Policy applications in Europe
IIASA’s GAINS analysis provides the scientific backbone for
European air quality policies
IIASA analysis has laid the groundwork for air pollution
policies in Europe, including the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and the EU Directives on
National Emission Ceilings for 2010 and 2030.
The latest agreement will cut health impacts of air pollution in Europe by 50% in 2030, in addition to forest damage and biodiversity threats.
Reference:
Reis, Amann et al. (2013) Science doi:10.1126/science.1226514
Amann et al. (2013) EU Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution - Report #11
Shortening of life expectancy in Europe
Marginal costs and benefits
2030 baseline 2030 max red.
Air quality and greenhouse gases (AIR)
AIR’s program objectives
Interdisciplinary research into
strategies to protect the atmosphere while maximizing co-benefits with
other policy objectives
Around the world, IIASA’s systems approach is framing new policies that maximize co-benefits between air quality
management, greenhouse gas mitigation and other policy priorities.
http://gains.iiasa.ac.at
Global air pollution scenarios
Future air pollution levels will be determined by
the quality of governance
Recent GAINS
analyses highlight the importance of dedicated policy interventions on emission controls and enforcement with existing
regulations.
Clean air does not fall from sky, nor
does it autonomously emerge from economic development without
proper governance.
Reference:
Amann et al. (2015) doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-052912-173303
Policy applications in Asia
Urban air quality management requires regional cooperation
involving all sectors incl. agriculture
The GAINS approach is now promoted by the World Bank as a practical tool for air quality management planning
in the mega-cities of developing countries.
Cooperation has been established with city administrations and scientists in IIASA Member Countries, incl. China, India, Vietnam, Egypt, South Africa and Iran.
Reference:
Amann et al. (2017) Managing future air quality in megacities: A case study for Delhi. Atm.Env. (submitted)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
1990 2010 2030 2050
Mt NOx
NO
xNational Emission
Ceilings
Policy targets Social development
and economic activities
Emissions
Emission control options:
~2000 measures, co-control of 10 air pollutants and 6 GHGs
Atmospheric dispersion Costs
Health, ecosystems and climate impact indicators
Least-cost optimization
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Marginal cost/benefits (billion Euro/% gap closure)
Gap closure (% between CLE and MTFR) Marginal benefits (range)/%
Marginal costs/%
Optimal range for gap closure
Marginal health benefits vs.
marg. emission control costs
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
µg/m3 PM2.5
Origin
Diesel soot
Road dust, tyre wear, brakes Fireworks, cremation, etc.
Trash burning, BBQ, smoking Cookstoves
Small industries
High stacks power & industry Sec. PM2.5: Agr. NH3 + SO2/NOx Agricultural waste burning
Soils and vegetation
Origin of PM2.5 in ambient air in Delhi IIASA’s GAINS (Greenhouse gas – Air pollution
Interactions and Synergies) model Projections of global NOx emissions
Alternative policy interventions
Full implementation of current legislation
Range depicted in global climate scenarios
