Prosodic FocusMarking in Ewe?

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Prosodic Focus Marking in Ewe? Marking in Ewe?

StefanieJannedy&InesFiedlerStefanie Jannedy & Ines Fiedler SFB 632 Information Structure HumboldtUniversityBerlinHumboldt University Berlin

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Intro Methods Data Cli

Structure of the Talk 1Introduction

Conclusions 1.Introduction 1.1Structure of the Talk 1.2Motivation 1.3Focus Expressions in Ewe 2.Methods 2.1Materials 2.2Recording Procedure 23AtiAli2.3Acoustic Analysis 3.Data 3.1Duration 3.2F0 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

4.Conclusions

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MotivationIntro Methods Data CliConclusions “Differentlanguagesemploydifferentmeansfortheformal expressionoffocus. Thusfocusmaybesignaledprosodicallybystressasisthe caseinEnglish. Somelanguagesexpressfocusmorphologicallybymeansof specialmorphemesandparticles.Thisisthesituationinppp manyAfricanlanguagesincludingEweandAkan.” (Ameka1992:3)(Ameka1992:3) 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Motivation Conclusions Questions: DoesEwealsouseprosodicmeanstoexpressfocus?Does Ewe also use prosodic means to express focus? Ifyeswhichkindsofprosodicmeansareused?If yes, which kinds of prosodic means are used? 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Motivation Hints for prosodic focus marking in the literature:

Conclusions 1.Möhlig (1971) Eweusesexpressivesprosodemes“:oneofthemforEweuses„expressivesprosodemes:oneofthem,for instance,servestoemphasizeawordorphrasebya higherrealizationofallhightonesintherespectivephrase 2.Lefebvre/Brousseau(2002:154)(onFon)2.Lefebvre/Brousseau (2002:154) (on Fon) Ifthe focussed element “is linked to the direct object position of theverb[.T]thereis ashortpauseafter[the p[]p[ focus marker] w...”Butifthefocussedelement“is linked to the subject position of the verb. (…), there is no pause bt dthb” 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

between w andtheverb,...”

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Motivation Conclusions Questions: DoesEweuseprosodicmeanstoexpressfocus?Does Ewe use prosodic means to express focus? ¾maybe?! Ifyeswhichkindsofprosodicmeansareused?If yes, which kinds of prosodic means are used? ¾F0-modulation ¾phrasing (pauses, lengthening etc.) 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Focus Expressions in Ewe Conclusions BasedontheliteratureitseemsthatthepragmaticcategoryBasedontheliterature,itseemsthatthepragmaticcategory ‘focus’ismostlyexpressedbymorpho-syntacticmeans. (egAmeka1992) Focus on the subject

(e.g. Ameka, 1992) [S-é] FocV O Focus on the object S V [O] FocS V [O] Foc [O-é] FocS V 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Intro Methods Data Cli

Materials 1""

Conclusions 1P[n"PWP[C"COGH nonH # H# nonH nonH womanknowperson ‘A/thewomanknowsthe/aperson’A/the woman knows the/a person. 2.P[n"PWP[C"On"C"H nonH # H#H H[[ womanknowway.DEF ‘A/the woman knows the way.’ 3.OCOC"P[C"On"C"nonH H # H#H H grandmaknowwayDEFgrandma know way.DEF ‘A/the grandmother knows the way.’ 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Materials 4"Ç""^C^onc

lusions 4P[n"PWÇWPW"YQ"H nonH # nonH # H H womaneatthing.pl ‘A/thewomanhaseatenthings’A/the woman has eaten things. 5.COGÇWCIDGnonH nonH # nonH # nonH nonHÇI personeatlife ‘A/the person has enjoyed life.’ 6.OCOC"ÇWCIDGnonH H # nonH# nonH nonH grandmaeatlifegrandma eatlife ‘A/the grandmother has enjoyed life.’ 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Conditions 1.Focus on the subject(42 utterances)

Conclusions Q: Who knows the person? A:S + FMV O P[n"PWG"P[C"COGP[nPWGP[CCOG 2.Focusontheobject(ex-situ)(39utterances)2.Focusontheobject(exsitu)(39utterances) Q: Whom does the woman know? A:O + FMS V """COGG"P[n"PWP[C" 3Focusontheobject(in-situ)(36utterances)3.Focusontheobject(in-situ)(36utterances) Q: Whom does the woman know? A:SV O 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006P[n"PWP[C"COG

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Recording Procedure Rdid^C^onc

lusions Recordings were made: -in a sound attenuated recording booth -with one male educated speaker of A0Nn at44Khzindigitalformat-at 44Khz in digital format -reading lists (question-answer paradigms): dd(tlt)fitihtiidifftrecorded (at least) five times, each time in a different randomized order Æat least five tokens per sentence type 6 sentences x 3 conditions x at least 5 repetitions > 90 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Recording Procedure Fthtt

Conclusions For these utterances -the speech stream was annotated phonemically in Praat -the duration of each phoneme was calculated via a script theF0wascalculatedandtimenormalizedviaascript-the F0 was calculated and time-normalized via a script 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Acoustic Analysis Conclusions SampleofPraatLabelingSample of Praat Labeling file: SoundpressurewaveformSound pressure wave form Spectrogram with overlaid fdtlf(F0)fundamental frequency (F0) contour segmentation window with transcription 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Intro Methods Data CliDuration –object focus in-situ Conclusions 0,20,250,3 n=5 0,20,250,3 n=5subject verb1.4. 0

0,050,1

0,15 1

nynynouaame 0

0,050,1

0,15 1

nyoonuuund

verb object final phone P[n"PWP[C"COG 0,250,3 n=6 0,250,3 n=6P[n"PWÇWPW"YQ"p 2.5. 0

0,050,1

0,150,2 1

nynyoonuama 0

0,050,1

0,150,2 1

aameudgbe 025

0,3 n=8

P[n"PWP[C"On"C" 020,3 n=6

COGÇWCIDG 36 0,050,10,150,20,25 mmmaaaaony0,050,10,150,20,25 bd

3.6. 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

0 1

mmmaaaaony OCOC"P[C"On"C"

0 1

mmaaaugbed OCOC"ÇWCIDG

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Intro Methods Data CliDuration –SubjectFocus Conclusions 0,250,30,35 [n=8]subject 1. 0

0,050,1

0,150,2 ewe3_1dxnynyonueaameverb bjt

FOC marker P[n"PWG"P[C"COG 025

0,30,35 [n=6]

object final phone 2 0

0,050,1

0,150,2

0,25 nynynyonueaamo

[n6] 2. P[n"PWG"P[C"COG

ny 030,35 3 0,050,10,150,20,250,3 [n=7]3. 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006OCOC"G"P[C"On"C"⁰

1mmmaaeaaony

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Intro Methods Data CliDuration –SubjectFocus Conclusions 0,250,30,35 [n=7]subject 4. 0

0,050,1

0,150,2 1nyonueduuonverb bjt

FOC marker 0,30,35=d [n=7]

P[n"PWG"ÇWPW"YQ"object final phone 5. 0

0,050,1

0,150,2

0,25 aameedugbe

[n=7]5. 0,35

0 ewe3_3dd COGG"ÇWCIDG 6 0,050,10,150,20,250,3 [n=7]6. 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

0

0,05 1mmaaedeuagb OCOC"G"ÇWCIDG

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Intro Methods Data CliDuration –Subjectvs.Objectex-situ Focus Conclusions 0,250,3

0,35 [n=6] 0,250,30,35 [n=8]object 1. 0

0,050,1

0,150,2 1aaeemnyonuny 0

0,050,1

0,150,2 ewe3_1dxnynyonueaame

FOC marker b

subject COGG"P[n"PWP[C" 025

0,30,35 [n=6]

P[n"PWG"P[C"COG 025

0,30,35 [n=6]

verb final phone 2. 0

0,050,1

0,150,2

0,25 1moaenynyonua

[n6] 0

0,050,1

0,150,2

0,25 nynynyonueaamo

[n6]2. On"C"G"P[n"PWP[C"P[n"PWG"P[C"COG

ny 030,35 030,35 3 0,050,10,150,20,250,3 [n=7] 0,050,10,150,20,250,3 [n=6] 3. 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006OCOC"G"P[C"On"C"⁰

1mmmaaeaaony0 1mmmaaaaoeny On"C"G"OCOC"P[C"

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Intro Methods Data CliDuration –Subjectvs. Objectex-situ Focus Conclusions 0,250,30,35 [n=7]0,250,3

0,35 [n=6]object 4. 0

0,050,1

0,150,2 1nyonueduuon 0

0,050,1

0,150,2 1nuuoenyonud

FOC marker b

subject 0,3

0,35=d [n=7]

0,30,35 [9]

P[n"PWG"ÇWPW"YQ"PW"YQ"G"P[n"PWÇWverb final phone 5. 0,050,1

0,150,2

0,25 aameedugbe

[n=7] 0

0,050,1

0,150,2

0,25 aagbeeemud

[n=9]5. 0,35

0 ewe3_3ddaameedugbe COGG"ÇWCIDG

0 1g CIDGG"COGÇW 0,35 6 0,10,150,20,250,3 [n=7] 0,1

0,150,2

0,250,3 [n=6]6. 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

0

0,05 1mmaaedeuagb OCOC"G"ÇWCIDG

0

0,05 1aaagbeemmud CIDGG"OCOC"ÇW

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Intro Methods Data CliDuration -Results ALiMidEfftMdlAthdtifth

Conclusions ALinearMixedEffectsModelAnovaonthedurationofthe FocusMarkerinS+FMversusO+FMshowsasignificant effect:effect: p.< .05, df=1, F=15.77 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Intro Methods Data CliDuration –Summary and Conclusion ThfkithitbjtOFMidd

Conclusions Thefocusmarkerintheex-situobjectO+FMisproduced reliablylongerbythisspeakerthanintheS+FMcondition. S-Foc: lengthening as indicator for focus O-Foc:lengtheningasindicatorforclausalOFoc:lengthening as indicator for clausal boundary and focus (compounding effect) 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Intro Methods Data CliF0 Conclusions 180190 n=6Subject Focus with Marking 120130140150160170 8090

100

110

120 nyonuenyaame

HH-Focnon-HH//non-Hnon-H 170180190 n=5Object Focus no Marking 120130140150160170 8090

100

110 nyonunyaame

Hnon-HH/non-Hnon-H/ 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Intro Methods Data CliF0 Conclusions Subject Focus (with FM) TilidF0t 140150160170180190 n = 6Time-normalizedF0 contours x-axes: phonemes 8090

100

110

120

130 HH-FocMHHH//

y-axes: F0 P[n"PW"G"P[C"On"C"80 nynyonueamoa Object Focus (no Marking)

[[ 160170180190 n=6 100110120130140150 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

80

90 nynyonuamoa

Hnon-HHHH//P[n"PWP[C"On"C"

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100

110

120 mmaaaenymao

non-HH-FocHHHH// 170180190 n=6Object Focus no Marking 120130140150160170 8090

100

110 mmaaaamnyo

non-HHHHH// 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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100

110

120 nyonuuednuoHH-Focnon-Hnon-HHH// Object Focus no Marking 170180190 n=5 120130140150160170 8090

100

110 nyonuuduon

Hnon-HLHH//non-H 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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100

110 ameeduagbe

non-HH-Focnon-Hnon-Hnon-Hnon-H// 170180190 n=6Object Focus no Marking 120130140150160 8090

100

110 ameduagbe

non-Hnon-Hnon-Hnon-Hnon-H// 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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100

110 mmaaeduagbe

non-HHH-Foc//non-Hnon-Hnon-H Object Focus no Marking 170180190 n=6 120130140150160 8090

100

110 mmaaadugbe

non-HHLLL//non-Hnon-Hnon-H 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Intro Methods Data CliF0 –Comparison: O-Foc in-situvs.S-Foc Conclusions 160170180190 P[n"PWÇWPW"YQ" P[n"PWP[C"COG160170180190 90

100

110

120

130

140

150 P[n"PWG"ÇWPW"YQ"vs.[[ P[n"PWG"P[C"COGvs. 90

100

110

120

130

140

150 160170180190 160170180190

70

80 nyonu(e)dunuo//Hnon-Hnon-HH-FocHH ÇD""""

70

80 nyonu(e)nyaame

Hnon-H(H-Foc)Hnon-Hnon-H// 90100110120130140150160 90

100

110

120

130

140

150COGÇWCIDG COGG"ÇWCIDGvs.P[nPWP[COnC P[n"PW"G"P[C"On"C"vs. 708090 ame(e)duagbe

non-Hnon-Hnon-Hnon-Hnon-H//(H-Foc) 170180190

70

80

90 nyonu(e)nyamoa//Hnon-H(H-Foc)HHH "ÇD

170

180

190 100110120130140150160OCOC"ÇWCIDG OCOC"G"ÇWCIDGvs.OCOC"P[C"On"C" OCOC"G"P[C"On"C"vs. 110120130140150160170 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

70

80

90100 mama(e)duagbe

non-HHH-Focnon-Hnon-Hnon-H// 70

80

90100 mama(e)nyamoa//non-HHH-FocHHH

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100

110

120

130

140

100

110

120

130

140

150 160170180190 160170180190

70

80 nyonu(e)nyaame

100

110

120

130

140

70

80

170

180

190 100110120130140150160OCOC"ÇWCIDG OCOC"G"ÇWCIDGvs.OCOC"P[C"On"C" """""vs. 110120130140150160170 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

70

80

90100 mama(e)duagbe

non-HHH-Focnon-Hnon-Hnon-H//OCOCGP[COnC 708090

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Intro Methods Data CliF0 -Comparison Conclusions Overlay of neutral reading & ObjectfocusinsituforsixsentencetypesObject focus in-situ for six sentence types 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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100

110

120

130

140

100

110

120

130

140

150 160170180190 160170180190

70

80 nyonu(e)nyaame

100

110

120

130

140

70

80

170

180

190 100110120130140150160OCOC"ÇWCIDG OCOC"G"ÇWCIDGvs.OCOC"P[C"On"C" """""vs. 110120130140150160170 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

70

80

90100 mama(e)duagbe

non-HHH-Focnon-Hnon-Hnon-H//OCOCGP[COnC 708090

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Intro Methods Data CliConclusions DoesEwealsouseprosodicmeanstoexpressfocus?Does Ewe also use prosodic means to express focus? Yes! There is evidence for duration(lengthening of FM) to play a (tertiary) role, supporting syntactic structure. S Foc|V O O|SVO Foc|S V There is evidence for F0(compression of postfocal material)toplaya(secondaryortertiary)role 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

material) to play a (secondary or tertiary) role.

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Intro Methods Data CliSConclusionsSummary

[S-é]

Foc

V O S V [O]

Foc

[O-é]

Foc

S V

Syntax?-9 Morphology9-9 Phonology: duration9-9 F09-? 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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[S-é]

Foc

V O S V [O]

Foc

[O-é]

Foc

S V

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[S-é]

Foc

V O S V [O]

Foc

[O-é]

Foc

S V

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Intro Methods Data CliConclusions

Thank y ou! y

36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

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Intro Methods Data CliConclusions Dr. Stefanie JannedyDr. Ines Fiedler Project D3 „Signal Parameters Connected to Prominence and Phrasing within Spoken Utterance in Different Languages“

Project B1 "Focus in Gur and Kwa Languages" SFB 632 „Information Structure“ Humboldt University Berlin LocationMohrenstr4041

SFB 632 "Information Structure" Humboldt University of Berlin LocationMohrenstr4041Location: Mohrenstr. 40-41 Unter denLinden 6 D-10099 Berlin Germany

Location: Mohrenstr. 40-41 Unter denLinden 6 D-10099 Berlin GermanyGermany e-mail: jannedy@ling.ohio-state.edu

Germany e-mail: ines.fiedler@staff.hu-berlin.de http://www.sfb632.uni-potsdam.de/http://www2.hu- berlin.de/gur_und_kwa_fokus 36th CALL, Leiden 28-30 August 2006

http://www.sfb632.uni-potsdam.de/