B 0 L T
BERANEK AND NEWMAN
INCC O N S U L T I N G D E V E L O P M E N T R E S E A R C H
i~---
CAMBRIDGE
Manual for the
IMP-1~Special Interface to the Interface Message Processor
and the! ARPA Computer Network
October 1973
Computer Systems Division Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.
50 Moulton Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
NEW YORK CHICAGO LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO
Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.
Manual for the
IMP-l~Special Interface to the Interface Message Processor
and the ARPA Computer Network
October 1973
Computer Systems Division Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.
50 Moulton Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
· 1 1.
2.
3.
INTRODUCTION.
INSTALLATION . . • . . INTERFACE OPERATION .
. . • 3
4.
3.1 Error Detection Logic. • . • • . 3.2 Operation of the Host-to-IMP Section . . 3.3 Operation of the IMP-to-Host Section . . LOG I C D RAW IN G S. . . . -. . . • • • . • . • •
. . ..
5. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM AND PROGRAM LISTINGS
6. WIRE LISTS . . • . . . • II) 0 • • 0 • • • • • • •
APPENDIX A Selections from Report 1822 . . . •
• • 5 8 8
• 12 14
· • 26
· . 31
\ '
• • Al APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
Devi ce Codes. . . . . • . . . · B1
Card Layout, Special Cards, Delay Settings Cl
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1. INTRODUCTION
The ARPA Network is being constructed to provide a capability for geographically-separated Host computers to communicate with each other. However, Host computers generally differ from one another in manufacturer, type, size, speed, word length, operating systems, etc. To allow these different computers to communicate, each Host is connected into the network through an Interface
Message Processor (IMP) located on the Host premises. The
complete network is formed by interconnecting these IMPs through wideband communication lines (initially 50 kilobits/sec) supplied by the telephone company. Each IMP is then programmed to store and forward messages to the neighboring IMPs in the network.
During a typical operation, a Host passes a message to its IMP.
This message is then passed from IMP to IMP through the network until it finally arrives at the destination IMP, which passes the message to the destination Host.*
The interconnection of a Host and an IMP is a joint effort that requires the Host personnel to provide,interfacing hardware and software. Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. (BBN) has built a special interface to connect the IMP to a Digital Equipment Corp.
PDP-10 Host computer. This report describes the design, in- stallation, and operation of such a special interface.
Appendix A to this report reproduces Section 4 of the BBN Report No. 1822, "Specifications for the Interconnection of a Host and an IMP", which discusses the hardware requirements for
the special Host/IMP interface unit and describes the standard
*The initial IMP design is described in Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. Report No. 1763 (January 1969), AD-682-905. The specifica- tions for IMP-Host interconnection are described in BBN Report No. 1822 (February 1970).
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Host/IMP interface unit in the IMP.
Appendix B contains the device code and jumpering for specific installations.
Appendix C contains miscellaneous specific details of the hardware, including drawings of the display panel circuitry.
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2. INSTALLATION
The interface will normally connect to an IMP that is no more than 30 feet from the interface. A special Distant Host option is required if the IMP is between 30 and 2000 feet from the interface. This option includes special cable drivers and receivers required to deal with the Distant Host version of the standard interface on the IMP itself.
The
IMP-l~interface deals with the PDP-lO I/O BUS ex-
clusively. The interface is built out of DEC R, B, and W-series modules, mounted in two Type 1943 mounting panels. A Type 728 power supply is supplied, together with a Type 844 power control for protecting the I/O BUS circuits during power turn-on and turn-off. The circuit breaker and power switch on the back of the 844 control power to the interface.
The interface mounts in a PDP-10 rack, occupying 10-1/2 inches of front panel space for two baskets of logic cards, and 16 inches of back panel space for the 728 power supply and 844 power controller. The 5 1/411 display panel mounts at the front of the rack in the usual manner. Standard single-phase 115-volt power" with a third-wire ground should be provided by the Host.
The Host should also provide switched l15-volt power to drive the remote control relays in the 844.
The I/O BUS plugs into slots 25 through 28, and slots 29 through 32 of racks C and D, the lower basket. A type H004 block is supplied for mounting the I/O BUS connectors.
The IMP cable plugs into slot Dl, or, in the case of a distant Host, Dl and D2.
The device selection code is determined by jumpers on the W990 modules in slots D6 and D7. The jumpers should be placed as follows:
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In order to effect the
device code in bit no. 3
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56 7 8 9
then pin E J M E J M R
on the
W990
inD6 D6 D6 D7 D7 D7 D7
should be connected
(to get a 0) to pin F K N F K N S or (to get a 1) to pin
D
H L D H L P the specific jumpering used, see AppendixB.
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3 • I N T E R FA CEO P
E RA T
IONTo the program, the entire full duplex interface appears as a single device that has one DATAO (Data Out), one DATAl
(Data In), and one CONO (Conditions Out), and one CONI (Conditions In) instruction. Three interrupts are employed - - to indicate completion of an output word, completion of an input word, and completion of a message received from the IMP. These interrupts may be individually program-assigned to any of the seven inter- rupt channels. Thus, BLKO and BLKI instructions may reside in dedicated interrupt locations, or one interrupt routine may service two or all three interrupts, doing DATAO and DATAl
instructions functions. (Figure 1 shows the I/O Bus connections.) Communication from the PDP-IO to the IMP is started by a
DATAO from the PDP-IO. The interface will cause an interrupt on the "out" line to the PDP-IO on the 35th bit of each word.
The PDP-IO may then respond either with an additional DATAO, which transmits thenext word, or with a CONO, with the "END OUT"
bit set (see Figure 2). In the latter case, the interface will transmit the last bit to the IMP, with the "last bit" indicator set, and then interrupt the PDP-IO again. The PDP-IO may now respond either with another DATAO, to st~rt transmitting a new buffer to the IMP, or with a CONO with the "STOP OUT" bit set, which merely clears the interrupt. Input from the IMP to the
PDP-IO will cause an interrupt on the IN line each time a com- 'plete word is available. Upon receipt of the "last bit" in-
dicator from the IMP, the interface will pad with zeroes to the end of a PDP-IO word and then cause an interrupt, both on the IN line~ to indicate a full word, and on the END IN line, to indicate end of message. Note that the IN interrupt should be honored first, to complete the message, before servicing
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FIGURE 1 - I/O BUS CONNECTIONS
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the completed buffer. However, the state of the END IN line should be tested before executing the DATAl or BLOCKI, i f the two are
being serviced at the same priority level, since a new word (the last) may have come in between the execution of the DATAl and the next instruction. If that instruction concludes that the word i t just took was the last, a word will be lost.
3.1 Error Detection Logic
IMP failures are indicated by an opening of the IMP relay that connects the IMP Ready Test (ground) to the IMP Master
Ready line in the Host/IMP cable (see Figure 3). The IMP Master Ready line provides a bit in the CONI word and any opening of the IMP's relay is captured in the IMP-Has-Been-Down flip-flop, which provides another bit in the CONI word. This bit is cleared by one bit of the CONO instruct~on. Thus, the PDP-IO program can at any time test the state of the IMP. In addition, an IN END interrupt will be generated whenever the IMP becomes not ready.
The PDP-IO has a corresponding relay which is controlled by a bit in the CONO word. If the CONO IMP is issued with this bit clear, the relay is closed. If this bit is set on the CONO, the relay will open, and the Host will appea~ unready. The relay is also opened by CROBAR from the
844,
or by lOB Reset.3.2 Operation of the Host-to-IMP Section
Figure
4
is a block diagram of the logic of the Host-to-IMP section. lOB reset presets the FIRST flip-flop to one. Upon receipt of the first DATAO from the PDP-IO, the 36-bit shift register is loaded from the 36 data lines. The MARK bit, to the right of the shift register, is set to one. One microsecond later, the shift register is shifted left by one position and the left-most bit appears in the HSDTA flip-flop and on the Host8
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FIGURE 3 - ERROR DETECTION LOGIC
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Data Line. The FIRST flip-flop is cleared at this point and the Bit Available (BTAVL) flip-flop is set. At that time, if the IMP is holding the Ready-For-Next-Bit (RFNHB) line true
(or shortly after the IMP brings this line true), the There's- Your-Host-Bit (TYHB) line is brought true. When the IMP indicates that i t has taken the bit, by bringing the Ready-For-Next-Host-Bit line false, the pulse generator is fired, shifting the buffer one bit to the left. A short time later, the interface again becomes ready to give a bit to the IMP. On each shift, zeroes move into the right end of the register.
This process continues for 35 bits. When the IMP confirms taking the 35th bit, the interface shifts the 36th bit into HSDTA and turns on the PlaUT flip-flop whichpresents an OUT
interrupt request to the PDP-IO. It also clears the Bit Available . flip-flop, so that the IMP will not be given the There's-Your-
Host-Bit signal (for the 36th bit) until the program has given the interface more information.
To send more words to the interface, the PDP-IO does further DATAO's (or a BLKO, wh1c~ looks like a DATAO to the interface).
Note that the "preshift", one microsecond after the DATAO, does not occur on words other than the first, since the FIRST flip- flop 1s not set. The DATAO causes the data word to be loaded into the shift register, puts a one into the MARK bit and turns on BTAVL. This gives the IMP the last bit of the previous word
(which has been held in the HSDTA flip-flop of the shift register), followed by the first 35 bits of the present word.
This process will continue until, after one of the interrupts, the PDP-lO informs the interface via CONO END OUT that the previous word was the last word of the message. At this point, the inter-
face will raise the Last-Host-Bit line and pass the last bit of
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the previous word to the IMP. The CONO END OUT also turns the FIRST flip-flop back on, so that the first DATAO of the next message will cause the "preshift" to occur.
When the IMP confirms receipt of the last bit, by bringing down the Ready-For-Next-Host-Bit line, the interface again inter- rupts the PDP-10. The PDP-10 may clear this interrupt either by
a
CONO STOP OUT, or by the first DATAa
of a new buffer.3,.
30
per'at ion
0 fthe IMP - to .. H
0s t Sec t ion
Figure 5 is a block diagram of the logic of the IMP-to-Host section. lOB reset sets the I'm-Ready-For-Next-Bit (IRFNB) flip-
flop. Upon receipt of a bit from the IMP, as indicated by the There's-Your-IMP-Bit (TYIMB) line coming true, the INPUT shift register is shifted 'one position to the left. Successive TYIMB's have the same effect until MARK bit is shifted into the leftmost position, indicating that the buffer is full. This causes an interrupt request on the IN line, and also clears the IRFNB flip- flop, to prevent bringing up the Ready-For-Next IMP-Bit line until the word has been taken by the PDP-10.
The trailing edge of the DATAl instruction clears the
buffer, sets the MARK bit, and raises the Ready-For-Next-IMP-Bit (RFNIB) line.
Upon receipt of the Last IMP bit indication, the interface clears the IRFNB flip-flop, to prevent bringing the Ready-For-Next IMP-Bit line true, and checks whether the input buffer is full.
If it is full, an interrupt request is raised on the END IN line.
If not, additional shift pulses are generated until the buffer is full. Note that the IMP Data line is gated off during this period by the falsity of the IRFNB flip-flop, thus forcing zeroes to be shifted into the buffer.
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4. LOGIC DRAWINGS
This section contains the following illustrations:
Figure 6 IMP Error Detection Logic Figure 7 Pl OUT Channel Assignment Figure 8 Pl IN Channel Assignment Figure 9 Pl END IN Channel Assignment
Figure 10 I/O BUS Data Line Drivers-Receivers Figure 11 I/O BUS Control, Host Ready Logic Figure 12 Device Selection, Initialization Figure 13 -- Host-to-IMP (Output) Buffer
Figure 14 -- Host-to-IMP (Output) Control Logic Figure 15 IMP-to-Host (Input) Buffer
Figure 16 -- IMP-to-Host (Input) Control Logic
Figure 17a-- Local Host, Line Drivers and Receivers
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