Image: NOAA
clicOPEN clicOPEN
IPY 34 IPY 34
A multi-national and multi- disciplinary initiative of European and South
American Scientists to
investigate CLImate Change in COastal areas of the Antarctic PENinsula
Mean aerial warming at Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP):
2-3°C (3.6-5.4 F) in 50 yrs
Esperanza (Argentina) KGI
Rothera - UK
Palmer, US Vernadsky/Faraday
Ukraine
Poland
Korea Chile Brazil
Polar Research Stations along WAP :
First Row Seats for investigation of climate linked changes in marine and terrestrial coastal systems
• 9 polar stations along the Peninsula
• scientists from 16 countries
• > 50 individual projects
Russian Bellingshausen Station
Argentina-Germany- Netherlands
Dallmann-Jubany
Long-Term Data Sets: Compilation – Intercalibration - Completion
-1,5 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Monthly mean temperature difference between Arctowsky and Bellingshausen
oC
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
YEARS -8
-6 -4 -2 0
ANNUAL MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE,0C
BELLINSHAUSEN 1969-2006, trend + 0.03 ± 0.02 C/year RECONSTRUCTION 1944-1968, Marshal & Lagun, 2001 F ARADAY / VER NADSKY 1945-2005, trend +0.05 ± 0.03 C/year
•How representative and reliable are these data?
•How high is the regional variability?
at Bellingshausen
and Vernadsky Station
Air Temperature Recordings:
King George Island
Intercalibration between Bellingshausen (Russia) and Arctowski (Poland) Data Sets from King George Island Data by Victor Lagun, Arctic & Antarctic Res Center of Russia, St Petersburg
Modeling spatial and temporal glacier dynamics and melt water discharge along WAP
Melting glacier on
West side of Galindez ice cap:
Ice loss between 2002 to 2004 equals 50 000 m3
Oceanographic Records at
Vernadsky Station document
worrisomely high summer temperatures 4.2°C
2004 2002
Data by Gennadi Milinevsky
National Antarctic Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine
Europe & global:
WAP glaciers add
0.2mm/yr to global sea level rise
Foto: K. Zacher, AWI
Effects on WAP coastal systems:
air warming -> glacier melting -> rock erosion at glacier underside
Unpubl. data by C. Dominguez & A. Eraso (Univ Salamanca, Spain) Daily periodicity of glacier melt water signals High gages during times of highest daily air T -> turbidity signal
0 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,1 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,2
06.01.2007 01:00
06.01.2007 16:00
07.01.2007 07:00
07.01.2007 22:00
08.01.2007 13:00
09.01.2007 04:00
09.01.2007 19:00
10.01.2007 10:00
11.01.2007 01:00
11.01.2007 16:00
12.01.2007 07:00
12.01.2007 22:00
13.01.2007 13:00 UTC Time
Level (m)
0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500
Turbidity (NTU) -
melt water sediment load
Micro-
zooplankton
Copepods
Jelly fish
Phyto < 20 µm
Krill
Phyto > 20 µm
Phytoplankton
Courtesy of
I. Schloss (IAA, B. Aires, Arg) M. Vernet (Scripps Inst, US)
SURFACE FRESHENING
Bacteria
SURFACE FRESHENING and CHANGES IN COASTAL FOOD WEBS
LIFETIME ENERGY BUDGETS and AGEING :
What mechanisms prolong fitness to very old age in Antarctic Benthos ?
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
log age (ye ars) log (nmol O2 * mg protein-1 * min-1 )
relative age (% maximum lifespan)
North Sea mud clam
Antarctic mud clam
Long life expectancy in polar animals Cell respiration is maintained over age
Antarctic molluscs
maintain high levels of cellular antioxidants to prevent free radical damage of cells and chromosoms. They age slowlyand maintain their mitochondria intact over lifetime.
We investigate HOW they do that.
Courtesy of Eva Philipp (Alfred-Wegener Inst, Germany)
Mitochondria
are cellular energizers
0 5 10 15 20 25
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512
Annual mean te mpe rature (°C)
Maximum lifespan (years)
Habitat temperature
years
Environmental Genetics New Technologies
New model systems : animals, plants,
cells from polar species Cold & high oxygen adapted
proteins
Novel metabolic pathways and molecular interactions
Speciation and genetic heterogeneity/flexibility of Antarctic populations
Examine and model the
potential of polar species to
respond to Rapid Climate Change
Antarctic marine organisms were isolated > 25 Ma
under extreme
environmental conditions
Biotechnology at low temperature Gene flow to and
along Antarctic Peninsula Antarctic genetic markers &
DNA-arrays
clicOPEN interactive program structure
Data management (Pangaea) historical data, inter-calibration Rules for data storage and
access to metadata within program GIS based visualization (KGIS, etc)
Steering committee (& observers)
workshops symposia
glaciers ecosystems
species
share tools
Inter-disciplinary projects financed through national funding agencies
clicopen@lists.wdc-mare.org connects> 100 scientists Common sampling patterns, experimentation procedures Cross sampling between projects
Joint use of stations in IPY Exchange of students
and expertise between labs
equipment
platforms
long term data
genetic tools
….
METADATA
Process models
clicOPEN: cooperation network for young scientists
Student work and study in multi-national teams.
They have access to a wide range of expertise, improve language skills, and widen their horizon in many ways……
Network supports student
exchange btw. labs and countries Young scientists are involved in scientific planning meetings
and organization.
Last clicOPEN workshop in Bremerhaven, Germany in Oct 2006
