Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 187
We Are Being Transformed
Deification in Paul's Soteriology
Bearbeitet von M. David Litwa
1. Auflage 2012. Buch. XVI, 343 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 11 028331 0
Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23 cm Gewicht: 664 g
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Contents
Abbreviations . . . XV Introduction: The Logic and History of Deification in Pauline
Research . . . 1
Transcendence and Deification in Hellenistic Religion . . . 1
The “Otherness” of Deification . . . 6
Paul and Deification . . . 10
History of Research . . . 13
Recent Research on Paul and Deification . . . 21
Results . . . 27
The Method of this Study . . . 30
Conclusion: A Working Definition of Deification, and Issues of Clarification . . . 31
Part I: The Context of Deification in Paul
Chapter 1: What is a God? Defining Divinity in the Greco-Roman World . . . 37Introduction . . . 37
Formulating the Right Question . . . 38
Divinity in the Greco-Roman World . . . 41
Immortality . . . 44
Power . . . 46
Power, Divinity, and Kings . . . 47
Ancient Jewish Conceptions of Divinity . . . 50
The Pauline Understanding of Divinity . . . 55
Conclusion . . . 57
Chapter 2: Survey of Deification: Assimilation to Specific Deities 58 Introduction . . . 58
The Greek Vocabulary of Deification . . . 58
Evaluation . . . 61
Deification in Homer . . . 62
Deification in Hesiod, Pindar, and the Homeric Poets . . . 63
Historical Precursors to Ruler Cult . . . 66
Deification in the Ruler Cult . . . 68
Philip II . . . 68
Demetrius Poliorcetes . . . 71
Ruler Cult in Ptolemaic Egypt . . . 74
Ptolemaic Assimilation to Dionysus . . . 77
Background on Dionysus-Osiris . . . 77
The Beginnings of Roman Ruler Cult: Marc Antony’s Assimilation to Dionysus . . . 81
Conclusion . . . 85
Chapter 3: The Jewish Roots of Deification . . . 86
Introduction: Jews and Greeks on the Boundaries Between the Human and the Divine . . . 86
The Biblical Roots of Deification . . . 97
The Meaning of Iconic Similarity . . . 100
The Glorified Moses in Philo . . . 106
Sharing God’s Divine Sovereignty: The Divinity of Israelite Kings. 109 Conclusion . . . 115
Part II Sharing the Divine Identity
Chapter 4: Divine Corporeality and the Pneumatic Body . . . 119Introduction . . . 119
The Bodies of the Gods . . . 120
From the Glory Body to the Pneumatic Body . . . 127
The Problem at Corinth . . . 128
The Nature of Paul’s Pneumatic Body . . . 129
Comparison of the Pauline Pneumatic Body with the Stoic Soul. 137 Celestial Immortality . . . 140
Celestial Immortality in Jewish Sources . . . 147
Paul and Celestial Immortality . . . 148
Contents
XII
Chapter 5: Divine Corporeality and Deification . . . 152
Introduction . . . 152
Celestial Immortality as Deification . . . 152
The Divinity of the Heavens . . . 154
The Human Pneuma as a Divine Reality . . . 158
Deification in Paul . . . 161
Connaturality . . . 166
Conclusion . . . 169
Chapter 6: Deification and the Cosmic Rule of the Saints . . . 172
Introduction . . . 172
The Battle of the Gods: Cultural Antecedents . . . 173
Paul’s Myth of Battling Gods . . . 176
The Rule of the Saints in Pre-Christian Judaism . . . 179
Paul and the Promise of Eschatological Lordship . . . 182
Results: The Question of Deification . . . 188
Conclusion . . . 190
Chapter 7: Paul and Moral Assimilation to God . . . 193
Introduction . . . 193
Platonic Assimilation to God . . . 195
Virtue and Deification . . . 196
The Mode of Deification through Moral Virtue . . . 200
Paul, Virtue, Self-Transcendence, and the Question of Deification 206 Deepening the Comparison . . . 209
Paul and Assimilation to God . . . 212
2 Corinthians 3:18 as Moral Assimilation to God . . . 216
Conclusion . . . 223
Part III: Addressing the Challenges: Monotheism and Divine Transcendence
Chapter 8: Monotheism and Divine Multiplicity . . . 229Problematizing Exclusivist Monotheism . . . 231
Contents XIII
Towards a Theory of Ancient Jewish Monotheism . . . 239
The Status of Other Numina . . . 245
Paul and Summodeism . . . 248
The Meaning of God’s Oneness in Ancient Judaism . . . 251
Conclusion . . . 256
Chapter 9: Creation and the Objection of Absolute Transcendence 258 Introduction . . . 258
Shareable and Unshareable Divinity . . . 262
Mediate Divinity and Participation . . . 263
Non-creating and Created Gods . . . 266
God the Creator . . . 270
The Question of Idolatry . . . 274
Conclusion . . . 274
Excursus: Worship and Divinity . . . 275
Conclusion . . . 282
Limitations and Clarifications . . . 283
Results . . . 299
Bibliography . . . 301
Primary Sources . . . 301
Secondary Sources . . . 305
Subject Index . . . 326
Contents
XIV
