Miscellanea : A critical survey of the representation of the genus "Trichuris" in Ruminants in Indo-Pakistan
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(2) Sarwar,. A. Critical Survey of the Representution of the Cenus. -. ¦. 225. De plus, cette multiplication anisotypique, s'intriquant avec les phénomènes de lyse. fausse les pourcentages d'immobilisation et constitue très vraisemblablement une des causes des résultats paradoxaux auxquels nous avons fait allusion à la fin du paragraphe Evaluation de la survie D'une façon pratique, il semble qu'en dehors de la méthode classique de congélation, le procédé le plus simple et le plus efficace pour conserver la mobilité des Borrelia consiste à diluer le sang richement infesté au 1/8 en eau physiologique, à se débarrasser des globules rouges par décantation ou centrifugation à très faible pression (< 1.000 tours/minute) et à maintenir ce milieu à + 4° sans anaérobiose.. Bibliographie. Baseii.hac. A. (1955). Contribution à l'étude clinique et expérimentale des antigènes spirochétiens utilisés en intradermoréactions dans la syphilis. — Thèse Méd. Marseille.. Mollinedo.. K.. 11.. 11941). Essai sur le cycle. évolutif. des spirochetes.. — Thèse. Sci. Paris. Ranque. .b et Baseii.hac. A. (1957). Allergie culanée paraspécifique dans les syphilis spontanées et expérimentales. — Sem. Hôp. Pathologie et Biologie ,3.. 307-309.. Ranque. J.. Depieds, R. et Faure. A. (1950). Conservation de la virulence de Borrelia hispanica (souche Langeron) en Bull. Soc. Palli, exot. 'i9. 243-245. Stavitzky, Abram lì. (1948). Characteristics of Pathogenic Spirochetosis with Special Reference to the Mechanisms of. la mobilité et de serum dilué. —. Spirochetes and Host Resistance.. Bact. Rev. 12. 203-255.. From the London School of Hygiene. &. Tropical Medicine.. A Critical Survey of the Representation of the Genus Trichuris in Ruminants in Indo-Pakistan. By M. M. Sarwar. College of Animal Husbandry. Lahore.. Sprehn (1927) examined whipworm material from sheep and goats from slaughterhouses in Germany and from the Berlin Museum and found that Trichuris globulosa. which was previously only known to occur in camels, was quite common in sheep and goats. Baylis (1932). on finding a single female of Trichuris globulosa amongst material collected from a bull at Uganda, examined other material lying in the collection of Ihe British Museum (Natural History), previously determined as T. ovis, and discovered another live sets of specimens of T. globulosa originating from cattle, sheep and goats from Uganda, Zululand and Natal. Bayli.s (1932) concluded on the basis of these observations lhat T. globulosa is probably as common as '/'. ovis in domestic ruminants in Uganda and Zululand and probably East and South Africa. The observations by Orti.kpp (1937) on whipworms of ruminants in South Acta Tropica. 14,. .'Ì.. 1957. 17.
(3) Acta. 226. Irop. XIV.. 3, 1957. -. Miscellanea. Africa were very interesting in that he did not find a single example of T. ovis in the Trichuris collection of Onderstepoort Institute of Animal Industry, and all the whipworm collections had previously been identified as 7". ovis. He. however, stated that ". materials from various localities in South Africa in the collections of this institute which had been identified as T. ovis, have, on re-examination, proved lo belong practically all to the species 7\ globulosa. most striking, however, is that among this material Ihere is not a single example of '/'. ovis as redescribed by Baylis (1932) and by Chandler (1930)". It was primarily due to Ortlepp" s observations in South Africa thai Ihe present survey was undertaken. 'Ihe material, examined, comprised the following collections: 1. Two collections from sheep from Darjeeling. India, deposited in the British Museum (Natural History) by Lane in 1910. 2. Four collections from sheep by IL S. Gaiger, lying in the Parasitology Section of the College of Animal Husbandry. 3. Four collections lent lo Ihe author by Dr. IL D. SrivasTAVA. 1. Iwo collections from sheep from Fast Pakistan received through the courtesy of Officer-in-Charge, Pakistan Institute of Animal Husbandry. Comilla. 5. 'two collections troni British Museum labelled by Dr. H. A. Baylis as originating from Ovis vignei (India) dying in the London Zoological Gardens and determined by Dr. Baylis as T. ovis. 0. Two collections from chinkara deer (Gazella benetti) from Ihe Lahore Zoological Gardens. 7. Twenty two collections from cattle and buffaloes by Ihe author from the slaughterhouses al Sheikhupura and Lahore. 8. Collections from twenty two siiceli and goats by Ihe author from slaughterhouses at Lahore and Cboa Saidan Shah. 9. Collections (of which a precise record is not available) at the Indian Institute of Veterinary Research. Izalnagar. labelled as T. ovis by Dr. G. D.. Bhalerao.. The striking fact lhat emerged out of these studies was lhat not on a single occasion was any example having a resemblance to T. ovis detected in the collections. In all Ihe collections from sheep and goats T. skrjnbini. alone or in combination with '/'. globulosa. was found to occur. On the other hand. T. discolor, alone or in combination with I. globulosa. was found to occur in collections from cattle and buffaloes, 'fhe two collections determined by Dr. Baylis as T. ovis (originating from Ovis vignei. Indiai were found to belong entirely to the species I', skrjnbini and there was not a single example conforming to the description of T. ovis in either of Ihe Iwo collections. The results of a Iborough examination of 28 sheep and goats have been tabulated. The table contains information on worm burden, sex ratio and incidence of the species of Trichuris. From the table and from the other sources quoted elsewhere in the text, it is clearly borne out that T. skrjabini is the dominant Trichuris species in sheep, goats, Gazella benetti and Ovis vignei in India. Thapar and Singh (1954) described the life history of T. ovis troni sheep and goals in India. Thapar and Singh (1951) have offered a very brief and unsatisfactory account of Ihe morphology of the material and though not quite plain but evidently it is a mixed account of Ihe species T. globulosa and 7". skrjnbini. The spicular sheath in their drawing has a close resemblance to lhat of T. globulosa and not T.ovis. Their account of vulva and vagina is. on the other hand, suggestive of T. skrjabini. By far the most important reason lor suspecting the identity of the material studied by THAPAR and Singh (1954).
(4) Sarwar,. A. Critical Survey of the Representation of the Genus. TABLE Showing the Sex Ratio. Worm Burden and Incidence of the Species of the Genus Trichuris in Sheep and Goats in the Punjab-Pakistan. I.o.ality of examination. Hi lie of I'XiHI iiiiim. f'.hoa Saidan. 10. 7. 55. Shah 12.500 feet above sea level). 11. 7. 55 12. 7# 55 13. 7. 55 14 1. 1.. 7. 7.. 15. 7. 15. 7. 10. 7.. Lahore. (alluvial plain). 55 55 55 55 55. 18. 7. 55 19. 7. 20.. 7. 20. 7. 28. 7. 1. 8. 2. 4. 5. 8. 10.. 11.. 14. 18. 19.. 20. 21. 20.. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8.. 55 55 55 55 55 55 55. 55 55 55 55 55 55 55. 55 55 55. CS. ol. .him liai. Total number of worms collected. goal, young goal goat, e.1(1 sheep. young sheep. young sheep. young. goat, old goat, young sheep. young. — 82 170. T. Kl' ilmlosa Male Female. — 1. —. — 1. 38 53. 47. 117. — —. 4. 10. 3. 3. 26. 78. —. —. 17. 25. — —. —. 17. —. fi. 34 IS. 1. 15. 16. 4. 2. 4. —. —. —. 23. 4. 3. —. —. —. 85. 20. 20. 1. 2. 110 42 51. 24. 3. 1. T. ski- inbini Male I •Vinili. — —. 14. 35 23. goat goal goat goal goat goat goat goal. Num. 1er of wor ms of di! feien species •tiller led. 13. — 4. 12. 11. 34. — 3. 33 34. sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep. 9 8 1. — — — — 1. 5. — 8. — 15. 19 16. 1. 1. 4. 5. 1. 3. 4. 2. 1. 2. 2. 23. —. 1. 22. 54. 5. 4. —. —. —. 23 23. 1. 1. 0. 15. 1. 2. 13. /. —. appears to lie in the fact that throughout their account which also includes Ihe incidence of Trichuris in sheep and goats collected over a period of Iwo years, there is no mention at all of any other species, except ovis, as occurring in India. The author feels convinced that T. ovis must either be an extremely rare parasite or it may not al all occur in Indo-Pakistan. References.. Baylis. H.A.. 11932). Three notes on parasitic nematodes. — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 10. 10, 497-502. Ortlepp. R. J. 119371. Whipworms from South African ruminants. - Onder¬ stepoort J. Vet. Sci. .9. 91-100. Spiii'HN. C. 119271. Einige Bemerkungen über die Tricbocephalen der Wiederkäuer. — Zool. Anz. 70. 83-93. Thapar. G. S. & Singh. K. S. (1954). Studies on the life history ol Trichuris ovis (Abildgaard. 1795) (Family "I'richuridae: Nematoda). — Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Section B. Ì0. 69-88.'.
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