Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament · 2. Reihe
Herausgeber / Editors Jörg Frey (Zürich)
Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors
Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford)
·
James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Hans-Josef Klauck (Chicago, IL)·
Tobias Nicklas (Regensburg)J. Ross Wagner (Durham, NC)
382
Meghan Henning
Educating Early Christians through the Rhetoric of Hell
“Weeping and Gnashing of Teeth” as Paideia in Matthew and the Early Church
Mohr Siebeck
Meghan Henning, born 1982; 2004 BA from Denison University; 2007 MA from Yale Divinity School; 2013 PhD in New Testament from Emory University; Assistant Professor of Christian Origins at the University of Dayton.
ISBN 978-3-16-152963-4 / eISBN 978-3-16-157505-1 unveränderte eBook-Ausgabe 2019 ISSN 0340-9570 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2.Reihe) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliogra- phie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
© 2014 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohr.de
This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproduc- tions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems.
The book was printed by Laupp & Göbel in Nehren on non-aging paper and bound by Buch- binderei Nädele in Nehren.
Printed in Germany.
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Table of Contents
Preface ... VII
Chapter 1.
The History of Hellish Rhetoric
I. Why Hell?: The Historical Relevance of the Rhetoric of
Eternal Punishment... 1
II. Hell and the History of Religions ... 3
III. Beyond Genesis: Ideology, Fluidity, and the History of Interpretation ... 8
IV. A Word about the Terminology for Eternal Punishment ... 10
V. Plan of the Book ... 11
Chapter 2. Death, Judgment, and the Abode of the Dead as Malleable Rhetorical Tools in the Hebrew Bible I. Introduction ... 14
II. Concepts of the Abode of the Dead in the Hebrew Bible... 17
a. All Dead Travel to a Common Place ... 19
b. The Place of the Dead as a Descriptor ... 23
i. Dark, Dusty and Generally Undesirable Place... 23
ii. A Poetic Marker for Depth, or a Remote Place ... 24
iii. The Opposite of the Heavens ... 24
III. The Abode of the Dead as a Rhetorical Tool in the Hebrew Bible ... 25
a. Vivid or Dramatic Imagery: The Abode of the Dead as Spectacle or Metaphor... 25
b. Sorting the Dead: The Abode of the Dead Signifying Judgment or Punishment ... 28
c. The Abode of the Dead as a Tool for Moral Formation
in the Hebrew Bible... 33
X
i. The Life and Death Contrast in the Hebrew Bible... 33
ii. The Abode of the Dead as Ethical Motivation ... 36
IV. Conclusion ... 41
Chapter 3. Learning from the Dead: Hades as an Expression of Paideia in Greek and Latin Literature I. Introduction ... 43
II. Greek and Roman Rhetoric and Education: The Role of Ethical Instruction within Greek and Roman Paideia ... 44
a. Paideia as Rhetorical Training ... 44
b. Paideia and Early Christianity ... 48
c. Paideia as Cultural and Ethical Education... 51
d. Ekphrasis: The Pedagogical use of Rhetoric in Transmitting Cultural Values ... 54
III. Greek and Roman Examples of Hell as Paideia... 65
a. Prevalence of Homer and Virgil in Ancient School Texts... 65
b. Visualizing Punishment: The Use of Ekphrasis in Depictions of Hades ... 67
i. The Katabasis... 67
ii. Evidence of Ekphrasis: The Language of Perception 69 iii. Evidence of Ekphrasis: The Presence of Enargeia or “Vividness” ... 72
iv. Explicit Communication of the Didactic Function of the Ekphrasis... 75
c. The Spectacle of Punishment as Paideia ... 77
IV. Conclusion ... 82
Chapter 4. Periēgēsis?: The Journey through the Places of the Dead in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature I. Introduction ... 83
II. The Genre of Geographic “Tours” in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature ... 85
III. The Rhetorical Function of “Tours”: Parallel to Periēgēsis of Greek and Latin Literature? ... 92
a. Spatial Differentiation: Directional Cues and Geographic Descriptions ... 94
b. Order and Meaning: Implicit Paideia in the Jewish Apocalypses ... 99
IV. Conclusion ... 107
XI
Chapter 5.
A Choice Between Two Ways: The Rhetoric of Eternal Punishment in the New Testament
I. Introduction ... 108
II. Ekphrasis or Enargeia?: Analyzing the Rhetoric of Description in the NT ... 109
III. The Pedagogical Function of Eternal Punishment in the NT ... 112
a. Mark 9:42-50... 112
b. Q 10,15 and 12, 4-5... 117
c. Luke... 122
d. James ... 126
e. 2 Peter... 128
f. Revelation... 131
IV. Conclusion ... 137
Chapter 6. The Pedagogical Role of Eschatological Judgment, Eternal Punishment, and the Afterlife in Matthew I. Introduction ... 138
II. Education in Matthew: An Exercise in Community Formation... 139
a. Matthew’s Audience ... 139
b. Matthew’s Interest in Paideia and the Formation of Ecclesia... 143
III. The Role of Apocalyptic Eschatology within Matthew’s “Curriculum” ... 149
IV. The Pedagogical Function of Eternal Punishment in Matthew ... 153
a. Matthew’s Use of Terminology ... 153
b. Evidence of Ekphrasis: The Presence of Enargeia or “Vividness” ... 156
c. Explicit Communication of the Didactic Function of the Ekphrasis ...163
d. The Description of Punishment as Paideia: Rhetoric of Ethical and Cultural Education ... 166
V. Conclusion ... 173
XII
Chapter 7.
The Pedagogical Function of Hell in the Early Christian Apocalypses and the Early Church
I. Introduction ... 174
II. Dating and Reception of Tours of Hell... 175
III. Interpreting and Expanding the New Testament Picture of “Hell” in Early Christian Apocalypses... 182
a. Interpreting Matthew in the Apocalypse of Peter ... 183
b. Reading Matthew and Paul together in the Apocalypse of Paul... 189
c. Pleading for Mercy and Reinventing the Beatitudes in the Latin Vision of Ezra and the Greek Apocalypse of Ezra ... 196
d. “Biblical Theology” in the Greek Apocalypse of Mary .... 199
IV. The Pedagogical Function of Hell in the Early Christian Apocalypses... 202
a. Evidence of Ekphrasis: Periēgēsis ... 202
b. Evidence of Ekphrasis: Language of Perception ... 205
c. Evidence of Ekphrasis: Enargeia or “Vividness” ... 207
d. The Spectacle of Punishment as Paideia: Explicit Communication of the Didactic Function of Ekphrasis 211 V. The Pedagogical Function of Hell in the Early Church Fathers... 217
a. Chrysostom: Zeal in Appropriating Hell as the Heart of Christian Paideia... 218
b. Augustine: Distinguishing Christian Paideia from the Tools of the Empire ... 220
VI. Conclusion ... 222
Chapter 8. Conclusion: The Landscape of Hell and the Cultivation of Early Christianity I. How did “Hell” Emerge as an Educational Tool for Early Christians?... 224
II. Hell, What is it Good For?: Damnation and the Cultivation of Culture ... 228
III. Dante’s Spell: Reflections on Our Hellish Inheritance ... 230
XIII
Appendix A: Concepts of the Abode of the Dead in the
Hebrew Bible ... 233
Appendix B: The Abode of the Dead as a Rhetorical Tool in the Hebrew Bible ... 240
Appendix C: Ekphrasis in Greek and Latin Texts that Deal with Hades extensively... 247
Appendix D: Enargeia of “Hell” in the New Testament (apart from Matthew) ... 248
Appendix E: Enargeia of Eternal Punishment in Matthew ... 249
Appendix F: Eschatological Fire in Matthew ... 250
Appendix G: “Weeping and Gnashing of Teeth” in Matthew ... 252
Bibliography ... 255
Index of Ancient Sources ... 277
Index of Modern Authors ... 291
Subject Index... 292
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Index of Ancient Sources Hebrew Scriptures Genesis
1:27 195
3:19c 22
6 130
37:35 15, 19
42:38 14, 19
44:29 14, 19
44:31 14
Exodus
9:23-24 128
14:11-12 23
20:13 167
20:13-14 164
22:6 128
Leviticus
18:5 33
26 23
Numbers
16 32, 36, 161
16:1 – 20, 13 29
16:5, 30 29
16:29-30 29
16:30-33 15
16:31-33 29
Deuteronomy
4:1 33
5:23 128
5:33 33
8:1 33
11:28-30 165
11:28-39 33
25:11-12 116
28 23
30:15-16 33, 165
30:15-20 33
32 33
32:22 128
33:6 96, 135
Joshua
2:29 23
15:6 14
15:8 25
18:16 14, 25
24:15 33
25:14 165
Judges
9:15-20 128
13:22 23
1 Samuel
2:6 14, 19, 29
14:45 157
19:11-12 23
2 Samuel
1:13-16 35
4:9-12 35
14:11 157
14:14 22
22:6 14, 19
1 Kings
1:52 157
2 34, 35
2:1-10 35
2:2 22
2:6 19, 35, 36
19:4 23
2 Kings
6:1 15
7:6-7 23
10:1-6 15
16:3 25
21:6 25
23:10 14, 102, 128
1 Chronicles
27:32 15
278 Index of Ancient Sources 2 Chronicles
28:3 25
33:6 25
Ezra
7:3-15 33
Nehemiah
11:30 14, 25
9:29 33
Esther
10:11 155
Job
3:11-22 23
7:9 14, 19, 24
11:8 14, 24
14:1-2 22
14:13 19, 23
16:7 36
16:9 162
16:10 14, 19, 36
17:13, 16 14, 19
17:3 23
17:14 14, 19
17:16 23
18:8 23
21:13 14, 19
21:26 23
24:19 29, 36
26 19
26:6 14, 19, 20, 38
28:22 14, 20, 38
28 15
31:4 197
31:12 14, 38, 128
31:36 38
33 38, 39
33:14-18 38
33:15-22 38
33:18 14, 19
33:19-21 31, 38
33:27-28 39
33:31-33 39
37 157
37:5-7 157
38:17 28
38:37 197
38:41 157
38-41 157
Proverbs
1-9 156
1:9 38
1:12 14, 19, 23, 37
1:20-33 15
3:18 22
4 33
4:1-10 33
4:2 33
4:4 33
4:7 15
4:9 33, 38
4:10 33
4:11 33
4:11-12 33, 165
4:11-19 33
4:13 33
4:14 33
4:17 33
4:18 33
4:19 33
4:22 33
4:24 33
4:27 33
5:5 19, 36, 37
5:13 15
6:34 155
7:27 14, 19, 36,
37, 38
8:1-36 15
8:35-36 22
9:18 22, 36, 37
10-29 34
10:11 22
12:28 22
13:14 15
15:24 14, 36, 38
15:11 14
15:11-20 33
17:16 15
23:12-14 36, 38
23:14 19
23:23 15
25:7 15
27:20 14, 24
30:16 24, 128
Ecclesiastes
2:15-18 23
6:2-6 23
9:10 14, 21, 22, 23
Index of Ancient Sources 279 Song of Solomon/Songs
8:6 19, 20, 24
Isaiah
1 26
5:14 23, 24, 30, 36
5:15 30
7:11 24
8:16 15
9:18 127
10:15-19 127
14 30, 31, 38,
96, 198
14:9 14
14:9-15 23, 36, 38
14:12 31
14:12-13 30
14:13-15 171
14:15 14, 30
14:15-20 30, 157
14:16-17 30
14:16-19 117
14:19 14, 30
23 170
26:19 18
26:20 96
28 40
28:9-18 36
28:15 14, 19, 132
33:14 101
38:10 19, 20, 28,
158
38:17 14
38:17-18 19, 23
38:18 14, 19
50:11 101
51:14 14, 36
57:1-9 30
57:9 24, 36
57:21 30
58:7 125
66 25, 26, 113,
114
66:15-16 26, 101
66:23-24 26
66:24 25, 26, 38,
101, 103, 114, 188 Jeremiah
7:31 25
7:31-32 14, 102, 128
19:2 102
19:4-5 25
19:6 102
21:8-14 33, 165
32:35 25, 102
51:63-4 160
Lamentations
2:16 162
3:6 23
4:11 128
Ezekiel
26 30
26-28 170
26:19-21 31, 15
26:20 14, 171
26:31-32 117
28:8 14
28:8-10 31, 157
29:5 209
30:25-26 31
31 30, 31
31-32 31, 96, 157
31:14 14, 19
31:14-15 17
31:14-16 31
31:15-17 31
31:17 14
32:1-21 30
32:4 209
32:18 31
32:18-30 14
32:21 14
32:21-28 31
32:22-23 30
32:23-25 31
32:24-25 30
32:27 14
32:29-30 31
32:31-32 30
33 32
33:1-20 32
33:29 32
33:33 32
37:4-14 210
37 184, 210
39:4 209
280 Index of Ancient Sources Daniel
3:6-26 154
4 39
12 32
12:1-2 15, 17, 28, 32 Hosea
13:14 14, 19, 132
Joel
4:4 170
Amos
5:18 170
6:1 170
6:4 170
6:4-7 124
7:9 23
9:2 14, 24
Jonah
2 27
2:1-2 27
2:2 24
2:3-6 23
2:6 14, 28
2:6-7 28
2:10 28
Micah
2:1 170
Habakkuk
2 26
2:2 26
2:2-8 25
2:4 27
2:5 14, 19, 24,
27, 36, 132
2:6 170
2:6-8 27
2:7 27
2:8 27
2:9 170
2:11 193
Zephaniah
2:5 170
3:1 170
Zechariah
1-8 87
9:2-4 170
Malachi
4:1 101
New Testament Matthew
2:16 189, 198
3:1 166
3:2 118, 166
3:7 166
3:7-12 150
3:10 164, 166
3:10, 12 153, 163,
166, 168, 184, 190
3:12 150
3:13 166
4:17 118, 166
4:23 140
5-7 143
5:3 190, 227
5:4 199
5:5 144, 189
5:6 144, 189, 192
5:7 144, 191, 200
5:10 186, 190, 227
5:10-12 144, 185,
190, 227
5:11 190, 227
5:11-12 119
5:17-48 140
5:22 102, 150,155,
161, 163, 164, 167, 168, 184
5:27-28 189, 227
5:27-30 161
5:29 150, 153,
161, 163, 164, 167, 168, 184
5:29-30 117, 161,
163, 165
Index of Ancient Sources 281
5:30 151, 153,
163, 164 167, 168, 184
5:44-48 187
5:45 191
5:46-47 172
6-7 154
6:1-4 189,190, 227
6:1-18 189, 227
6:2 139, 154
6:5 154
6:7-8 172
6:16 154
6:24 190, 227
6:32 172
7:5 154
7:13 121
7:13-14 64, 168, 184
7:15-20 150, 163
7:15-23 159, 185
7:19 153, 163,
164, 166, 168, 184
7:21 142
7:21-23 166
8 169
8-9 169
8:10 121
8:10-12 159
8:11-12 120, 121, 122
8:12 121, 151,
154, 162, 163, 169
9:27 144
9:35 140
10 143
10:17 140
10:17-18 140
10:17-22 119
10:26-27 119
10:26-31 120
10:26-33 119
10:27 119
10:28 102, 119,
120, 122, 151, 153, 163, 165
10:28-31 157
10:29 157
10:29-31 157
10:30 157
11-12 118
11:2-12 146
11:20 117, 118
11:20-24 117, 118,
155, 170
11:20-30 170
11:21 118, 170
11:21-24 118
11:22-23 146
11:23a 118
11:23 122, 151,
154, 157, 159, 163, 170 171, 198
11:25-27 170
11:28-30 170, 171
11:50 146
12:9 140
12:28 139
12:33 164, 166
12:34 166
12:36-37 150, 168, 184
13 143, 162, 163
13:24-53 159
13:40 153, 163,
164, 165, 166
13:41 148
13:41-43 138, 220
13:42 151, 153,
154, 162, 163, 165
13:48 159
13:50 151, 153,
154, 162, 163, 165 13:53-17, 27 146
13:54 140
15-16 139
15:7 154
15:13-14 150, 163,
164, 167
15:22 144
16 147, 183,
184, 209
16:8 157
16:18 146, 148,
151, 154, 158, 163 16:24-28 150, 168, 184
16:27 184, 187, 197
17 184
282 Index of Ancient Sources
17:15 144
17:26 148
18 143, 147, 148
18:6-9 159, 160, 161
18:7 160, 170
18:8 153, 162, 165
18:8-9 160, 163, 167
18:9 117, 153
18:12-14 147
18:15-17 147
18:17 146, 147, 172
18:19 151
18:21-22 147
19:9 139
19:28-30 150
20:25 172
20:30-31 144
21:5 144
21:18-19 150
21:23-25 150
22:1-14 159
22:6 119
22:13 151, 154,
162, 163, 168, 169, 184
22:18 154
23 170, 172, 173
23:1-12 171
23:13-33 172
23:14 154
23:15 151, 153,
154, 163, 172
23:25 154
23:27 154
23:29 154
23:33 151, 153,
154, 155, 163, 166, 169, 172
23:34 140
23:34-36 119
24 189, 210
24-25 143, 168,
184, 216
24:3 184
24:4-5 184
24:5 185
24:11 185
24:19 154, 170
24:24 185
24:27 184
24:29 184
24:30 184, 187
24:31 184
24:32 164
24:51 151, 154,
162, 163,187
25 188, 189,
216, 230
25:14-46 142
25:30 151, 154,
159, 162, 163, 166, 168, 184, 188
25:31-34 198
25:31-46 166
25:32-33 166
25:41 153, 159,
162, 163, 166, 168, 184
25:41-46 187, 220
25:42-43 229
25:45-46 169, 184
25:46 153, 159
26-27 151
26-28 144
26:24 196, 200
26:36-38 144
26:42 144
26:52 144
26:64 184
27:4 144
27:19 144
27:34 200
28:52-53 184
Mark
8:27-10, 45 114
9 113, 116,
161, 220
9:2-10 186
9:33-50 113
9:35 114
9:38 114
9:38-50 114
9:41 112
9:42 112
9:42-50 113, 115,
160, 161
9:43 115, 133, 161
9:43-47 161
9:43-48 102, 112
Index of Ancient Sources 283
9:43-50 116, 117
9:47-48 108
9:48 114, 188
9:49-50 113
13 188
14:39 144
Luke
6:20, 24 124
9:51-18, 14 122
10:12 119
10:12-15 117
10:13 118
10:13-15 118
10:14 118
10:15 122
11:31-32 118
12:1 119
12:2-9 119, 120
12:3 120
12:4f 119
12:4-5 119, 120
12:5 122, 155
13:25-28 154, 162
13:28a 162
13:28 154
13:28-29 118
13:28-30 120, 122
13:30 121
16 122, 123, 125
16:19-31 122, 123, 125
16:20-21 124
16:22 126
16:23-24 124
16:24 124
16:30 125
19:40 193
21 188
John
3:18 201
5:24 152
6:39-54 155
7:37 155
11:24 155
12:48 155
14:14 201
15:16 201
16:23-36 201
Acts of the Apostles
2 112
Romans
1-2 195
1:4 194
1:20 193
1:32 98
2 190
2:5-11 112
2:6 197
2:9-10 184
2:17-4, 25 192, 193
5:14 195
5:15 195
6:5 194
8 193
8:19 193
8:19-23 192
1 Corinthians
1:31 193
5:1 193
15:5 112
15:21-22 195
2 Corinthians
5:14 201
10:17 193
12:1-5 192
12:2-4 192
Galatians
6:14 193
Philippians
3:3 193
3:10-11 194
1 Thessalonians
1:10 112
5:3 112
James
2:24 184
3 126, 127
3:1-12 126, 127
3:5-6 127
3:6 126, 127, 128
284 Index of Ancient Sources 1 Peter
1:17 184
2:12 151
3:18-22 112
2 Peter
1:16-18 186
1:16-2:10a 129
2 129, 130
2:1 129
2:1-3 130
2:3 130
2:4 128, 129, 131
2:5 131
2:6 131
2:7-8 131
2:12 131
2:13 131
2:14 131
2:20 131
Jude
1:7 162
4-16 130
5-7 130
12 164
22-23 201
Revelation
1 132
1:17-20 132, 133
1:18 132
2:4-5 132
2:9 132
2:14-15 132
3:1-3 132
3:15-16 132
6 132
6:1-17 132, 133
6:7-8 132
6:8 20, 132
15:2-3 136
16:7 214
17 63
18 63
19:2 135, 214
19:20 133, 135
19-21 133
19-22 136
20:4-6 136
20:10 133, 135
20:11-15 133
20:12-15 136, 184
20:13 20, 132, 183,
197, 209
20:14 132, 134, 135
20:14a 133
20:14b 133
20:14-15 133
20:15 135
20:15b 133
21:8 137
21:27 137
22:15 137
Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha Apocalypse of Sedrach 178
Apocalypse of Zephaniah 90, 94, 95, 98, 103, 105, 106, 107, 227 2 Baruch
2 Baruch 92
21:30 95
23:4 20
30:1 95
59:5-12 102
59:10 102, 115
85:13 102, 115, 157
3 Baruch
3 Baruch 92
4:6 133
10 134
16 90
16:7-8 91, 181
Cebetis Tabula
1:1-2:2 165
1 Enoch
1-5 88
1-36 85, 87, 88
6-16 88
6-36 88
10:6 133, 154
Index of Ancient Sources 285
10:13 102, 157
14 104
14-16 88
17-19 85, 86, 87, 95
17-36 88
18:9-16 102
20:2 130
21 95
21:1-6 94, 100
21:4 101
21:6 99
21:7-10 97, 100
21:8 101
22 79, 95, 96,
97, 105, 146
22:1-2 83
22:4 155
22:9-11 96
22:13 155
22:14 101
23:1-4 100
26-27 98, 102
27 97, 102, 225
27:1-3 96
27:2 99, 102
27:5 101, 106
37-71 92
48:8-10 102, 157
54:1-6 102
72-82 92
83-110 88
90:24-27 102
97:3 155
98:3 154
100:4 155
100:7-9 102, 157
102:5 20
103:7 20
103:7-8 102
108:3 154, 162
108:4-7 102, 157
108:5 162
2 Enoch
8-9 98
8-10 90, 97
8:1 94
9 98
9-10 229
10 105
10:2 102
10:4 98
10:5 98
30:15 33, 90, 165
36-66 90
38:3 186
40-41 186
40:12 90, 102, 154,
162, 186
40:12-41 104
41:1 186
41:2 104
41:4 101
42-66 105
42:1 90
44:3 167
2 Esdras
7:36 115
4 Ezra
4 197
4:35 95
4:41 95
7:3-15 33, 165
7:32 95
7:36 102
7:38-39 155
7:65-69 197
7:80 95
7:83 154, 162
7:85 95
7:95 95
7:101 95
7:102-105 155
7:113 155
7:121 95
12:34 155
Greek Apocalypse of Ezra
1:6 91, 196, 181
1:9 204
1:10-11 201
1:11 196
1:21 91, 181
1:22 197
2:7 196
2:10-32 196
2:25 200
2:32 197
4:4 197
286 Index of Ancient Sources
4:5 206
4:7-19 204
4:8-12 198
4:33 199
5:1-15 196
5:9 91, 181
5:11 199
5:14 91, 181
7:9-11 197
7:9-12 212
Judith
16:7 155
16:17 102
1 Maccabees
6 39
2 Maccabees
6:23 20
6:26 119
9 39
3 Maccabees
5:51 28, 158
4 Maccabees
9:9 162
12:12 162
13:14 119
Ps.-Philo
15:5 95
21:9 95
32:13 95
Psalms of Solomon
15:12 155
16:2 20, 28, 158
Sibylline Oracles
1:81-84 20
1:103 102, 115
2:195-205 133, 187
2:221-224 210
2:231 130
2:292 102
2:314-38 201
3:393 133
3:480 133
4:186 102, 115
8:231 154, 163
8:399-401 16, 33
Sirach/Ecclesiasticus
6:18-31 33, 165
21:10 33, 165
34:21-22 167
Testament of Abraham
A 8:9 20
19:7 20
Testament of Asher
1:3 – 5:4 33, 165 Testament of Job
23:7-8 157
Vision of Ezra
14 198
27 198
37-39 198
43 198
61 196
62 197
63 196
76 199
89 196
95 197
108 198
Wisdom of Solomon
1:12-16 20
16:13 20, 28, 158
Dead Sea Scrolls
1QH 11:19 96
1QH 11:32 96
1QS 2:7-8 102
1QH 3 102
1QS 6:25-27 167 1QS 7:2-5, 8-9 167
4Q184 38
4Q280 1.3 96
Index of Ancient Sources 287 4Q286 7 ii 4-5 96
4Q418 69 ii 96
4QEn 88
CD 2:5-7 102
Philo Agr. (De agricultura)
104 33, 165
Decal. (De decalogo)
173 127
Ebr. (De ebrietate)
150 33, 165
Opif. (De opificio mundi )
88 89
148 89
Praem. (De praemiis et poenis)
70 135
Post. (De posteritate Caini )
154 165
Josephus Ant. (Jewish Anitquities)
1.73 130
14.450 160
18.13-14 135
18.14, 27-33 97
J.W. (Jewish War)
2.155 97
2.163 97
4.484 134, 135
Patristic Sources Augustine
Civ. (De civitate dei)
21.1, 10 220
21.1-16 220
21.9 220
21.11 220
21.17-27 181, 187, 221
21.18 182. 217, 227
21.24 221
Conf. (Confessionum libri XIII)
1.13-14 50, 66
On Christian Teaching
2.145 50
Tract. ep. Jo. (In Evangelum Johannis tractatus)
98.8 177, 180
Clement of Alexandria Ecl. (Eclogae propheticae)
41 178, 217, 227
48 178, 217, 227
49 178, 217, 227
Paed. (Paedagogus)
3.12 224
Strom. (Stromata)
5.11.77 90, 95, 227
II 9.43 174
VI 6.45-46 174
Eusebius
Hist. eccl. (Historia ecclesiastica)
6.14.1-7 179
7.25.4 182
10.4 57
Praep. ev. (Praeparatio evangelica)
2.7, 6-7 61
Vit. Const. (Vita Constantini)
4.18-20 213
4.46 57
288 Index of Ancient Sources Gregory the Great
Forty Gospel Homilies
11.4 159
Dialogues
4.40-49 217
4.40 217
Moral (Expositio in Librum Job, sive Moralium libri xxv)
34.15.38 221
John Chrysostom Bapt. (De baptismo Christi)
8 219
Comm. Job (Commentarius in Job)
19 219
Comm. Matt. (Commentarius in Matthaeum)
69.2-3 168
Hom. Matt. (Homiliae in Matthaeum)
30.6 219
43 219, 220
Inan. glor. (De inani gloria)
52 218, 219
67 174, 218
76 218
Laz. (De Lazaro)
2.3 218
Paenit. (De Paenitentia)
7 219
Origen
Cels. (Contra Celsum)
III 58 49
Comm. Matt (Commentarium series in evangelium Matthaei)
17.16 168
Classical Sources Aphthonius
Progymnasmata
7.32-25 64
23-25 114
46-47 57, 58
47-49 56, 202
Aristotle
De memoria et reminiscentia
450 A-B 60
Politica
7.17 61
Rhetorica
2.2-11 60
3.11.3-4 110
3.11.4 69
1411b 24-25 55
Cicero
De or. (De oratore)
1.187-188 44
Part. or. (Partitiones oratoriae)
15.53 127
Homer Od. (Odyssey)
11 43, 69, 93,
130, 134
11.55 69, 206
11.568ff. 104
11.598 110
14.182 157
14.182 157
24 43
Il. (Illiad)
2.455-558 127
8.11-19 130
15.188 133
Index of Ancient Sources 289 Lucian
Dial. mort. (Diologi mortuorum)
1.3 71, 124
5.1 71, 93
5.1-2 116
5.2 71
14.1 74, 75, 210
343 109
Dream
7-15 124
Men. (Menippus)
4-5, 13 79
14 74, 79, 213
14-15 74, 163, 210
14-15, 30 124
15 74, 109
17 80, 169
20 80, 169, 213
20-21 115
21 80, 168
Somn. (Somnium (Vita Luciani))
1-13 45
Nicholaus Progymnasmata
7.35-47 64
67-68 58
67-71 57
Plato Critias
110D-112D 62, 99, 203 114E-120D 62, 99, 203 Phaedo
107D-108C 79, 105, 115, 168
107C-115A 43
113D-114C 78, 168 Resp. (Respublica)
2.378C1-D7 61
3.15 52, 66
3.386a-387b 66
8.30 52, 66
10.614-619 93
10.614C 77
10.614C-D 125
10.614C-615E 214
10.614D 77
10.615B 77
10.615E 77, 105, 214
10.618C 78
10.619A 78, 115
614 43
Plutarch Mor. (Moralia)
3.257D 160
7C-8F 51
12B 51
503E-540C 127
On the Delays of the Divine Vengeance
567B-D 106
On the Sign of Socrates
591A 70
591A-F 93
591B 70
591D 71
591D-F 71
Sera (De sera numinis vindicta)
564 90
564F-565F 81
565B 81, 115, 214
565C 81, 103, 208
566F 81, 125
567B 81, 115, 214
567C-D 81, 106
ps-Hermogenes Progymnasmata
6.12 63
6.12-13 64
6-8 114
10.22 61
22 58
22-23 57
Quintilian
1.8.4 66
290 Index of Ancient Sources
1.8.4-12 53
4.2.34 60
6.2.29-30 58
6.2.30 2, 60
6.2.31-2 63, 64, 76
6.2.32 59, 110, 115
8.3.67-9 58, 59
8.3.67-9, 71 117
8.3.71 60
10.7.23 56, 202
Theon
Progymnasmata
7.118 55, 205
7.119 56, 109, 205
96-106 114
109.3-11 63, 64, 76, 131
118 58
118-120 57
Tertullian
10.5-7 49
Virgil
6 43, 69
6.83-330 134
6.140-147 73
6.140-267 160, 209
6.246-167 73
6.247-258 73
6.258 73
6.268 134
6.298-301 73, 109
6.308 69, 93
6.417-425 209
6.550-560 146, 209
6.688-689 70
6.735-751 70
6.788-794 70
6.740-755 106, 133, 169, 216, 229 Strabo
1.1.16 51
1.1.22 47
1.2.18 134
2.5.26 51
5.4.5-6 134
16.42-44 134, 135
Xenophanes
10 53
11B 53
Index of Modern Authors Bacon, B. W. 143
Bauckham, R. 7, 8, 9, 130 Baun, J. R. 180 Bautch, K. C. 85 Bernstein, A. 3 Bertrand, D. 134 Betz, H. D. 164
Bornkamm, G. 148, 151, 152
Bovon, F. 123
Bremmer, J. 3, 8, 9, 215
Brown, P. 50
Clarke, M. L. 49 Collins, A. Y. 62, 63 Cribiore, R. 45
Dieterich, A. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 86
Freyne, S. 142
Himmelfarb, M. 6, 7, 9, 86, 92 Jaeger, W. 52
Johnson, L. T. 127
Joyal, M. 47
Kraus, H.-J. 37 Lehtipuu, O. 123
Marguerat, D. 152 Marrou, H. I. 45 Meeks, W. A. 224 Minois, G. 3 Morgan, T. 45 Newsom, C. A. 39, 86 Nicklas, T. 9
Pucci, P. 76
Rosenberg, R. 21, 22 Rousselle, A. 61, 63 Segal, A. F. 3 Senior, D. 141
Sim, D. 152
Stendahl, K. 144, 145 Strecker, G. 152 Thurén, L. 129 Vorgrimler, H. 3
Webb, R. 54, 57, 60, 111 Yieh, J. Y.-H. 145, 146
Young, F. 49
Zucker, D. J. 37
Subject Index Abaddon 17, 19, 22, 23, 41, 83,
Abyss 97 f., 112 f.
Acherusian Lake 134 Acherusian Plain 74 Acherusian Field 204
Angels 88, 91, 94, 95, 98, 130, 138, 166, 186, 187, 191, 192, 206, 214 Antichrist 198, 199
Antioch 61 f., 140 f., 218 Atonement 214 f.
Ascent 88, 89, 95, 170 Asia Minor 218, 227 Beatitudes 189, 196, 199 Beasts 209
Biblical interpretation 144 Biblical theology 199, 200, 201 Church fathers 11, 13, Coptic 90, 91, 180, 192, 227 Creation 88, 157, 193, 194, 195,
228
Dante 1, 2, 180, 231 Dark 23, 41, 83, 160, 208
Descent 2, 4, 8, 67, 68, 83, 85, 95, 117, 170, 171, 222
Dogs 73, 124
Egypt 31, 40, 91, 135
Ekphrasis 9, 44, 84, 86, 87, 92, 93, 99, 101, 103, 104, 106, 122, 133, 137, 153, 175, 218-223, 225, 226, 228, 230, 231
Elijah 36 f., 91, 92, 94, 95, 98, 99, 102 f., 103, 106, 107, 186 Enargeia 9, 59, 60, 63, 69, 100,
101, 104, 112, 113, 115-117, 119, 124, 125, 127, 128, 137, 138, 139, 153, 161, 162, 167, 169, 173, 174, 210, 226, 228 Enlightenment 2, 231
Enoch 36 f., 85, 90, 94-101, 104- 106, 186 f., 203 f.,
Er 77, 78, 125
Eschatology 13, 68 f., 133, 141, 146 f., 148, 182, 184, 186, 188, 189, 194, 200, 202, 226, Essenes 83 f., 97 f.,
Ethiopic 88, 97 f., 175, 176, 177, 186, 188 f., 227
Ezra 178 f., 201, 202, 204, 212 f., 213
False Witness 144
Fire 24, 25 f., 26, 75 f., 96 f., 98, 101, 108, 115, 126, 127, 131, 134-137, 138, 150, 154, 156, 157 f., 162-167, 187, 188, 198, 204, 210, 218, 220
Gehenna 10, 11 f., 14 f., 17, 25, 26, 41, 43, 83, 95, 99, 102, 103, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116 f., 117, 119, 120, 122 f., 126, 130, 151, 153, 155, 156, 157, 161, 164, 165, 167, 173, 204 f., 218 f., 219 f., 222, 226
Geography 85, 93 f., 95f., 98, 105, 133, 135, 204 f.,
God 10 f., 15 f., 21, 24, 26-28, 30, 31 f., 32, 35, 38, 39, 40, 85, 88, 94, 103 f., 105, 108, 112 f., 119, 120, 121, 127, 128 f., 144, 146 f., 147 f., 148, 151, 159 f., 167, 169, 171 f., 184, 181, 185, 191, 192, 194, 199, 200, 201, 207, 212 f., 213, 214, 215 f., 217, 219, 221, 229 f.
gods/goddesses 40, 53 f., 59 f., 70, 73, 80 f., 98, 110 f., 136
Guide 52, 56, 57, 79, 80, 84, 90, 91, 92, 99, 100, 105 f., 189, 203, 204 f., 206, 212 f., 219
Hades 2, 4, 5f., 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 20 f., 21 f., 42, 44, 67, 68, 69, 70- 81, 83, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93, 98-107,
