Group Dynamics: Theory. Research. and Practice
2001, Vol. 5. No. 1.3-18 Copyright 200 1 by the Educational Publishing Foundation
1089-2699/01/$5.00 DOI: 10.1037//1089-2699.5.1.3
High Performance and Meeting Participation:
An Observational Study in Software Design Teams
Sabine Sonnentag
University of Amsterdam
This study compared high and moderate performers' involvement in cooperation processes. The author used an observational method to exarnine meeting participation of 60 software professionals from 10 software projects. Analyses showed that high performers participated more in the overall meeting process. In poody structured meetings, high performers contributed more to process regulation activities, such as meeting management, goal setting, problem comprehension, and feedback seeking. No differences in process regulation activities were found for highly structured meetings.
Contributions to team processes as a whole differed largely across individual team members, with high performers playing an important role and showing a high adapta- tion to the specific situational requirements.
Modern work organizations need employees who are highly skilIed and knowledgeable in their domain. Moreover, because many organi- zations increasingly rely on teamwork and other cooperative work arrangements, cooperation competencies are required (Cannon-Bowers, Tannenbaum, Salas, & Volpe, 1995; Stevens &
Campion, 1994).
One area of psychological research that con- centrates on the characteristics of highly skilIed and knowledgeable individuals is the study of expertise and expert performance (Ericsson &
Lehmann, 1996; Ericsson & Smith, 1991b).
This line of research has a long tradition within cognitive psychology and has been recently adapted to more applied areas of psychology (Ford & Kraiger, 1995; Sonnentag, 2000).
However, until now only a little has been known about how highly skilIed and knowl- edgeable individuals playapart in cooperation
Sabine Sonnentag, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
This research was supported by Grants So 29511-1 and 1-2 from the German Research Community (DFG), which are gratefully acknowledged. Preliminary results of this study were presented at the International Work Psychology Conference, Sheffield, United Kingdom, July 1998.
I thank Rabea Munzert for her help in categorizing the data.
Correspondence concerning this artic1e should be ad- dressed to Sabine Sonnentag, who is now at the Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Postbox 5560 042, 0-78457 Konstanz, Germany. Electronic mail may be sent to sabine.sonnentag@uni-konstanz.de.
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processes and how they bring to bear their com- petencies in teamwork settings.
Research on these individuals' involvement in cooperation processes is important in several ways. First, it helps in adapting existing the- ory on expertise- until now mainly concerned with explaining excellent task accomplish- ment in individual settings (Ericsson & Smith, 1991b)-to group work settings that are highly relevant for modern work organizations (West, Borrill, & Unsworth, 1998). Second, because involvement in cooperation processes offers op- portunities for learning, findings on skilIed and knowledgeable individuals' participation in co- operation processes can contribute to knowl- edge about how expertise develops. Third, with respect to team functioning, such study findings add to research to input-process-output models of team functioning (Hackman& Morris, 1975) and specify how differences between team members are reflected in their contributions to the team process.
This article concentrates on a specific type of cooperative work settings, that is, team meet- ings. It presents findings from a study that ex- arnined differences in meeting participation be- tween highly and moderately performing soft- ware professionals.
The Concept of Expertise and High Performance
Expertise is a relatively broad concept that refers to high, outstanding, and exceptional per- First publ. in: Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 5 (2001), 1, pp. 3-18
Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://www.ub.uni-konstanz.de/kops/volltexte/2008/5691/
URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-56917
