Evolutionary Fis Evolutionary Fis Evolutionary Fis
Mikko Heino (University of Bergen N Mikko Heino (University of Bergen, N Evolution and E Evolution and E Ulf Dieckmann (Evoluti Ulf Dieckmann (Evoluti
Fishing as a Driving Force of Evolution Fishing as a Driving Force of Evolution
A key determinant of life-history diversity is the trade-off between fitn
A key determinant of life-history diversity is the trade-off between fitn
Example: growing big requires sacrificing early reproduction in f
Example: growing big requires sacrificing early reproduction in f Benefits of growing big:
outgrowing natural predators
big fisBenefits of growing big:
outgrowing natural predators
big fisCosts of growing big:
loss of reproduction in early life
chancCosts of growing big:
loss of reproduction in early life
chanc Fishing reduces the benefits and increases the costs of gro
Fishing reduces the benefits and increases the costs of gro
Evidence Evidence
Trends towards
Trends towards
In agreement
In agreement
Other explana
Other explana
Method develope
Method develope
Applied now i
Applied now i
Most cases su
Most cases su
Period of heavy exploitation coincided with Period of heavy exploitation coincided with declining age at maturation in northern cod declining age at maturation in northern cod (Ol t l 2004)
(Olsen et al. 2004)
Consequenc
J
Consequenc
ør
q
rge
Fish adapted to
en
Fish adapted to
nse
tolerate more
en
tolerate more
n e
may be more
et
may be more
al
are less produ
. 2
are less produ
20
are on a erag
07
are on averag
7 S
Fisheries ind ce
Sc
Fisheries-induce
cieenccee
Evolutionary Evolutionary y
W d t
We need to asse
i fi h
ongoing fishe
Fisheries induced evolution
g g iti ti t
Fisheries-induced evolution
mitigating act
→ ecosystem services
g g N f k
→ ecosystem services
New framework:
S ti i
Q tif
th
Supporting services
Quantify
the
g
P i i i i y
population un
Provisioning services
population un
g
Jørgensen
Regulating servicesg g
Jørgensen
Cultural services
Cultural services
References References
H i M Di k U d G d O R 2002 M i L
Heino, M., Dieckmann, U., and Godø, O. R. 2002. Measuring , , , , , g Laugen probabilistic reaction norms for age and size at maturation
g
Evolutio probabilistic reaction norms for age and size at maturation. Evolutio
Evolution 56: 669–678. conseq
Evolution 56: 669 678. conseq
Jørgensen, C., Enberg, K., Dunlop, E. S., et al. 2007. Managing g , , g, , p, , g g manage evolving fish stocks Science 318: 1247 1248 Olsen evolving fish stocks. Science 318: 1247–1248. Olsen,
indicativ indicativ N t
Nature
sheries Management sheries Management sheries Management
Norway; Institute of Marine Research Norway;
Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Norway;
Ecology Program IIASA) Ecology Program, IIASA)
ion and Ecology Program IIASA) ion and Ecology Program, IIASA)
©© NNaasjon
ness gains in early and late life
na
ness gains in early and late life lb
favour of growth
ib
favour of growth lio
sh are highly fecund
ote
sh are highly fecund eke
ce of dying before reproduction
et,
ce of dying before reproduction , N
owing big → fishing favours faster life
No
owing big → fishing favours faster life orwwaay
earlier maturation are ubiquitous in heavily exploited fish stocks earlier maturation are ubiquitous in heavily exploited fish stocks
with predicted fisheries induced evolution with predicted fisheries-induced evolution ations are possible
ations are possible
ed at IIASA helps to disentangle explanations (Heino et al 2002) ed at IIASA helps to disentangle explanations (Heino et al. 2002)
n 13 species representing >30 cases n 13 species, representing >30 cases
uggest that fisheries induced evolution has occurred uggest that fisheries-induced evolution has occurred
ces ces
fishing:
fishing:
overfishing overfishing
sensitive to long term fluctuations?
sensitive to long-term fluctuations?
uctive uctive
ge smaller ge smaller
ed e ol tion can diminish the al e of fish as a reso rce ed evolution can diminish the value of fish as a resource
y Impact Assessment y Impact Assessment
y p
t d b fit ess costs and benefits:
i i d d l ti
ries-induced evolution iions
th
E l ti I t A t (E IA)
the
Evolutionary Impact Assessment (EvoIA) y p ( )
f fi h i i d d l ti
tilitf fi h consequences of fisheries-induced evolution on utility q
yof a fish nder alternative management
actionsincluding the status quo nder alternative management actions, including the status quo g g n et al 2007 Laugen et al 2012
n et al. 2007, Laugen et al. 2012
A T E lh d G H Whitl k R t l 2012 n, A. T., Engelhard, G. H., Whitlock, R., et al. 2012. , , g , , , ,
onary impact assessment: Accounting for evolutionary onary impact assessment: Accounting for evolutionary
uences of fishing in an ecosystem approach to fisheries uences of fishing in an ecosystem approach to fisheries
t Fi h d Fi h i i
ement. Fish and Fisheries, in press
E M Heino M Lilly G R et al 2004 Maturation trends E. M., Heino, M., Lilly, G. R., et al. 2004. Maturation trends ve of rapid evolution preceded the collapse of northern cod ve of rapid evolution preceded the collapse of northern cod.
428 932 935 428: 932–935.
