TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE HIGH-ENERGY RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES

CORE-SCCER CONFERENCE, 20 November 2020, Bern

CORE-SCCER CONFERENCE, 20 November 2020, Bern

ACHIEVEMENTS

Energy research conference, 20 November 2020, Biel

TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE

HIGH-ENERGY RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES

MOTIVATION

Enabling more sustainable and robust energy storage in support of the implementation of Swiss Energy Strategy 2050. The integration of the fluctuating renewable energy sources requires easily available energy storage solutions with high efficiency. Batteries represent the most efficient energy storage as compared to other technologies.

SWISS COMPETENCE CENTER FOR ENERGY RESEARCH HEAT & ELECTRICITY STORAGE

New Co-free materials – PSI & UNIFR

Electrolyte Additives – PSI, UNIFR & Empa Material and electrode – Empa & ETHZ

Demonstrator – all partners

 NMC811 delivers higher capacity than NMC111

 NMC811 is more reactive than NMC111

 Requires electrolyte that minimizes LiF formation

 92% capacity retention after 200 cycles at ~4 mAh/cm

²

 Scaling up of NMC811 synthesis to 500 g per batch

 Preliminary results on single-crystalline NMC811

Vidal Laveda et al. ACS Appl. Ene. Mater. 2019 Zhao et al. in preparation

• 230 Wh/kg are expected, when scaled up to a pouch cell with a stack of 10 double-side-coated anode/cathode pairs

• 284 Wh/kg are expected in an ideal case

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

Specific charge(mAh g-1)

Cycle number

Standard EL MTE-TMS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102

Standard EL MTE-TMS

Cycle number

Coulombic efficiency (%)

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2

-500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

dQ/dV (mAh g-1 V-1)

Voltage (V)

1st 10th 20th 50th 75th 100th

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2

-500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

dQ/dV (mAh g-1 V-1)

Voltage (V)

1st 10th 20th 50th 75th 100th 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4

Voltage (V)

Specific charge (mAh g

^-1

)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 3.0

3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4

Voltage (V)

Specific charge (mAh g

^-1

)

Graphite||NCM851005 full-cells C/5

C/10

e 3.0–4.25 V

f

61%

84%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

98.5 99.0 99.5 100.0

Cycle number

CE (%)

c

a b

d

10th 20th

100th 75th 50th 1st

100th 75th 50th 20th 10th 1st

MT E-TM S EC DEC

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

Energy level (eV)

0.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00

Current (mA)

Po tential ( V) vs . Li/Li

+ Standard ELMTE-TMS 3.63.73.83.94.04.14.24.3

Potential (V) vs. Li/Li +

Current (mA)

X Axis Title

3.54.04.55.05.56.0 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

Current (mA)

Po tential ( V) vs. Li/Li

+ Standard EL MTE-TMS

3.03.23.43.63.84.04.2 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Current (mA)

Po tential ( V) vs. Li/Li

+ Standard EL MTE-TMS 3.43.53.63.73.83.9Potential (V) vs. Li/Li +

Current (mA)

b

Oxidationof MTE-TMS

-7.044 -0.172

-8.415 0.005

-8.044 0.065

Moreoxidative Morereductive

a

c

ΔV=0.181

ΔV=0.205

d

Reductionof MTE-TMS HOMO LUMO

3.77 V 3.83 V

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102

Coulombic efficiency (%)

Cycle number

Standard EL AEDB

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4

-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

dQ/dV (mAh g-1 V-1 )

Voltage (V)

1st 2nd 10th 20th 50th 100th

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4

Voltage (V)

Specific charge ( mAh g

^-1

)

1st 2nd 10th 20th 50th 100th

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4

-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

dQ/dV (mAh g-1 V-1 )

Voltage (V)

1st 2nd 10th 20th 50th 100th

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4

Voltage (V)

Specific charge (mAh g

^-1

)

1st 2nd 10th 20th 50th 100th

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

Specific charge (mAh g-1 )

Cycle number

Standard EL AEDB

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

-Z'' (Ohm)

Z' (Ohm)

Standard EL AEDB

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

-Z'' (Ohm)

Z' (Ohm)

AEDB Standard EL

Graphite||NCM851005 full-cells C/5

C/10

a b

e

3.0–4.35 V h

88%

21%

c

d f

g

1 ^st

100 ^th

4.3 V vs Li ⁺ /Li 4.4 V vs Li ⁺ /Li

• Stabilizes performance of the low-Co cathodes at high potentials

• Improves energy density

• Improved low-Co materials

• Thick cathodes and anodes for high energy density

• Patterned graphite electrodes for high power

• Co-free cathode materials with improved rate capability

ADVANCED BATTERY AND BATTERY MATERIALS - WP2

WP Leader, PSI: P. Novák

PSI PI: S. Trabesinger

ETHZ/Empa PI: M. Kovalenko Uni Fribourg PI: K. Fromm

Empa PI: C. Battaglia

BFH PI: A. Fuerst

GOALS

• The development of materials with low-cobalt for next generations of advanced batteries, ideally Co-free materials

• Understanding and improving current and next-generation battery materials

• Improving battery performance in terms of energy density, lifetime and safety

200 nm

More information: http://www.sccer-hae.ch/storagehandbook.php