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ZSI - Ideenwerkstatt 1 20. 12. 2012

Soziale Innovation - Begrifflichkeit, Theorieansätze

Theorieentwicklung in progress

Josef Hochgerner Zentrum für Soziale Innovation

Social change, development, crisis and ‚Grand Challenges‘:

Resources and solutions Evolution

of Brains

Innovative Technologies

Why SOCIAL Innovation ?

Social Innovations

>> Cultural Evolution

Collaborative intelligence& intelligent collaboration

(2)

WHY SOCIAL INNOVATION NOW ?

Themostfamoussteamengine- OptimisedbyJames watt, 1776„HumansbyDesign“: Optimisationin the21stc.? „Brave New World“: Optimisationof human bevaiourin socialsystems20th century

Innovations embedded in social change

Acceleration ‚speed kills‘

Pressures

„Work-Life Balance“

Work-load

Weak ties in social relations: ‚Flexibility‘

Standardisation

The emergence of social innovation in science, politics, business

and civil society

Institute of Social Invention London, 1985

‚CRISES‘, Canada U. Of Quebec, 1988

Centre for Social Innovation Vienna, 1990

Social Innovation Ltd.

Dortmund, 1994

Center for Social Innovation Stanford U., 2000

... more CSI‘s:2004 onwards e.g. Canada, NL, AUS, NZ, COL ...

European Social Agenda EC, 2008 Business Panel: Future

of Innov. EC, 2009 BEPA Report EC, 2010 Flagship Innovation Union

EC, 2010

Theoretical precursors(e.g.)

National policies and strategy RTDI-Programmes 2010 ff

>Social Innovation Europe<

EC, 2011 Research: FP7 EC, 2011 Horizon 2020

Schumpeter, 1912 William Ogburn, 1922

‚Cultural lag‘

Horace Kallen, 1949 Stuart Conger, 1974

‚SocialInvention‘

SozialMarie, AT Award f SI - 2005 Office of Social Innovation

White House 2009

Asian SI Award Hong Kong 2011 UN Off. of Partnerships:

Global Summit-2012

Institutional/ policysupporton EU & national levels UN: EC·LAC: Award

f Soc. Exp. , 2004

Organisationsin scienceand practice

(3)

Innovations are ‚changes or novelties of rites, techniques, customs, manners and mores.‘

Horace Kallen, 1932: Innovation, in: Encyklopedia of the Social Sciences; Vol. 8; pp. 58ff.

****

Approaching the social dimensions of innovation

‘Innovation is not just an economic mechanism or a technical process. It is above all a social phenomenon.

Through it, individuals and societies express their creativity, needs and desires.

By its purpose, its effects or its methods, innovation is thus intimately involved in the social conditions in which it is produced.’

European Commission, 1995: Green Paper on Innovation

http://europa.eu/documents/comm/green_papers/pdf/com95_688_en.pdf

ALL INNOVATIONS ARE SOCIALLY RELEVANT

• Schulpflicht; Schulformen; pädagog./didaktische Konzepte;

technologie-unterstütztes Lernen; Web 2.0; Wikipedia …

• Gewerkschaften; Gruppenarbeit; Kurzarbeit/Arbeitszeitkonten;

Selbstbedienung, CSR, Sozialunternehmen, Open Innovation …

• Unternehmenstheater für verbesserte interne Kommunikation;

Sozialarbeit mit Arbeitslosen – Ziel Wiedereinstellung …1)

• Normen; Durchsetzung von Standards; Verkehrsregeln;

Führerschein; Straßenampeln; technology assessment…

• Der Staat als juristische Person; (allgemeines) Wahlrecht;

Verwaltungsprozeduren; Kontrolleinrichtungen ...

• Soziale Vorsorgesysteme und Formen ihrer Finanzierung (z.B.

Versicherungsprinzip vs. Steuern); Gemeinschaftspraxen … Bildung und

Weiterbildung Arbeit, Beschäftigung, Wirtschaft

Diversity Management und Zukunftsvorsorge Technologien, Maschinen Demokratie und Politik

Sozialsystem und Gesundheitswesen

Verbreitete, teils historische und institutionalisierte soziale Innovationen

Bereiche gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung

BEISPIELE SOZIALER INNOVATIONEN

1) Beispiele aus Kesselring/Leitner, Soziale Innovation in Unternehmen; ZSI-Studie 2008: https://www.zsi.at/object/publication/1444

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„Soziale Innovationen sind

neue soziale Praktiken zur Bewältigung sozialer Herausforderungen,

die von den betroffenen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen angenommen und genutzt werden“

„Soziale Innovation“ – analytisch definiert *)

*)Zentrum für Soziale Innovation, 2012:

„Alle Innovationen sind sozial relevant“ – ZSI-Discussion Paper 13, S. 2.

WAS IST INNOVATIV – z. B. in der Bildung ?

Neu

Innovation Alt

Soziales Problem

z.B. in der Schule

Neu Alt

Idee und Methode der Problemlösung Soziale Innovation:

Eine neue, gezielte und erfolgreiche Lösung für ein soziales Problem

„Erfolgreich“ heißt: Die Lösung funktioniert, wird angenommenund findet Verbreitung.

„Sozial unter- schiedl. Erfolg“

„Internet, video games“

Individuelle Förderung; Schul-

organisation Anwendung von Kontrolle,

Restriktionen

Erfolgskriterium

» Potenzial- statt Defizitansatz

Einsatz sozialer Kompetenzen, inter-

generationelles Lernen

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The „4-i process“:

– Ideation

>> What‘s the issue, what could be the solution?

– Intervention >> Conceptualisation, find methods and allies – Implementation >> Overcoming resistance, stakeholders, life cycle!

– Impact

>> Not necessarily ‚good‘, nor for the whole of society

Ideation Intervention Implementation Impact

The making of social innovation

Three perspectives to analyse objectives and impact:

the „social demand“ perspective,

the „societal challenges“ perspective, and the „systemic change“ perspective.

Agnès Hubert et al. (BEPA – Bureau of European Policy Advisors)

„Empowering people – driving change. Social Innovation in the European Union.“

http://ec.europa.eu/bepa/pdf/publications_pdf/social_innovation.pdf

Social innovations & social change Key determinants of impact:

»Focus, quality, support«

»Prevailingculture of innovation«

»Frames of reference«

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European Commission – DG Enterprise and Industry, 2012:

Strengthening

social innovation in Europe;

p. 15 Deliverable of

Social Innovation Europe:

www.socialinnovationeurope.eu

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/

innovation/files/social-innovation/

strengthening-social-innovation_en.pdf

Social innovations in real life (1)

Success criteria as applied by the SozialMarie – Award for SI

– Idea

>> Novelty in absolute terms or in new environs

– Intervention

>> Involvement of the target group & stakeholders

– Implementation

>> Acceptance and effectiveness

– Impact

>> Replicable model for serving as a standard

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Social innovations in real life (2)

Public body: Municipality of Kapfenberg (AT) – „Future for all“

– Idea >> Issue poverty – social assistance without stigmatisation

– Intervention >> „Activity Card“

– Implementation >> Transport, Caritas, Supermarket, Cafe, Sports ...

– Impact >> Participation, elevating quality of life and cohesion

Civil society: Nagykaniza (HU) – „Social housing reconstruction camp“

– Idea >> Issue social exclusion, treat of expulsion from homes

– Intervention >> Negotiating rent arrears compensation by labour spent

– Implementation >> Contracts, camp and co-ordination of students, roma, professionals

– Impact >> Better houses, cost/energy reduction, empowerment, replication

Private business: Bank (AT) – „2

nd

Savings Bank“

– Idea >> Issue private persons excluded from finacial services, re-inclusion

– Intervention >> Collaboration with insolvency advisers and social care NGO

– Implementation >> Access to bank account, guidance by the NGO and bank volunteers

– Impact >> Learning, inclusions, empowerment, scaling

Social demand perspective:

Employment – EU2020: „75% of the workforce employed“– - Immediate issue: YOUTH unemployment!

→ support programmes country by country►EU Budget, structural funds ?

Education – EU2020: „Reducing school drop-out rates below 10% and

enabling 40% of age cohorts to complete third level education“ –

- Inter-generational learning, flexible schooling, training and re-training

Social Services – EU2020: „Reducing the number of people in or at risk of

Poverty and Social Exclusion by 20 million“

- MDG (Millennium Development Goals)

- Social innovation programmes for social service providers, national and European levels: Analysis, objectives, measures, implementation, assessment

Elements of a European Union Strategy 1: Topical areas

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Societal challenges perspective:

• Ageing –

- Co-ordination of policies (social, economic and education policies) for all generations

- Reform of pension systems: consider birth rights, prevention and participation instead of insurances

• Migration / integration / diversity –

- Balancing within the European Union, inclusion policies combined with focused re-structuring of 3rd-country support measures

• Climate change –

- Focal points in ERDF, ESF, Cohesion Fund, DG ENV, DG REGIO ...

- Key issues are awareness, analysis, adaptation

Elements of a European Union Strategy 2: Topical areas

Systemic change perspective – new priorities, innovation culture, and changing frames of reference:

• Financialisation – (‚the problem behind the problems‘, F.-J. Radermacher):

- „Financialization“ is a „pattern of accumulation in which profit making occurs increasingly through financial channels rather than through trade and commodity

production“(Krippner, Greta, 2004: ‘What is Financialization?’; mimeo, UCLA Dpmt. of Sociology, p. 14.) - Leads to depletion of productive economic resources due to financialisation

- Calls for ‚Management of abundance‘, reverse financialisation, favouring ‚Smart Growth‘

- Money circulation without interest and compound interest (e.g. ‚regional currencies‘)

• Energy and resources – „20% less greenhouse gas emissions, 20% increase in energy efficiency, 20% of energy from renewable resources“ –

- Energy for all, distributed/shared innovations, prevention of lock-in situations:‚The Hartwell Paper‘, 2010: www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/units/mackinder/theHartwellPaper/Home.aspx

• Democracy / solidarity –

-what future to the EU: Federal state, trans-national entity, relapse into rising nationalism and dissolution? Reframing institutions, inclusion of citizens, participation, co-production ...

Elements of a European Union Strategy 3: Topical areas

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Idee» Warum, wo und wie beginnen?

Problemanalyse

Initiative ausgehend von Individuen, Organisationen etc. (Stakeholder) Ansatzpunkte: neue Ideen, andere Perspektiven und Kreativität Intervention» Welche Methoden und Ressourcen stehen zur Verfügung

oder können mobilisiert werden?

Menschen, ihre Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen Wissen und Quellen (Erfahrung, Wissenschaft & Forschung) Geld, Infrastruktur, Sozialkapital

Implementierung» Wie kann die neue Praxis durchgesetzt werden?

Interessen, Traditionen, manifeste/latente/systemische Widerstände Übertreffen der Vorteile von bisherigen Praktiken und von Untätigkeit Aufwand der Realisierung, Zeit, Ausdauer

Berücksichtigung anderer Prozesse (z.B. sozialer Wandel, technische Entw.) Impact» Welchen Wirkungen können beobachtet und gemessen werden?

Theoretische Reichweite und Akzeptanz in Zielgruppen Unterschiedliche Auswirkungen (positive vs. negative Effekte) Direkte und indirekte, aktuelle und spätere Wirkungen Maßstäbe, Relationen, Indikatoren ...

Fragen zur Diskussion und Entwicklung sozialer Innovationen:

Univ. Prof. Dr. Josef Hochgerner Zentrum für Soziale Innovation Linke Wienzeile 246 A - 1150 Wien

Tel. ++43.1.4950442 Fax. ++43.1.4950442-40 email: hochgerner@zsi.at http://www.zsi.at

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