Turcáni, M., & Zúbrik, M. (1999). Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) - Present Occurrence in Slovakia. In B. Forster, M. Knizek, & W. Grodzki (Eds.), Methodology of Forest Insect and Disease Survey in Central Europe. Proceedings (pp. 244-245). Swiss Federal In

Forster, B.; Knizek, M.; Grodzki, W. (eds.) 1999: Methodology ofForest Insect and Disease Survey in Central Europe.

Proceedings of the Second Workshop ofthe IUFRO WP 7.03.10, April20-23, 1999, Sion-Chateauneuf, Switzerland.

Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) 244-245.

Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg)- PRESENT OCCURRENCE IN SLOV AKIA

MAREK TuR.cANr, MILAN ZDBRIK

Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Research Station Banska Stiavnica, Lesnicka 11, 96923 Banska Stiavnica, The Slovak Republic

Tel: ++421 859 691 1144, Fax: ++421 859 691 10 44, E-mail: turcani@spark.sk

Introduction

The most serious bark beetles pests of spruce forests in Slovakia are Ips typographus and Pityogenes chalcographus. Ips duplicatus has historically been rare species. It was recorded only once in the western part ofSlovakia at the beginning of20-th century (ROUBAL, 1937-41). The detected situation was almost the same in the Czech Republic until 1992, when an outbreak of Ips duplicatus was in northern Moravia (MRKVA, 1994). During the period 1993- 1997, over 0.6 mil. m³ ofNorway spruce trees were killed (ZAHRADNIK, P.- personal information). Some of the attacked spruce stands were recorded near the border with the Slovak Republic {KNtZEK, ZAHRADNiK, 1998). Ips duplicatus was quite abundant in the northeaster part of Poland in the past (SZUJECKI 1995). During the 90.s, its abundance increased in the south as well (GRODZKI 1999). In order to determine, if this species was distributed in Slovakia, we started pheromone trapping ofthe pest here as well in 1997.

Material and Methods

We used experimental pheromone dispensers (PHEAGR - IDU) prepared in the Czech Republic for the pheromone screening. In early May 1997, About 1, 100 pheromone dispensers were distributed in regions where spruce (1,050 dispensers) or Scotch pine (50 dispensers) dominated. Pheromone traps were checked every 2 weeks by foresters. Captured beetles were stored in glass boxes or PVC packets. 100 dispensers were placed during the summer 1997 to determine, if 2-nd generation occurred. The pheromone trapping was repeated in areas, where the pest was found in the previous year (600 dispensers ofPHEAGR- IDU were used) in 1998. During both years, all samples were taken to the laboratory and identified by microscopic examination. In the winter of 1998, five infested trees were examined near the Czech Slovakian, where the number of captured beetles was highest. We recorded all bark beetles galleries on 0.5 m long samples in different parts of the stem: I - sampled from the lowest part of the tree, IT - sampled from the middle of the stem, Ill - sampled from the lower of crown and IV - sampled from the middle of the crown

Results and Discussion

In 1997, /ps duplicatus was found in 150 pheromone traps, mainly in the north - western part of Slovakia - near the border with the Czech Republic. Single records were found in the south part of central and eastern Slovakia, which is an important transit corridor between Russia and Western Europe. We recorded minimally 2 flight periods in 1997. In 1998, we found this species in the northwestern territory near the border with the Czech Republic and Poland only. Occurrence of the species in central and eastern Slovakia was not confirmed. The highest number of captured beetles we recorded in an area near the Czech- Slovak border (squares of Database of Fauna of Slovakia 6676, 6775, 6776) - over 200 specimens per 1 trap in average. Analysis of infested trees from this area indicated that Ips duplicatus was abundant. Data are presented in Table 1.

Ips duplicatus used to be a rare member of bark beetles fauna in Slovakia (ROUBAL 1937 - 41, PFEFFER 1955). Perhaps because of changing the weather conditions and increasing transportation from Russia to Western Europe it has increased in abundance in much of Central Europe (MRKVA 1994, GRODZKI 1999, ZAHRADNiK ET AL. 1998). This

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dangerous pest of spruce stands will be able to occupy all territory of Slovakia, if control of pest does not be done in the foci of present occurrence (Tt.JRCANI, 1995, 1998 a, b).

Table 1 Number of Ips typographus (IT), lps duplicatus (IOU) and Pityogenes chalcographus (PC) ga enes on 11 . 0 5 m ong stem samp1 e. 1 I

Sample I 11

m

Species IT IDU PC IT IDU PC IT IDU PC IT IDU PC

Tree 1 31 0 0 13 0 0 8 0 7 3 0 30

Tree2 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tree 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tree4 0 0 0 7 0 0 7 15 0 0 15 60

Tree 5 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 38 0 0 40 37

Conclusions

1.In the past, lps duplicatus was probably rare in the territory of Slovakia

2.The pest started to increase its population density after 1992 rapidly in the southern part of its distribution territory - Central Europe.

3.Presently, populations ofthe species are common in the northwestern part ofSlovakia.

4.Single records were found at the southern part of the central and eastern Slovakia- maybe as a result of intensive transportation of wood from Russia to western Europe

5. There is a high probability for infestation of all Slovakia area by natural dispersal and accidental transportation of infested wood from the northwestern part of Slovakia.

References:

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MRKV A, R.: 1994: Geograficke rozsiteni a skodlivost lykozrouta severskeho (Ips duplicatus Sahlberg) v

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ROUBAL, J.: 1937-41 Katalog Coleopter (Brouku) Slovenska a Vychodnich Karpat.

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SWJECKI, A.: 1995 Entomologia lesna Tom I. Wydawnictwo SGGW, Warszawa, 389 pp.

TuRcANI,M.: 1995 Lykozrut seversky - nory skodca na Slovensku? (Ips duplicatus - a new pest in Slovakia?) Les 5, s. 14 -

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TuRcANI, M.: 1998 a Vyskyt lykozruta severskeho na Slovensku a moznosti boja proti nemu. In: Aktualne problemy v ochrane lesov '98 - Zbornik referatov z celoslovenskeho seminara zo 16. - 17.

aprila 1998 v Banskej Stiavnici. s. 71 - 77.

TuRcANI, M.: 1998 b Vysledky ferom6noveho monitoringu lykozruta severskeho na Slovensku. Les 8 s.l9-20.

ZAHRADNiK ET AL. 1998: Occurence of forest damaging agents in the Czech Republic in 1997 and forecast for 1998.

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+Tables.