V Foreword
In publishing the "Proceedings of the XXXIInd icanas" the Organizing Committee and the Secretary General as also the Vice-Secretary General complete their task and fulfil their com¬
mitment. In order to give as exact a picture as possible of the Congress, the Proceedings include the Programme, too, but of course as it actually took place according to conveners' records. Thanks to the kind cooperation of the participants it has been possible to achieve almost ideal completeness as regards the documentation of the papers read at the Congress.
In by far the most cases only summaries of the papers are included, but in some the limit of
600 words has not been observed by the authors, and in other cases we were even obliged
to publish the full text of the paper. This unevenness is regretted: It is not deliberate, but nor could it be avoided as it has ultimately been brought about by a change of opinion on the part of the Organizing Committee during the Congress itself and by the inability to inform all the conveners in time.
It should also be noted that as a rule the text of the abstracts is printed here without any major alterations. Only glaring printing errors have been corrected. The transcription has in general not been standardized, and it has also seemed advisable to keep the English as it is used by the participants themselves.
The undersigned feel that they should last but not least apologize for the long delay in
bringing out the "Proceedings". Many difficulties had to be overcome in order to reach this goal. Suffice it to say that getting the necessary subsidy towards the printing costs was not
as easy as expected and that members of the Organizing Committee took their time before
returning the proofs of the abstracts of their sections. However, the undersigned consider it more important, nay a most pleasant obligation, to express their deep gratitude to all those without whose help the camera ready copy of the Proceedings could not have been prepared,
viz. to Mrs. Agnes Janietz, Miss Silja Behnken, Miss Barbara Bomhoff, Mrs. Josette
Haferkom-Schwab, Miss Rita Langer and Mr. Burkhard Quessel.
It is no less a pleasant obligation to thank the "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft" for their
substantial financial support and the Franz Steiner Verlag for their unique publishing
expertise.
Albrecht Wezler Emst Hammerschmidt
vi
Organizers OF THE
XXXII International Congress for Asian and North African Studies
under the patronage of
Dr. Richard von Weizsäcker,
President of the Federal Republic of Germany
Officers of tlie Congress Organizing Committee
Honorary Presidents:
Prof. Dr. Dr. Herbert Franke, Präsident der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Prof. Dr. Drs. h.c. Bertold Spuler
President:
Prof. Dr. l^thar Ledderose
Erster Vorsitzender der Deutschen Morgeniändischen Gesellschaft
Secretary General:
Prof Dr. Albrecht Wezler
Vice-Secretary General:
Prof DDr. Ernst Hammerschmidt
Conveners of the Sections:
Section
Prof Dr. Friedrich Bischoff 3
Prof Dr. Ronald E. Emmerick 3B/D,6 and 15
Prof. Dr. Roger Goepper I
Prof DDr. Ernst Hammerschmidt 4
Prof Dr. Walter Heissig 3A
Prof. Dr. Petra Kappert-Haase 13
Prof. Dr. Albrecht Noth 7
Prof. Dr. Dr. Jutta Rall-Niu 12
Prof Dr. Gemot Rotter 8
Prof Dr. Lambert Schmithausen 2
Prof Dr. Roland Schneider 53
Prof Dr. David Seyfort Ruegg 3C
Prof Dr. Drs. h.c. Bertold Spuler 9
Prof. Dr. Srinivasa A. Srinivasan 10
Prof Dr. Hans Stumpfeldt 5 and 5A
Dr. Hartmut Walravens 14
Prof Dr. Dr. Dr. h.c. Klaus Wenk 11
