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(1)

Sugar beet pulp and silage quality Sugar beet pulp and silage quality

Ueli Wyss

Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux, Switzerland

Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products

(2)

77

84

19 12

4 4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Proportion of silages, %

1999 2000

Quality of beet pulp silage from Swiss farms

Quality of beet pulp silage from Swiss farms

(3)

Quality problems

Butyric acid

Moulds

(4)

Transport by railway

(5)

Experiments

2001

z Variant 1: 41 t sugar beet pulp with 20 % DM (standard)

z Variant 2: 29 t sugar beet pulp with 27 % DM (dry) Ensiled in two tower silos (70 m 3 )

2002

z Variant 1: sugar beet pulp with 22 % DM (standard)

z Variant 2: sugar beet pulp with 29 % DM (dry)

Ensiled in three bunker silos on farms

(6)

Density of the silages in the tower silos

z Variant 1: 874 kg fresh or 171 kg DM per m 3

z Variant 2: 760 kg fresh or 207 kg DM per m 3

z Variant 1: 4.5 cm per day

z Variant 2: 5.0 cm per day

Unloading (mechanical unloader)

from November to January

February to March only 1 to 3 cm per day

(7)

Development of the temperature in the silos with 20 und 27 % DM

(Tower silos 70 m 3 )

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Days after ensiling

Temperature, °C

20 % DM - center 20 % DM - border

27 % DM - center 27 % DM - border

Minimum outside temperature

Beginning of unloading

(8)

Influence of the DM-content on the nutrient contents in the fresh sugar beet pulp

standard dry standard dry

DM-content % 19.6 27.3 21.9 28.7

Ash g/kg DM 60 83 72 62

Protein g/kg DM 85 84 83 87

Fibre g/kg DM 199 207 184 197

Sugar g/kg DM 84 43 139 91

NEL MJ/kg DM 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.1

tower silos bunker silos

2001 2002

(9)

Influence of the DM-content on the nutrient contents in the sugar beet pulp silages

standard dry standard dry

DM-content % 20.0 27.2 22.0 26.6

Ash g/kg DM 66 86 86 77

Protein g/kg DM 88 86 91 86

Fibre g/kg DM 209 211 205 206

Sugar g/kg DM 20 12 23 17

NEL MJ/kg DM 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.1

tower silos bunker silos

2001 2002

(10)

Influence of the DM-content on the fermentation parameters in the sugar beet pulp silages

standard dry standard dry

DM-content % 20.0 27.2 22.0 26.6

pH-value 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.8

Lactic acid g/kg DM 6 1 24 37

Acetic acid g/kg DM 7 2 24 14

Propionic acid g/kg DM 0 0 1 1

Butyric acid g/kg DM 0 0 2 1

Ethanol g/kg DM 26 7 9 5

tower silos bunker silos

2001 2002

(11)

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168

13.11. 20.11. 27.11. 4.12. 11.12. 18.12. 11.1. 8.2. 5.3.

Dates of unloading

Aerobic stability, hours

20 % DM center 20 % DM border 27 % DM center 27 % DM border

Aerobic stability of the sugar pulp silages with 20 and 27 % DM

(Tower silos 70 m

3

)

(12)

Yeasts in the sugar beet pulp silages

(cfu: colony forming units)

Dates of unloading

cfu p er g

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 100000000 1000000000

13.11. 20.11. 27.11. 4.12. 11.12. 18.12. 11.1. 8.2. 5.3.

(13)

Moulds in the sugar beet pulp silages

(cfu: colony forming units)

Dates of unloading

cfu p er g

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 100000000 1000000000

13.11. 20.11. 27.11. 4.12. 11.12. 18.12. 11.1. 8.2. 5.3.

20 % DM center 20 % DM border 27 % DM center 27 % DM border

(14)

y = -1.919Ln(x) + 9.839 R

2

= 0.78

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168

Y e a s ts , l og c fu pe r g

Relation between the aerobic stability and yeasts

(15)

Summary

z Along with the stronger pressing, the sugar content of the pulp decreased strongly

z In 2001, the lactic acid fermentation was less intensive, and thus the pH-value was not so low in the dry pulp silage. In 2002 the lactic acid fermentation was more intensive in both variants in the bunker silos.

z In 2001 in none of the silages butyric acid was found.

z The too early opening of the silos after filling, respectively the high temperatures (> 30 °C) as well as the air influenced the development of yeasts and moulds and also the aerobic

stability.

z Not the DM-content, but the too early opening the silos was the

main reason for the quality problems.

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