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Microstructural analysis of the NEEM ice core, Greenland by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)

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後方散乱電子回折(EBSD)によるグリーンランド NEEM アイスコアの結晶組織解析

繁山航1, 2,永塚尚子2,本間智之3,高田守昌3,東久美子2, 1,Ilka Weikusat 4

Martyn R. Drury 5,Ernst-Jan N. Kuiper 5,Gill M. Pennock 5,Ramona V. Mateiu 6,東信彦 3,Dorthe Dahl-Jensen 7

Microstructural analysis of the NEEM ice core, Greenland by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)

Wataru Shigeyama1, 2, Naoko Nagatsuka2, Tomoyuki Homma3, Morimasa Takata3, Kumiko Goto-Azuma2,1, Ilka Weikusat4, Martyn R. Drury5, Ernst-Jan N. Kuiper5, Gill M. Pennock5, Ramona V. Mateiu6, Nobuhiko Azuma3, and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen7

1 Department of Polar Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Japan

2 National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan

3 Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan

4 Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany

5 Faculty of Earth Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands

6 Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark

7 Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Mass loss of the Greenland ice sheet is accelerating, which is attributed to increased ice stream discharge and changes in surface mass balance including increased runoff. Ice stream discharge is caused by both ice deformation and basal sliding. For better projection of future mass loss, it is important to understand deformation mechanisms of polycrystalline ice in ice sheet.

Deformation properties of polycrystalline material are related to its microstructure (e.g. crystal grain orientation and size). As recrystallization and recovery are occurring together in ice sheet, analysis of microstructure of ice is essential. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a method for measuring crystal lattice orientation with high angular and spatial resolutions.

Both c- and a-axes of ice can be measured. We analyzed Greenland NEEM ice core and the preliminary result shows that most subgrain boundaries (SGBs) observed by optical microscopy have lattice misorientations < 4°. This result is in accordance with analyses of Antarctic EDML ice core by X-ray diffractometry while it differs from threshold angle of SGB/GB estimated with a dislocation theory. The observation results from ice sheet ice could contribute to better estimations of strain rate by models based on microstructural processes.

グリーンランド氷床の質量は最近減少しているが,これは氷流の流速増加及び融解量増加等による氷床表面質量 収支の減少によって引き起こされている.氷床の多結晶氷の変形メカニズムの理解は,質量減少の理解や将来予 測の高精度化のため重要である.多結晶材料の変形には結晶組織(結晶方位・粒径等)が深く関連している.氷 床では,再結晶・回復による結晶組織の変化が多様であるため,変形メカニズムの理解には,結晶組織解析が不 可欠である.後方散乱電子回折(EBSD)は氷のc・a軸方位を高い角度・空間分解能で測定できる方法である.本 研究では,EBSD を用いてグリーンランド NEEM アイスコアの結晶組織解析を行った.その結果,光学顕微鏡か ら観察される亜結晶粒界の結晶方位差は約4°以下であることが示唆された.これは南極EDMLアイスコアのX線 回折による解析結果と同様であるが,転位理論による亜結晶粒界-結晶粒界の閾値とは異なっている.これらの 氷床氷の解析結果は,結晶組織変化に基づくひずみ速度の見積もりの高精度化に貢献すると考えられる.

1総合研究大学院大学

2国立極地研究所

3長岡技術科学大学

4アルフレッド・ウェゲナー極地海洋研究所

5ユトレヒト大学

6 デンマーク工科大学

7 コペンハーゲン大学

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