TA immunity.notebook
1 April 18, 2016
Apr 1314:27
Immunology.
We are learning:
The works of Pasteur and Koch.
Different bacterial diseases.
The difference bacterial and viral infection.
The innate response.
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In the 1870s, both Koch and Pasteur were studying the disease anthrax — Koch on identifying and isolating the microbes responsible for the disease, and Pasteur on immunizing against it. Koch and his colleagues soon began finding faults in Pasteur's work, effectively starting a rivalry of sorts between the two. Luckily, this particular rivalry proved very beneficial to humanity as a whole, as both men made significant contributions to the field of microbiology as well as germ theory.
Louis Pasteur Robert Koch
Apr 1409:24
Anthrax.
Apr 1409:26
Leprosy
Globally in 2012, the number of chronic cases of leprosy was 189,000 down from some 5.2 million in the 1980s.The number of new cases was 230,000. Most new cases occur in 16 countries, with India accounting for more than half.In the past 20 years, 16 million people worldwide have been cured of leprosy.
About 200 cases are reported per year in the United States
Apr 1409:04 The bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis Prevention is through public health measures such as not handling dead animals in areas where plague is common. Vaccines have not been found to be very useful for plague prevention.
Several antibiotics are effective for treatment including streptomycin, gentamicin, and doxycycline. Without treatment it results in the death of 30% to 90% of those infected. Death if it occurs is typically within ten days.
With treatment the risk of death is around 10%.Globally in 2013 there were about 750 documented cases which resulted in 126 deaths.The disease is most common in Africa.
Plague is believed to be the cause of the Black Death that swept through Asia, Europe, and Africa in the 14th century and killed an estimated 50 million people.
This was about 25% to 60% of the European population. Because the plague killed so many of the working population, wages rose due to the demand for labor. Some historians see this as a turning point in European economic development.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kScxc9DPrnY Black death.
Apr 1314:34
Bacterial structure
TA immunity.notebook
2 April 18, 2016
Apr 1314:34
Viral structures
Apr 1414:40
Bacterial diseases V's Viral diseases
Bacterial
Can be fought by antibiotics
Can be fought by white blood cells (lymphocytes) Can be fought by fever.
Viral
Can be fought by antibodies Can be fought by fever Vaccination by weakened viruses Not a living organism Infect cells to reproduce
Virus Bacteria
Can be fought by fever
Task 1. In your book, make a table to show the difference between viral and bacterial infections.
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First line of defense. Skin and mucous membranes.
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Second line of defense. Non specific, (innate) response.
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White blood cells (Lymphocytes)
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Phagocytes. Meaning 'eating cell'
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/
defendingagainstinfectionrev4.shtml
There are different types of phagocytes, these include macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophiles, basophiles, Natural killer cells (NK cells), dendritic cells and mast cells.
Macrophages meaning 'large eaters' are the most efficient type of phagocyte Neutrophiles (Inc eosinophiles and basophiles) contain granules that kill or neutralise bacteria and fungi.
Dendritic cells digest pathogens and display parts of what they have digested on their surface membrane.
Other lymphocytes that do not directly attack pathogens include:
Natural killer cells digest infected 'self' cells.
Mast cells initiate inflammation and signal neutrophiles and macrophages to come to the site of infection.
