6th century as a line) are as low and broad as Mycen- aean metal cups (187). Contemporary with this last metallic phase is a cup with angled shoulder (188), evidently a bona fide copy from a metal prototype made exclusively in the second half of the 7th cen- tury s.c. Main references: Geometric, Young, p. 203, Kerameikos, V, 1, p. 62; Subgeometric, Brann, F 35ff.
PHALERON CUPs (Pl. 10).
This group of small, usually decorated, cups is named after the Phaleron Cemetery where they were found in large number (A.J.A., XLVI, 1942, p. 46).
The preferred shape is a flaring calyx (193) though cups with offset rim or rounded sides (191, 190) are also made. The commonest decoration is a wavy line around the body; sometimes the painting is more elaborate (192, 193), sometimes it is entirely lacking (189). It is almost always Late Geometric or Early Protoattic, thus showing that the bulk of these cups belong to the late 8th and early 7th century B.C.
177 Cup, Late Geometric. P1. 10.
P 4982. Grave, G 12:16. Young X 2. H. 0.063 m.;
diam. 0.104 m.
Bars on handle. Found with 37 and dated accord- ingly.
Mid 8th century B.C.
178 Cup, Late Geometric. Pl. 10.
P 12438. Well, L 18:2. H. 0.064 m.; diam. 0.10 m.
Rim turned out and flattened on top. All glazed except disk on floor; top of rim and standing-surface reserved. On handle, horizontal lines, vertical lines at bend. Brown to black lustrous glaze.
Early last quarter of the 8th century B.C.
179 Cup, Late Geometric. P1. 10.
P 12447. Well, L 18:2. H. 0.074 m.
Half restored. On top of handle, ladder, below two lines crossing at bend. Dull black glaze.
Found in the same well as 178. The upright rim seems to be a variation concurrent with the normal short rim.
Wide flaring rim, deep body. Handle attached at rim with slight ridge to mark off its edge. Banding on top of rim, vertical lines on top of handle, horizontal below. Otherwise glazed to just above base. Black glaze.
Early 7th century B.c.
183 Cup, Subgeometric. P1. 10.
P 26485. Well, R 17:5. H. 0.08 m.; diam. at rim 0.093 m.
Plain base. Flaring rim. Reserved bands inside rim and on outside, below handle; crossing wavy lines on handle. Uneven brownish glaze.
Second quarter of the 7th century B.C.
184 Cup, Subgeometric. P1. 10.
P 22709. Well, 0 12:1. Brann F 38. H. 0.067 m.
For graffito Ara-raa• retrograde, see under Brann F 38. The graffito will be discussed by M. Guarducci in Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene, XXXVII-XXXVIII, 1959-1960.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.c.
185 Cup. P1. 10.
P 12592. Well, P 7:2. H. 0.05 m.; diam. 0.094 m.
Disk foot, band handle. Glazed inside except for reserved circle at bottom. Glazed part way down out- side, then band and rays. On underside of foot two fine concentric circles and dot. Uneven brown glaze.
Corinthian decor, cf. kotyle 168.
Third quarter of the 7th century B.C.
186 Cup, semi-black ware. P1. 10.
P 23439. Well, R 8:2. Brann G 25. H. 0.048 m.;
diam. at rim, 0.107 m.
A low Cretan cup of this sort, clearly of metallic origin, Hesperia, XIV, 1945, pl. XXI, 5, 6. 186 is very close to Mycenaean metal cups like Karo, Schachtgrdber von Mykenai, pl. CLXIV.
Late third or early fourth quarter of the 7th cen- tury B.C.
187 Cup, semi-black ware. P1. 10.
P 22536. Well,
Q
17:2. H. 0.043 m.; diam. 0.10 m.Disk foot. Dark red glaze, almost all worn off on outside. The latest of these cups approach more and more the Mycenaean forerunners; see Karo, Schacht- greber von Mykenai, pl. CXXVII.
188 Cup, angled shoulder. P1. 10.
P 5390. Well, F 12:5. H. 0.048 m.; diam. 0.101 m.
Disk foot, band handle. Mottled brown glaze all over.
Carinated bodies are characteristic of metal vases and those copied from metal, e. g. such Mycenaean cups as Bossert, The Art of Ancient Crete, figs. 150, 157; Karo, Schachtgriber von Mykenai, goblet, pl. CXII or cauldrons, pl. CLXI.
Third quarter of the 7th century B.C.
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54 CATALOGUE: COOKING WARE 189 Phaleron cup. P1. 10.
P 22425. Well, N 11:6. Brann R 17. H. 0.029 min.;
diam. 0.051 m.
Unglazed.
Early 7th century B.C.
190 Phaleron cup. P1. 10.
P 4963. Grave, G 12:14. Young IX 3. H. 0.052 m.
Wavy line on handle.
Late 8th century B.C.
191 Phaleron cup. P1. 10.
P 4964. Grave, G 12:14. Young IX 6. H. 0.05 m.
Bands and St. Andrew's crosses on handle.
Date same as 190; probably they were made at the same time.
192 Phaleron cup, Early Protoattic. P1. 10.
P 25789. Burial, Q 17:6. Hesperia, XXIX, 1960, p. 416, no. 6, pl. 92. H. 0.045 inm.; diam. 0.062 m.
Intact. On handle, ladder; panel framed by three vertical lines.
Early 7th century B.C.
193 Phaleron cup, Late Geometric. P1. 10.
P 4607. Grave, G 12:2. Young VII 5. H. 0.05 m.
Bird friezes go back to earliest times, and one can produce strange parallels: H. Frankfort, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient, Baltimore, 1955, p. 203, fig. 99, left, a prehistoric Iranian cup with very similar matchstick birds.
194 One-handled mug (2). Fig. 1, P1. 10.
P 10151. Well, T 19:3. H. 0.08 min.; diam. at rim 0.105 m.
Half, including handle, restored. High flaring walls, flat base. Glazed all over except for top of rim, standing surface.
Graffito [- -] arXose retrograde, the owner's name.
It is not certain that a handle need be restored though there seem to be no other Attic handleless 7th century kalathoi. The mug shape is reminiscent of a Mycenaean shape, e. g. B.S.A., XLII, 1947, second half of the 8th century the amphorae became both more shapely and more common. It was prob- ably at this time that they ceased to be used for cooking and began to be used for drawing water; for this latter purpose they were called kadoi in antiquity (Hesperia, XXVII, 1958, pp. 186-190).
The examples of the later 8th century (195) have thin walls, a long body and band handles with a rather flat loop. All kadoi have the neck and the shoulder in one curve. Some variants in use in the late 8th or earlier 7th century are spouted (198, 199);
these sometimes have incised decoration like cooking jugs. In the 7th century (200-202) the trend is toward a more visibly articulated ring foot, rolled handles arching out from the body contour, a more rounded body and a more flaring and more crisply finished rim. The same trend continues in the 6th century (P 18347).
Main references: Brann, E-H, pp. 316-317, also Brann N 17.
Like 195, but with rolled handles.
Latest 8th or early 7th century B.C.
197 Kados. P1. 11.
P 21433. Well, R 9:2. Brann P 25. H. 0.258 m.;
diam. 0.175 m.
Band handles.
Last quarter of the 8th century B.C.
198 Spouted kados, incised. P1. 11.
P 12174. Well, S 19:7. H. 0.20 m.; diam. 0.144 m.
Intact. Steep ring foot. Band handles with thumb mark at base, attached at rim which is "flattened on top. Rim drawn out to form spout. Incised ornament.
Cursory wavy double line on upper part of handles, double stippled line on rim where handles join. In back, double wavy line below rim; on neck, right angles edged with stippling; below, maeander-like stippled ornament; below, zigzag and double line with stippling. In front, stippled double zigzag;
below, panels with step ornament.
In the same well were two other kadoi one of which was 196. Another from Anavyssos, rpaKTIKr, 1911, stippling; below rim, double wavy line. Under spout, stippled battlement maeander; below, wavy line, stippled band, wavy double line. In back, on neck, four vertical bands, alternately empty and with crosses; below, two wavy double lines.
Dated as 198.
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CATALOGUE: COOKING WARE 55
Early last quarter of the 7th century B.C.
COOKING JUGS (P1. 11).
The deep jug, burnt down the front where it has stood on the edge of the hearth, is the principal shape made of cooking ware fabric. In the second half of the 8th century the jugs lose their former heaviness of fabric and their baggy shape to assume a more definite neck-shoulder curve and a fairly pointed body with small standing surface (203). At the same time large-sized jugs of similar shape are made; these usually have incised ornament and nipples on the shoulder (204). The jugs retain a band handle till after the middle of the 7th century (206). Towards the end of the century the rolled handle is used (208).
Also toward the end of the century a round-bottomed shape is introduced (210) which prevails in the 6th century (P 18532).
Main references: Brann E-H, p.317, Brann F 49ff., L 45. For incision see Kerameikos, V, 1, p. 139.
203 Cooking jug. P1. 11.
P 10585. Well, L 18:2. H. 0.204 m.; diam. 0.167 m.
Intact. Band handle, slightly burnt down front.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
204 Cooking jug, incised. P1. 11.
P 12116. Well, S 18:1. Brann L 47. H. 0.352 m.;
Thick band handle with depression at base, narrow flat base. Burnt in front.
Mid 7th century B.C.
208 Cooking jug. P1. 11.
P 17371. Well, M 11:3. Brann H 59. H. 0.145 in.;
diam. 0.127 m.
Late third quarter of the 7th century B.C.
209 Cooking jug. P1. 11.
P 10669. B 14:5. H. 0.142 m.; diam. 0.138 inm.
Flaring rim, flattened on top, band handle, small standing base. Burnt down front.
Last quarter of the 7th century B.C.
210 Cooking jug, round-bottomed. P1. 11.
P 10668. Storage pit, B 14:5. H. 0.285 m.; diam.
0.285 m.
Round body, pared on outside. Wide band handle, burnt outside.
This pot was found in the same deposit as the deep jug 209, and so must represent the time when the round bottomed pots were first introduced and used alongside the deeper jugs. The cause for their ap- pearance is very likely the increased use of cooking rings and braziers like 211 on which a round bottomed pot could be set securely, whereas before the jugs had to be propped against the curbing of the hearth.
The round-bottomed shape existed in Corinthian Geometric (A.J.A., XXXV, 1931, p. 414, fig. 8), but there is no evidence for it in Athens during the 8th and 7th centuries B.C. (Kerameikos, V, 1, pl. 155, inv.
355 may also be Corinthian).
Last quarter of the 7th century B.C.
VARIOUS SHAPES (P1. 11).
For bowls see under 618-622.
For brazier see under 623-627.
211 Brazier. P1. 11.
Handles set slightly below rim; slightly flattened standing surface. Rim drawn out to form a spout on one side.
The spherical shape is reminiscent of modern bowls made of half gourds with leather strap handles. Simi- lar, of the 6th century, Hesperia, IX, 1940, p. 256, no. 332, fig. 59.
Second half of the 7th century B.C.
OINOCHOAI (P1. 12).
Like the hydria, the cooking ware oinochoe is an invention of the later 8th century B.C. The earliest examples (213) have band handles; in the 7th century
© American School of Classical Studies at Athens For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
56 CATALOGUE: COARSE WARE AMPHORAE AND BASINS these change to rolled handles. As in the other shapes,
the body becomes steadily rounder, the rim more flaring, and toward the end of the century the foot begins to flare as well (216). This trend continues in the 6th century (P 12528).
213 Oinochoe. P1. 12.
P 20718. Well, R 10:5. H. 0.345 m.; diam. 0.24 m Broken at mouth, otherwise intact. Band handle with finger impression at base, slight ring foot. Deep oval body.
Late 8th century B.C.
214 Oinochoe. P1. 12.
P 26416. Well, R 17:5. Brann S 29. H. 0.245 m.;
diam. 0.18 m.
Second quarter of the 7th century s.c.
215 Oinochoe. Pl. 12.
P 22727. Well, 0 12:1. Brann F 48. H. 0.245 m.;
diam. 0.198 m.
Third quarter of the 7th century B.C.
216 Oinochoe. P1. 12.
P 3450. Well, 114:1. H. 0.23 m.; diam. 0.195 m.
Rounded body, rolled handle, slightly flaring narrow ring foot.
Late 7th or early 6th century B.C.
217 Trefoil-mouthed jug. P1. 12.
P 12604. Well, P 7:2. H. to rim 0.13 m.; diam.
0.125 m.
Round-bodied jug with well-marked ring foot, and low neck with trefoil rim. Double rolled handle with high loop.
This odd jug, though much discolored, is probably made of cooking fabric. It is not unlike the banded water jugs (cf. 88) in use at this time.
HYDRIAI (P1. 12).
There is no evidence that cooking ware hydriai were made before the late 8th century B.C., the earliest being Kerameikos, V, 1, pl. 155, grave 98.
218 is somewhat later, probably of the first half of the 7th century B.C., indicating the usual trend from long pots with shallow outlines to rounder more artic- restored; otherwise intact. Very low ring foot, verti-
cal band handle with finger depression at base. Deep oval body.
A coarse ware hydria from Corinth, earlier, Corinth, VII, i, pl. 13, no. 82.
Numerous Late Geometric pithoi are known: 220, of the third quarter of the 8th century, has a slightly flaring rim, a neck which makes one curve with the shoulder and a sack-like body contracting to a nar- row base. Young IX 1 is of the last quarter and shows little change. A pithos found near the Archaic Ceme- tery (Hesperia, XX, 1951, pp. 109-110, Grave 51, pl. 48, d) not certainly dated but probably of the 7th century, shows no change, neither does the frag- ment Brann F 55. Not until the 6th century do the pithoi change, acquiring a wide spreading rim and an offset neck (Hesperia, IX, 1940, p. 253, no. 324,
Intact, except for cracks. Flat, spread rim, flaring neck passing into body bulging toward bottom and contracting to small stump base. Pinkish buff clay with impurities; fired red in areas.
Pithoi of this sort are said by Milojce6 to be evi- dence of an 8th century invasion, because they seem to him reminiscent of Lausitz pottery, see Arch. Anz., LXIII-LXIV, 1948-1949, p. 34, fig. 4,6; this must be coincidence, for they are quite in line with earlier Attic pithoi.
Third quarter of the 8th century B.C.
COARSE WARE AMPHORAB AND BASINS (P1.
12).
221 Coarse ware amphora. P1. 12.
P 26465. Well, R 17:5. H. 0.65 m.; diam. 0.48 m.
Flaring rim, flattened on top, broad and long band handles attached below rim; neck and shoulder make one curve. Heavy, flaring, narrow ring foot. Body the 7th century, but Brann I 67 is an out-sized kados,