pot, Late Geometric.
P1. 17.
P 10663. Well, B 14:5. P.H. 0.06 m.
Non-joining fragments. On fragment a, concentric circles ringed by dots, in middle hanging and standing hatched and outlined triangles, their apices connected by wavy line in weak glaze. On fragment b, vertical columns of diagonals, wavy line, hatched diamond and triangle. Shiny brown and black glaze.
The ornament is the same as on the bottom frieze of the Athens amphora, B.S.A., XLVII, 1952, pl. 3, A which is from the Sub-Dipylon workshop, attrib- uted by Davison, "Geometric Workshops," p. 67, fig. 101. Similar, CVA Musee Rodin, pl. 9, 3.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
289 Neck fragment of amphora, Late Geometric.
Pls. 17, 42.
P 6472. F-G 12:1. Young B 59. a) diam. at rim 0.32 m.; b) P.H. 0.105 m.
Added: a small part of rim and panel with horse's head to right. Glaze worn.
Very similar is an amphora in Athens, N.M. 18461.
Cf. 303 especially for the circles and the horse's head.
Sub-Dipylon workshop, see 303.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
290 Neck fragment of amphora, Late Geometrie.
P1. 17.
P 1668. H 17:4. Burr 78. H. 0.111 m.
From an amphora like 303, same workshop.
291 Fragment of amphora, Late Geometric. P1. 17.
P 1627. H 17:4. Burr 34. P.H. 0.081 m.
From an amphora like 303, same workshop.
292 Neck fragment of amphora, Late Geometric.
P1. 17.
P 8383. Well, D 11:5. Young C 135. Max. dim.
0.14 m.
Cf. 289.
293 Fragment of amphora, Late Geometric. P1. 17.
P 21337. Max. dim. 0.092 m.
Cf. the New York krater, Mon. Piot., XLIX, 1957, p. 28, fig. 13.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
294 Neck fragment, Late Geometric. P1. 17.
P 11. Area I 9-10, context of 6th century B.C.
P.H. 0.075 m.
From large pot. Panel at left has concentric circles with dots on outside, cross in center. Brownish black glaze.
From an amphora like 303, same workshop.
295 Neck fragment of amphora, Late Geometric.
P1. 17.
P 26458. S 17:1 and S 17:3. P.H. 0.22 m.
Bit of rolled rim preserved. Fragment from center of neck has two panels of hanging and standing hatched triangles at each side of vertical diamond ornament. Worn glaze.
Similar, B.S.A., XII, 1905-1906, p. 87, fig. 7, from Kynosarges. A minor piece of the scheme of 303.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
296 Fragment of belly-handled amphora, Middle Geometric, P1. 17.
P 24842. Well, N 12:2. L. 0.24 m.
(Not illustrated: a fragment of the handle-panel with attachment of horizontal handle. Bars on handle, attachment outlined with triple band. At left, part of concentric circle panel). Glaze worn.
Cf. CVA Athens 1, pl. 7, 3; Graef, Akropolis Vasen, pl. 10, 272. maeander edged by three lines. In panels at right, concentric circles with reserved cross in center, stars in the corner. Worn blackish brown glaze.
From an amphora like 296.
298 Fragment of closed pot; Late Geometric. P1. 17.
P 5025. Area F 13, disturbed levels to south of Geometric cemetery. Young B 21. P.H. of large piece 0.17 m. Brown glaze.
Similarly debased Dipylon prothesis, Matz, Gesch.
Gr. Kunst, pl. 15, b in Athens (N.M. 812). For the period of the Sub-Dipylon workshop, see 303.
299 Neck fragment of amphora, Late Geometric.
P1. 17.
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CATALOGUE: POTTERY BY PAINTING STYLES 65
301 Fragmentary krater, Early Protoattic. Pls. 17, 43.
P 10227. Well, T 19:3. P.H. 0.19 m.; est diam. at rim 0.19 m.
Short stand-up rim with groups of verticals on top, bands outside. On shoulder, chariot procession to left. At least three horses (i. e. six legs). Back part of scene shows string manes and spider-like feet of horses. Chariot has wheel with four spokes, high- swung railing. Behind the chariot, a walking warrior (on larger scale than the charioteer) with outline legs and two spears. Bottom of his shield preserved. In field, double spiral, squiggles. Illustrated only in a drawing (P1. 43): a fragment with parts of horses with loop manes; another with lower part of warrior to left, part of chariot railing(?) in front, head of horse with reins behind him. Shield has irregular netting; in meshes, outline diamonds. Below, frieze bands, standing triangles and narrower banding.
Black glaze.
The direction of the procession to the left is remarkable, since Geometric friezes almost always move right, except in subsidiary positions. A similar observation was made by Bielefeld writing on a skyphos with a rim frieze, Studies Presented to D.
M. Robinson, II, p. 44.
The style is similar to that of the workshop of Athens 894 (see 302) but more advanced, as the reserved technique of the legs shows. It points toward the Hymettos amphora, CVA Berlin 1, pls. 43-44.
Late 8th century B.C.
302 Fragment of krater, Late Geometric. P1. 17.
P 7184. Well, D 11:5. Young C 108. P.H. 0.165 m.
From the workshop of Athens 894, cf. especially the Toronto amphora, Davison, "Geometric Work- shops," p. 79, fig. 119. ration on both sides of neck. On handles, panels (prob- ably three) with crosses edged by three lines. On shoulder, standing hatched triangles, dotted running diamond framed by three lines, hanging hatched triangles. (Not illustrated: glazed ring foot, bevelled at base. Bottom knocked out, perhaps in antiquity).
Brownish black glaze, worn.
It is possible that the neck was used as a well- lining.
Cf. an almost identical amphora in Eleusis, Jahrb., XIV, 1899, p. 194, fig. 57. Ascribed to the Workshop of the Sub-Dipylon Painter by Davison, "Geometric Workshops," p. 67, fig. 99. Benton, J.H.S., LXX, 1950, p. 21, pl. VI a, b, c, compares Late Geometric bronze horses with those on a Sub-Dipylon amphora.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
L. Lorimer, Homer and the Monuments, London, 1950, p. 320, pl. XXVI, 3; T. B. L. Webster, "Homer and Attic Geometric Vases," B.S.A., L, 1955, p. 40, fig. 1; T. J. Dunbabin, Greeks and Eastern Neighbours, p. 21, pl. III, 1; T. B. L. Webster, From Mycenae to Homer, pl. 25 a, b; The American Abroad, July, 1959, p. 41, illustrated. Mentioned by Byvanck, Mne- mosyne, XIII, 1947, p. 249, "before 700." Mentioned by Willemsen, Ath. Mitt., LXIX, 1954, p. 26, Beil. 13, compared with the bronze warrior Athens N.M. 6178.
H. 0.228 m.
Flat-bottomed oinochoe with trefoil mouth and double rolled handle. Through the body are passed two tubes at right angles as shown in the section in Figure 2. On the neck three warriors with spears and hourglass shields to right. On the body, just under handle (P1. 17) two warriors behind one shield mount- ing a chariot while fending off a sword-wielding war- rior on foot. Behind him another foot soldier and an unarmed charioteer. Ahead of the twin-figure's chariot, an armed warrior in a wagon-like chariot to right.
Interpreted as Nestor battling the Aktorione- Molione, Siamese twins, a scene described in Iliad XI, 707 ft. (Hampe).
Suggestions for the use of the tubes, none quite convincing, have included: for a slow-trickling, long- term dispensing of libations, the tubes being more
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66 CATALOGUE: POTTERY BY PAINTING STYLES