Key for use of Dictionary

Key for use of Dictionary

1291

Key to symbols*

b. born d. died R: religion E: emigration Cit: citizenship M : mother F: father S : siblings

°° spouse(s) C: children

Mem: membership(s) Reed: received (awards or honors)

A: or a: address Biblio: bibliography Papers: papers Lit: literature Arch: archives

Sources: sources used in compiling biography R.F.J.I. Research Foundation for Jewish Immigration IfZ Institut für Zeitgeschichte

*in order of appearance in biographical text

Cities not identified by country in text

Athens, Greece Basel, Switzerland Belfast, Northern Ireland Belgrade, Yugoslavia Berlin, Germany Bern, Switzerland

Bonn, Rhineland, Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.

Brussels, Belgium Bucharest, Rumania Budapest, Hungary Buenos Aires, Argentina Cairo, Egypt

Calcutta, India Chicago, Illinois, U.S.

Cologne, Rhineland, Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) Copenhagen, Denmark

Damascus, Syria

Diisseldorf, Rhineland, Germany (Federal Republic of Germa- ny)

Dublin, Ireland

East Berlin, German Democratic Republic Edinburgh, Scotland

Florence, Italy

F r a n k f u r t / M , Hesse-Nassau, Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)

F r a n k f u r t / O , Brandenburg, Germany (German Democratic Republic)

Geneva, Switzerland Haifa, Israel

Hamburg, Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) Havana, Cuba

Helsinki, Finland

Hollywood, California, U.S.

Istanbul, Turkey Jerusalem, Israel Johannesburg, South Africa Kiev, U.S.S.R.

Leningrad, U.S.S.R. (from 1924) Lisbon, Portugal

London, England

Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Madrid, Spain Melbourne, Australia Mexico City, Mexico Milan, Italy Montreal, Canada Moscow, U.S.S.R.

Munich, Bavaria, Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) New Delhi, India

New York, New York, U.S.

Oslo, Norway Paris, France

Peking (fmly. Peiping), (now Beijing), China Petrograd, Russia, U.S.S.R. (1914-24) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Prague, Czechoslovakia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rome, Italy Säo Paulo, Brazil

Saint Petersburg, Russia (before 1914; Petrograd until 1924;

1924— Leningrad)

San Francisco, California, U.S.

Shanghai, China Sydney, Australia Stockholm, Sweden Tel Aviv, Israel The Hague, Netherlands Tokyo, Japan

Toronto, Canada Vienna, Austria Warsaw, Poland Washington, D.C., U.S.

West Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany Zagreb, Yugoslavia

Zurich, Switzerland

Universities not identified by city in text

C a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y , C a m b r i d g e , E n g l a n d C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k , U.S.

H e b r e w U n i v e r s i t y , J e r u s a l e m , Israel

H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y , C a m b r i d g e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , U.S.

J o h n s H o p k i n s U n i v e r s i t y , B a l t i m o r e , M a r y l a n d , U . S . M . I . T . , C a m b r i d g e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , U . S .

O x f o r d U n i v e r s i t y , O x f o r d , E n g l a n d

P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y , P r i n c e t o n , N e w J e r s e y , U.S.

S o r b o n n e , Paris, F r a n c e

S t a n f o r d U n i v e r s i t y , S t a n f o r d , C a l i f o r n i a , U . S . Y a l e U n i v e r s i t y , N e w H a v e n , C o n n e c t i c u t , U . S .

Abbreviations o f Academic D e g r e e s

The annotation (Ger.) means that the degree is given in

German-speaking countries, i. e. G e r m a n y , Austria, a n d Switzerland.

A.A. Associate in Arts A.A.S. Associate of Applied Science A. B. Bachelor of Arts

A.B.L.S. Bachelor of Arts in Library Science A. F. D. Doctor of Fine Arts

A.M. Master of Arts

A. M. L.S. Master of Arts in Library Science Arts D. Doctor of Fine Arts

B.A. Bachelor of Arts Bacc. Baccalauréat

B.A.O. Bachelor of Obstetrics (Ireland) B. Arch. Bachelor of Architecture B. B.A. Bachelor of Business Administration B.C.E. Bachelor of Civil Engineering B. Chem. E.

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering B. Comm. Bachelor of Commerce B.E. Bachelor of Engineering (U.K.J B.E.E. Bachelor of Electrical Engineering B.F.A. Bachelor of Fine Arts

B.H.L. Bachelor of Hebrew Letters B.l.E. Bachelor of Industrial Engineering B. Litt. Bachelor of Letters

B.L.S. Bachelor of Library Science B. Mus. Bachelor of Music B.S. or B.Sc.

Bachelor of Science B S D . Bachelor of Didactic Science B.S.T. Bachelor of Sacred Theology

Ch.B. Bachelor of Surgery (U.K.) Ch.D. Doctor of Chemistry C.S.D. Doctor of Christian Science

D. B.A. Doctor of Business Administration D.C.L. Doctor of Civil Law

D.D. Doctor of Divinity D.D.S. Doctor of Dental Surgery D. Econ. Doctor of Economics D. Ed. Doctor of Education

D. en D. Docteur en Droit (Doctor of Law) D. es L. Docteur es Lettres

D. es Sc. Docteur es Sciences D.F.A. Doctor of Fine Arts D.H.L. Docteur of Hebrew Letters

Dipl.-Ing. Diplomingenieur (Diplomate of Engineering — Ger,) D. Litt. Doctor of Literature

D.M.D. Doctor of Medical Dentistry D. Mus. Doctor of Music

D.P.A. Doctor of Public Administration D.P.H. Doctor of Public Health Dr. D. Doctor of Dentistry Dr. lng. Doctor of Engineering (Ger.) Dr. jur. (utriusque)

Doctor of Jurisprudence (Ger.) Dr. med. Doctor of Medicine (Ger.)

Dr. med. dent.

Doctor Dr. med. vet.

Doctor Dr. oec. pubi.

Doctor Dr. phil. Doctor Dr. rer. nat.

Doctor Dr. rer. pol.

Doctor Dr. theol. Doctor D.Sc. Doctor D.S.T.

D.V.M.

Doctor Doctor

of Dental Medicine (Ger.) of Veterinary Medicine (Ger.) of Public Economics (Ger.) of Philosophy (Ger.) of Natural Science (Ger.) of Political Science (Ger.) of Theology (Ger.) of Science of Sacred Theology of Veterinary Medicine

Doctor of Education

Fil. Dr. Doctor of Philosophy (Swed.)

J.B. Bachelor of Law J.C.B. Bachelor of Canon Law J.C.L. Lecturer of Canon Law J.D. Doctor of Jurisprudence J.S.D. Doctor of Juridical Science J.U.D. Doctor of both Canon and Civil Law

L.H.D. Doctor of Humane Letters Lie. Licencié, Licentiate Lie phil. Licentiate in Philosophy L.L.B. (LL.B.)

Bachelor of Laws L.L.D. (LL.D.)

Doctor of Laws L.L.M. (LL.M.)

Master of Laws

L. R.C. P.S. Licentiate, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons (U.K.)

L.R.F.P.S. Licentiate, Roval Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons (U.K.)

M.A. Master of Arts M.A.Ed. (M.Ed.)

Master of Education M.B. Bachelor of Medicine (U.K.) M.B.A. Master of Business Administration M.C.E. Master of Civil Engineering M.C.P. Master of City Planning M. D. Doctor of Medicine M.Div. Master of Divinity

M.D.V. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine M. E. Master of Engineering M. F.A. Master of Fine Arts M. H. L. Master of Hebrew Letters M.J, Master of Jurisprudence

Key for use o f Dictionary 1293

M L . Master of Laws Ph.B. Bachelor of Philosophy

M.L.A. Master of Landscape Architecture Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy

M . L . D . Master of International Law M.L.S. Master of Library Science

M. Mus. Master of Music S.B. Bachelor of Science

M. P. A. Master of Public Administration Sc. D. Doctor of Science

M.P.H. Master of Public Health S.J.D. Doctor of Juridical Science

M.S.S.S. Master of Science in Social Science S.M. Master of Science

M.S. W. Master of Social Work S.T.M. Master of Sacred Theology

Pd.D. Doctor of Pedagogy Th.D. Doctor of Theology

Pharm D. Doctor of Pharmacy

General Abbreviations

Entries marked * will be f o u n d in the Glossary

A. or a. address Arg. Argentina, Argentinian

A. A. A S . American Association for the Advancement of Science A.R.I. •Associacao Religiosa Israelita do Rio de Janeiro A.A.U.P. American Association of University Professors Ariz. Arizona

A. B.C. American Broadcasting C o m p a n y Ark. Arkansas

Abt. Abteilung arr. arranger, arrangement, arranged

acad. academy, academic art. article

acct. accountant, accounting A.S.C. A. P.

A. C D . A. Arms Control a n d Disarmament Agency American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers A.C.L.S. American Council of Learned Societies A.S.M.E. American Society of Mechanical Engineers

A.C.L.U. American Civil Liberties Union assist. assistant, assisted, assistance

A . C . U . M . ( A . K . U . M . ) • Assist. •Assistent

Israel Music and Writers Association assn. association

adj. adjunct assoc. associate, associated

A.D.L. * Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith A.St. A. •Allgemeiner Studentenausschuss

admin. administration, administrator, administrative astron. astronomy, astronomer, astronomical, astronomisch

adv. adviser, advisory att. attended, attending, attendant

A. E C . Atomic Energy Commission atty. attorney

A. E.G. Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft Aug. August

affll. affiliate, affiliated, affiliation A us. Austria, Austrian

A. F.J.C. E. ' A m e r i c a n Federation of Jews from Central E u r o p e Aust. Australia, Australian

A F . L . - C . I . O auth. author

•American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial autobiog. autobiography, autobiographical, autobiographisch Organizations

Afr. Africa, African A. F.T.R.A.

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists b. born

A.G. Aktiengesellschaft bacteriol. bacteriology, bacteriologist, bacteriological, bakteriologisch

agcy. agency B B C . British Broadcasting Corporation

agric. agriculture, agricultural B.C. British Columbia

agt. agent bd. board

A I D . Agency for International Development B.D.J.J. • B u n d Deutsch-Jüdischer Jugend A . I . E . E . American Institute of Electrical Engineers Belg. Belgium, Belgian

A.J.R. •Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain betw. between

akad. akademisch B.F.D. Bewegung Freies Deutschland

Akad. Akademie bibl. biblical

Ala. Alabama biblio. bibliography, bibliographical, bibliographisch

allg. allgemein biog. biography, biographer, biographical, biographisch

Am. America, American biol. biology, biologist, biological, biologisch

A M A . American Medical Association B.J.A. • B u n d Jüdischer Akademiker

amb. ambassador bldg. building

A . M . d . K . Akademie für Musik und darstellende Kunst, Vienna; Bol. Bolivia, Bolivian

(now Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst: after B.P.R.S. Bund proletarisch-revolutionärer Schriftsteller

194S also incl. Max-Reinhardt-Seminar) br. branch

anal. analysis, analyst, analytical), analytisch Braz. Brazil, Brazilian

anat. anatomy, anatomical, anatomisch Brit. Britain, British

anniv. anniversary bros. brothers

anthol. anthology Bulg. Bulgaria, Bulgarian

anthro. anthropology, anthropologist, anthropological, anthropolo- bull. bulletin

gisch bur. bureau

a.o. ausserordentlich bus. business

api. ausserplanmässig B.V.K. Bundesverdienstkreuz (Fed. Repub. Ger.)

app. appoint, appointed, appointment B.W.I. British West Indies

appi. applied, application Apr. April

A . R . B . K . D . ca. circa

Assoziation Revolutionärer Bildender Künstler Deutsch- Calif. California lands (after 1931: Bund R.B.K.D.) Can. C a n a d a , C a n a d i a n

arch. archive, archives, archival capt. captain

archeol. archeology, archeologist, archeological Carib. Carribbean

archit. architect, achitecture, architectural cat. catalogue

1294 Key for use of Dictionary

Cath. Catholic dev. develop, developer, development, developmental

C.B.C. C a n a d i a n Broadcasting Corporation D . F . G . •Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft C.B.B. C o m m a n d e r of the Order of the British Empire diet. dictionary

C.B. S. Columbia Broadcasting System dipl. diploma, dipl ornate

C.C.A.R. •Central Conference of American Rabbis dir. direct, director, directed C . D . U . Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands diss. dissertation

cent. central, center, centre dist. distinguished; district

C E N T O Central Treaty Organization div. divorce, divorced; division; dividend

C. E . R . N . Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (U.N.) D.J.U. Deutsche Journalisten-Union

cert. certificate, certified, certification D.L.A. Deutsches Literaturarchiv, M a r b a c h / N e c k a r

chap. chapter D.L.M. Deutsche Liga für Menschenrechte

chem. chemistry, chemist, chemical, chemisch D.N.V.P. Deutschnationale Volkspartei

chmn. chairman, chairwoman, chairperson Dom. Dominion

C.i.A. Central Intelligence Agency Dom. Repub.

C . I . A . M . Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne Dominican Republic

eie. com panie D.Ö.W. Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes,

C.l.P. •Congregaçâo Israelita Paulista (Säo Paulo, Brazil) Vienna

cit. citizen, citizenship Doz. * Dozent

cit. revoked D.P. displaced person; Deutsche Partei

expatriation by National Socialist regime D.S. A P . Deutsche Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei (C.S.R.)

clin. clinic, clinical D.S.P. Deutsche Staatspartei

cmt. commercial dtr. daughter

cmty. community D.V.P. Deutsche Volkspartei

CO. company D.W.B. Deutscher Werkbund

co-auth. co-author co-ed. co-editor

c. of c. chamber of commerce

col. colonel E. East, Eastern

Col. Colombia, Colombian ecol. ecology, ecologist, ecological

coll. college; collection, collective econ. economy, economics, economist, economical

collab. collaborate, collaborated, collaboration, collaborator E C O S O C Economic a n d Social Council, U . N .

Colo. Colorado Ecua. Ecuador

comdr. c o m m a n d e r ed. edit, editor, edition, editorial, edited

comm. committee educ. educate, educated, education, educational

comm. commission E.E.C. European Economic C o m m u n i t y ( C o m m o n Market)

com m nr. commissioner E.J. Encyclopaedia Judaica (see List of Short Titles...)

com p. comparative E.K. Eisernes Kreuz

concurr. concurrent, concurrently elec. electric, electrical, electrician, electricity cond. conductor, conducting, conducted electron. electronic, electronics

conf. conference elem. elementary

con fed. confederation emb. embassy

cong. congress, congregation emer. emeritus

C o n n . Connecticut emigr. emigrate, emigrated, emigration

cons. conservatory encycl. encyclopedia

consult. consultant, consulting, consultation endoerin. endocrinology, endocrinologist, endocrinological

cont. continue, continued Eng. English, England

contemp. contemporary engr. engineer, engineering

contrib. contribute, contributed, contributor, contribution esp. especially

conv. convention est. establish, established, establishment

coop. cooperation; cooperative E.T.H. Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich

coord. coordinate, coordinated, coordinator, coordination, coor- E.T.O. European Theater of Operations (World W a r l l )

dinating Eur. Europe, European

corp. corporation exam. examination

corresp. correspondent, correspondence, corresponding exec. executive

coun. council, councillor exhib. exhibit, exhibition

C.P.A. Certified Public Accountant exp. experiment, experimented, experimental, experimentell C.S.R. Czechoslovak Republic (1918-39, J945—48) Ezra (Esra)

C.S.S.R. Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (since 1948) proper n a m e of youth organization (see Glossary) C . U . N . Y. City University of New York

c.v.

d. died fac. faculty

D . A . A . D . Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst fam. family

D A C H O Dachorganisation der Filmschaffenden F.A.O. Food and Agriculture Organization (U.N.) D.A.I.A. •Delegación de Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas (Dele- F.D.B. •Freie Deutsche Bewegung

gation of Argentinian Jewish Organizations) F. D.G.B. Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftbund Danat Darmstädter- und Nationalbank, G e r m a n y F. D.K.B. •Freier Deutscher Kulturbund

D.B.V. Deutscher Bühnen verein F.D.P. Freie Demokratische Partei

D.C. District of Columbia fdr. founder, f o u n d e d , f o u n d i n g

D . D . P . Deutsche Demokratische Partei Feb. February

dec. deceased fed. federal, federated, federation

Dec. December Fed. Repub. Ger.

D.E.F.A. Deutsche Film-A.G. Federal Republic of G e r m a n y

Del. Delaware fei. fellow, fellowship

deleg. delegate, delegation fest. festival

dem. democrat, democratic, democracy, demokratisch ff. following demons. demonstrate, demonstrator, demonstration, demonstrative fgn. foreign

Den. Denmark fin. finance, financial

dent. dentist, dentistry, dental Fini. Finland

dep. deputy Fla. Florida

dept. department fmly. formerly

dermat. dermatology, dermatologist, dermatological, dermatologisch fmr. former

deut. deutsch found. foundation

Deut. Deutschland Fr. France, French

Key for use of Dictionary 1295

frat. fraternity

F.Ö.B.. ' F r e i e Österreichische Bewegung funct. functionary

F.V.P. Freie Volkspartei

Ga. Georgia Gai. Galerie gall. gallery

G.D.B. A. * Genossenschaft Deutscher Bühnenangehöriger Gde. Gemeinde

G d n . Gemeinden G. E. General Electric Co.

gen. general

geog. geography, geographer, geographic, geographical, geogra- phisch

Ger. German, Germany, Germanic Ger. Dem. Repub.

German Democratic Republic

gerontol. gerontology, gerontologist, gerontological, gerontologisch Ges. Gesellschaft

Gesch. Geschichte Gestapo * Geheime Staatspolizei

G . m . b . H . Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (equivalent to American " I n c . " or British " L t d . " )

gov. governor govt. government Gr. Greece, Greek grad. graduate, graduated Gt. Brit. Great Britain Guat. Guatemala Gym. ' G y m n a s i u m

gynecol. gynecology, gynecologist, gynecological

Habil. * Habilitation hand. handbook Hand. Handbuch h.c. honoris causa (honorary) Heb. Hebrew, Hebraic

H.E.W. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare H.I.A.S. * Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society H . I . C . E . M .

* Hebrew Immigration, Colonization a n d Emigration Society H . I . C . O . G .

Office of the U.S. High Commissioner for G e r m a n y hist. history, historical, historisch

H . O . G . *Hitachdut Olej Germania Holl. Holland

hon. honor, honors, honorary, honored Hond. Honduras

hosp. hospital H . U . C . - J . I . R .

• H e b r e w Union College — Jewish Institute of Religion hum. humanities, humanistic, humanistisch

Hung. Hungary, Hungarian

I. A. H. * Internationale Arbeiterhilfe I.B.D. International Biographical Dictionary I.B.M. International Business Machine Co.

Ï.C.A. (J.C.A.)

•Jewish Colonization Association

I . C . E . M . Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration I.D.F. Israel Defense Forces

I.E.E.E. Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers IfZ * Institut für Zeitgeschichte

III. Illinois

illus. illustrate, illustrated, illustrator, illustration I.L.O. International Labor Organization (U.N.) I.M.A.S. * Immigrants Mutual Aid Society I.M.F. International Monetary Fund immigr. immigrant, immigrated, immigration inc. incorporated

incl. including, include, included Ind. Indiana

indus. industry, industries, industrial, industrialist info. information

Ing. Ingenieur

inst. institute, institution, institutional Inst. Institut

instr. instructor, instruction insur. insurance intell. intelligence

intl. international

intro. introduce, introduced, introduction

invest. investigate, investigated, investigator, investigation invit. invitation, invite, invited

I.O. M.E. Mrgun Olej Merkas Europa Ire. Ireland, Irish

l.R.O. International Refugee Organization (U.N.) I.S.C.M. International Society for Contemporary Music Isr. Israel, Israeli, Israelite, israelitisch

It. Italy, Italian, italienisch I.T. U.S. * Jüdischer Turn- und Sport-Verein

Jan. January Jap. Japan, Japanese J. D C. (or Joint)

•American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Jew. Jewish

J.J.W.B. 'Jung-Jüdischer Wanderbund J.N.F. ' J e w i s h National Fund

journ. journalist, journal, journalism, journalistic jr. junior

J.R.S.O. ' J e w i s h Restitution Successor Organization jt. joint

jüd. jüdisch

K.A.P.D. Kommunistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands

K.C. ' K a r t e l l Convent der Verbindungen deutscher Studenten jüdischen Glaubens

K . F . D . ' K o m i t e e Freies Deutschland kibb. kibbutz

K.J.V. •Kartell Jüdischer Verbindungen

K.J.V.D. Kommunistischer Jugendverband Deutschlands K.K.L. ' K e r e n Kajemeth Lejisrael (Jewish National Fund) klin. klinisch

Klin. Klinik Kons. Konservatorium

K.P.C. Kommunistische Partei der C.S.R.

K . P . D . Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands K.P.D.O. Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Opposition K.P.Ö. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs

K.S.C. Kommunistickä strana Ceskoslovenska (Communist Party, C.S.R.)

Ky. Kentucky

La. Louisana lab. laboratory lang. language L.B.I. ' L e o Baeck Institute

lect. lecture, lectured, lecturer, lectureship legis. legislation, legislator

L.(H).W.J.

•Lehranstalt (Hochschule) für die Wissenschaft des Juden- tums, Berlin

lib. liberal libr. library, librarian lieut. lieutenant

lit. literature, literary, literarisch Lit. Literatur

Ltd. Limited Ltr. Leiter Lux. Luxembourg

mag. magazine Man. Manitoba Mar. March Mass. Massachusetts mat. materials

math. mathematics, mathematician, mathematical, mathematisch Math. Mathematik, Mathematiker

M.B.E. Member of the Order of the British Empire Md. Maryland

M.d.B. Mitglied des Bundestags M.d.L. Mitglied des Landtags M.d.R. Mitglied des Reichstags M.d.V.K. Mitglied der Volkskammer

mech. mechanic, mechanics, mechanical, mechanism, mecha- nisch

med. medicine, medical, medizinisch mem. member

metall. metallurgy, metallurgist, metallurgical, metallurgisch

1296 Key for use of Dictionary

mcteorol. meteorology, meteorologist, meteorological, meteorologisch metrop. metropolitan

Mex. Mexico, Mexican mfg. manufacturing mfr. manufacturer mgg. managing mgr. manager mgt. management Mich. Michigan milit. military, militärisch min. minister, ministerial, ministry Min. Minister, Ministerium Minn. Minnesota misc. miscellaneous Miss. Mississippi

M.l.T. Massachusetts Institute of Technology M. K. Member of ' K n e s s e t

M.L.A. Modern Language Association mml. memorial

mo. month Mo. Missouri mod. modern mono. monograph Mont. Montana movt. movement M.P. Member of Parliament ms., mss. manuscript, manuscripts Mt. Mount munic. municipality, municipal mus. museum

musicol. musicology, musicologist, musicological

N. North

N.A.S.A. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.) nat. national

N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Organization N.B.C. National Broadcasting Co.

N. Car. North Carolina N.I).R. Norddeutscher R u n d f u n k

N . D . W . * Notgemeinschaft Deutscher Wissenschaftler im Ausland n.d. no date

N. Dak. North Dakota

N.E.A. National Endowment for the Arts Nebr. Nebraska

N.E.H. National Endowment for the Humanities N. Eng. New England

Neth. Netherlands

neurol. neurology, neurologist, neurological, neurologisch Nev. Nevada

Nfld. Newfoundland N. H a m p . New Hampshire N. Mex. New Mexico Nie. Nicaragua N . I . H . National Institutes of Health N.J. New Jersey

no. number Norw. Norway, Norwegian Nov. November n.p. no place

N.S. National Socialist, National Socialism. Nazi N.S.F. National Science Foundation

N.S.W. New South Wales num. numerous

N . W . D . R . Nord westdeutscher R u n d f u n k N.Y. New York

N. Y.A.N.A.

• N e w York Association for New Americans N.Z. New Zealand

o. ordentlich

O.A.S. Organization of American States O. B. E. Officer of the Order of the British Empire obit. obituary

observ. observatory

obstet. obstetrics, obstetrician, obstetricia!

occup. occupation, occupational, occupy, occupied oceanog. oceanography, oceanographer. océanographie Oct. October

O . E . C . D . Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development O . E . E . C . Organization for European Economic Cooperation O. E.O. Office of Economic Opportunity

off. office, officer, official, officially

Ö.G.B. österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund Okla. Oklahoma

O . M . G . U . S .

Office of Military Government, United States (in Germany) Ontario

Ont.

op.

O.P.A.

orch.

Ore.

org.

Org.

orig.

O.R.T.

O S E . O.S. S.

Österr.

österr.

O.W.I.

opus

Office of Price Adminstration

orchestra, orchestral, orchestrate, orchestration Oregon

organize, organized, organizer, organization, organization»

al Organisation original, originally

* Organization for Rehabilitation through Training (origi- nally Obtchestvo Rasprostraneniya Truda sredi Yevreyev)

•Obtchestvo Sdravuchraneniya Evreyev (Society for the Protection of Health for Jews)

Office of Strategic Services Österreich

österreichisch

Office of War Information

Pac. Pacific Pat. Palestine, Palestinian Pan. Panama, Panamanian Para. Paraguay

partic. participate, participated, participation pathol. pathology, pathologist, pathological P.C. Peace Corps

pedag. pedagogue, pedagogy, pedagogic P.E.N. "Publicists, Essayists and Novelists Penn. Pennsylvania

perf. perform, performed, performing, performance period. periodical

perm. permanent

pharm. pharmacist, pharmacology, pharmacological pharmaceut.

pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical philh. philharmonic, philharmonisch

philol. philology, philologist, philological, philologisch philos. philosophy, philosopher, philosophical, philosophisch photog. photography, photographer

P H.S. Public Health Service

phys. physics, physicist, physical, physikalisch

physiol. physiology, physiologist, physiological, physiologisch P.M.L.A. Publications of the Modern Language Association Pol. Poland, Polish

polit. politics, politician, political, politisch polytech. polytechnic, polytechnical, polytechnisch Port. Portugal, Portuguese

post-dr. post-doctoral postgrad, postgraduate posth. posthumous P.O.W. prisoner of war

prep. prepare, prepared, preparation pres. president

priv. privat, private Privatdoz. * Privatdozent prob. probably proc. proceedings

prod. produce, produced, producer, product, production prof. professor; professional

prog. program proj. project Prot. Protestant prov. province, provincial pseud. pseudonym

psych. psychology, psychologist, psychological, psychologisch Psych. Psychologie

psychoanal.

psychoanalysis, psychoanalist, psychoanalytic, psychoana- lytisch

P.T.O. Pacific Theater of Operations (W.W.II) pub. public

publ. publish, published, publisher, publishing, publication

qual. qualitative quant. quantitative quart. quarterly

rabb.

radiol.

rabbinical

radiology, radiologist, radiological, radiologisch

Key for use of Dictionary 1297

R.A.F. Royal Air Force

R.C.A. Radio Corporation of America reed. received

ref. refugee Reg. * Regisseur

rehab. rehabilitate, rehabilitation rel. related, relation, relative relig. religion, religious, religiös rep. representative, represent, represented repr. reprint, reprinted

reprod. reproduce, reproduction, reproductive repub. republic, republican, republikanisch res. research, researcher

resid. reside, residence, residency, resident ret. retired; returned

rev. review, reviewed; revise, revised, revision R.F.J. I. * Research Foundation for Jewish Immigration Rhod. Rhodesia, Rhodesian

R.I. R h o d e Island

R.l.A.S. R u n d f u n k im Amerikanischen Sektor (West-Berlin) R.I.B.A. Royal Institute of British Architects

R.j. F. * Reichsbund jüdischer Frontsoldaten R . K . B.K. Reichskammer der bildenden Künste R.N. Registered Nurse

R.S.Ö. Revolutionäre Sozialisten Österreichs Rum. Rumania, Rumanian

Russ. Russia, Russian R . V . B . K . D .

Reichsverband Bildender Künstler Deutschlands

S. or So. South, Southern S.A. * Sturmabteilung S. Afr. South Africa, South African S. A.G. Screen Actors Guild S.A.J. Sozialistische Arbeiterjugend

S.A.P.D. Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands Sask. Saskatchewan

S.B.K.V. Schweizer Bühnenkünstlerverein S.B.V. Schweizer Bühnenverband Scand. Scandinavia, Scandinavian S.C.A. P. Supreme C o m m a n d e r , Allied Powers S. Car. South Carolina

sch. school, -schule Sch. Schule schol. scholar, scholarship sei. science, scientist, scientific Scot. Scotland S.D. * Sicherheitsdienst S. Dak. South Dakota

S.D.A.P. Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs S. D.S. * Schutzverband Deutscher Schriftsteller S.E.A.T.O.

South-East Asia Treaty Organization sec. secondary

sect. section secy. secretary

S.E.D. Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands sem. seminar, seminary

sep. separate, separated, separation Sept. September

serv. service; servant sgt. sergeant S.H.A.E. F.

Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Forces (W.W.II, E.T.O.)

S.H.A.P. E.

Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers in Europe (W. W. II) soc. social, society, société

socio). sociology, sociologist, sociological Sp. Spain, Spanish

S.P.D. Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands spec. special, specialist, specialty, specialize, specialized S.P.Ö. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs spons. sponsor, sponsored

S.P.S.L. 'Society for the Protection of Science and Learning Sq. Square

sr. senior S.S. ••Schutzstaffel

S.S.R.C. Social Science Research Council St.(e) Saint(e), Sankt

staatl. staatlich stidt. städtisch

statist. statistics, statistician, statistical, statistisch

stud. study, studied, studies, student, studentisch subj. subject, subjective

S . U . N . Y . State University of New York supp. supplement

supr. supervise, supervised, supervisory, supervision supt. superintendent

surg. surgery, surgeon, surgical Swed. Sweden, Swedish Switz. Switzerland

symph. symphony, symphonic, symphonisch syn. synagogue

syst. system, systematic, systematisch

tech. technical, technician, technique, technisch technol. technology, technologist, technological, technologisch temp. temporary

Tenn. Tennessee Tex. Texas T.H. Technische Hochschule

theol. theology, theologian, theological, theologisch theoret. theoretical, theoretician, theoretisch trans. translate, translated, translator, translation treas. treasury, treasurer

Tur. Turkey, Turkish T.U. Technische Universität T.V. television

U . A . H . C . * Union of American Hebrew Congregations U.C.L. A. University of California, Los Angeles U.F.A. Universum Film-Aktiengesellschaft U.I.A. United Israel Appeal

U.J.A. United Jewish Appeal

U.K. United K i n g d o m (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) U.N. United Nations

U . N . C . T . A . D .

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development U . N . E . S . C . O .

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organ- ization

U . N . H . C . R .

United N a t i o n s High Commissioner for Refugees (Office of) U . N . I . C . E. F.

United N a t i o n s International Children's Emergency Fund univ. university

Univ. Universität U . N . R . R . A .

United Nations Relief a n d Rehabilitation Adminstration U . N . R . W . A .

United N a t i o n s Relief a n d Works Agency for Palestine Refu- gees

U.R.O. * United Restitution Organization Urug. Uruguay

U.S. United States (of America) U.S.I-A. United States Information Agency U.S.I.S. United States Information Service

U.S.P.D. Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands U.S.S.R. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Va.

var.

V.B.B.

v. chmn.

Ven.

Ver.

vet.

vis.

V.J.J.D.

voc.

vol.

v. pres.

V.S.B.

Vt.

V.V.O.

W.

Wash.

W . H . O . Wise.

wiss.

Wiss.

Virginia various Volksbühnenbund vice chairman Venezuela Verein, Vereinigung veterinary, veterinarian visit, visited, visitor, visiting

' V e r b a n d der Jüdischen Jugendvereine Deutschlands vocation, vocational

volume; volunteer, voluntary vice president

Verband Schweizerischer Bühnen Vermont

Vaterländischer Verdienstorden (Ger. Dem. Repub.)

West, Western Washington (State)

World Health Organization (U.N.) Wisconsin

wissenschaftlich

Wissenschaft, Wissenschaften

1298 Key for use of Dictionary

W.I.Z.O. ' W o m e n ' s International Zionist Organization y . ( s )

W.J.C. " W o r l d Jewish Congress yrbk.

W.P.A. Works Progress Administration Yugo.

W.U.P.J. *World Union for Progressive J u d a i s m W.W. World War

Wyo. Wyoming Zft.

W.Z.O. ' W o r l d Zionist Organization zion.

Zion.

Z.O.A.

Y.I.V.O. Yidisher Visenshaftlikher Institut (Institute for Jewish Re- zool.

search) Ztg.

Y . M . H . A . Y o u n g Men's Hebrew Association Z . V X D . year(s)

yearbook

Yugoslavia, Yugoslavian

Zeitschrift zionistisch Zionist, Zionism

' Z i o n i s t Organization of America zoology, zoologist, zoological, zoologisch Zeitung

'Zionistische Vereinigung für Deutschland