• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

3) This is a dialectical variant of the Tamim tribe 4) who pronounce with i the (preformative) letters of the imperfect, 5) except the yä' (i.e

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Aktie "3) This is a dialectical variant of the Tamim tribe 4) who pronounce with i the (preformative) letters of the imperfect, 5) except the yä' (i.e"

Copied!
3
0
0

Wird geladen.... (Jetzt Volltext ansehen)

Volltext

(1)

A Note on the Dialect of Tamim and Barth's Law

By Michael B. Schub, Berkeley, Cal.

In his commentary on the verse "You we worship and from You we

beseech help" (Q. I, 4), Al-Baidä\w makes the following observation

concerning taJtalah:

['ö-cxt-i; '£Jili J 'oi^ -ilili]

1) It (this verse) was read with the nün vocahzed with i

2) in both cases ;

3) This is a dialectical variant of the Tamim tribe

4) who pronounce with i the (preformative) letters of the imperfect,

5) except the yä' (i.e. the third person)

6) when what foUowed it was not vocahzed with damma (u).

J^. (3 (2 0>JI j-^. 'iijj (1

UOio L. j»~iu (i (6 »UI ^fj^ (5 SpjLiil öjyS^ ff— (4

The dialect of the Tamim was known also to Al-HaHl Ibn Ahmad, who

supphed a number of forms in this dialect in his Kitäb al-'Ain, cf. Stefan

Wild: Das Kitäh al-'Ain, und die arabische Lexikographie. Wiesbaden

1965, p. 53.

In this dialect, all forms of the imperfect of verbs, with characteristic

vowel u are pronounced with a preformative i, as in the modern seden¬

tary dialects. In addition, forms of the first and second person of those

verbs with a characteristic vowel a or i are also pronounced with a

preformative i (yielding forms such as 'inzil(u) and nisma'(u)).

The exceptional case, in which the preformative is a, is] witnessed

by such third person forms as yanzilfu ) and yasma'fu ); thisjis opposed to

yi'bud(u).

Baeth's Law postulates two basic forms for the Semitic imperfect:

1) Intransitive: an i preformative followed by an a characteristic vowel

(Hebrew yevöS, yehiräs),

2) Transitive : an a preformative foUowed by an ifu characteristic vowel

(Hebrew yä&ir, yahdröS).

In Classical Arabic, the a preformative became predominant (rare

exceptions exist, e.g. Hhälu); the sedentary dialects standardized the i

preformative.

(2)

14 Michael B. Sohttb.A Note on the Dialeet of Taotnlm and Barth's Law

The dialeet of the Tamim appears to be an intermediate stage between

the two above: the status of its imperfect is identical to the modern

sedentary dialects for the first and second persons. For the third person,

we have the following situation :

1) ani preformative is foUowed by a M characteristic vowel (e.g. yi'hud(u)),

2) an a preformative is followed by either an i or an a characteristic

vowel (e.g. yanzil(u), yasma'(u)).

If the authority of al-Baidäwi is to be accepted, then the above ana¬

lysis of his statement shoiUd lead us to re-examine the vahdity of Baeth's

Law for the imperfect preformatives in the old dialects of Arabic^.

^ For a clear and comprehensive accomit of the problems referred to m

this paper, and for all relevant references, see Aiubl A. Bloch : The Vowels

of the Imperfect Preformatives in the Old Dialects of Arabic. In: ZDMG 117

(1967), pp. 22—29.

I am very grateful to Professor Bloch for discussing this paper with me,

and for his right guidance.

(3)

War die kontinuierliche Vokalfrequenzabweichung

ein Stilmittel der altarabischen Dichter ?

Von Ewald Wagnee, Gießen

1970 erschien von Bateson eine Studie über strukturelle Kontinmtät

in der altarabischen Poesie^. Die Lektüre dieses Werkes und die Ausein¬

andersetzung mit einem seiner Kapitel hat den folgenden Beitrag

angeregt.

Bateson steht die These auf, daß die Verfasser der altarabischen

Mu'allaqät, die das Material für ihre Untersuchung liefern, bestimmte

längere Sinnabschnitte ihrer Qasiden (zwischen 2 und 21 Zeilen)^ dadmch

äußerlich zusammenfaßten und gegenüber dem Gedichtganzen abhoben,

daß sie innerhalb dieser Abschnitte eine linguistische Kontinuität

wahrten, die die Umgebung nicht aufwies. Diese hnguistische Konti¬

nuität, die den Sinnabschnitt zusammenhält, kann nach ihr phono¬

logisch, morphologisch oder syntaktisch sein.

Meine eigenen Überlegungen beschränken sich fast ausschheßheh

auf das Problem der phonologischen Kontinuität, oder, um es negativ

nnd damit genauer auszudrücken, der kontinuierhchen Abweichung der

Phonemfrequenz in einem bestimmten Abschnitt von der dmchschnitt¬

lichen Phonemfrequenz des G«samtkorpus. Entsprechend nennt auch

Bateson das Kapitel, von dem hier vorzüglich die Rede sein wird,

Phonological Deviation (S. 57—68). Wenn im folgenden versucht wird,

andere Gründe für eine vom Normalen abweichende Phonemfrequenz

als den von Bateson postulierten Wunsch des Dichters, einen Sinn¬

abschnitt auch formal bzw. stUistisch hervorzuheben, anzugeben, so

können dadmch die Resultate von Bateson höchstens auf dem phono¬

logischen Sektor in Frage gesteUt werden, nicht jedoch auf dem morpho¬

logischen und syntaktischen. Hier müßten gesonderte Überprüfungen

stattfinden, die der vorhegende Aufsatz nicht liefern wiU.

^ Mary Catherine Bateson : Structural Continuity in poetry. A lingu¬

istic study of five Pre-Islamic Arabic odes. Paris [usw.] : Mouton 1970. 176 S. 8".

" Als Beispiel sei die Aufteilung der Mu'allaqa des Imra'alqais durch

Bateson genannt: Vers 1—6: Nasib proper; 7—17: Slaughtered camel and

encounter with 'Unayza; 18—22: Fätima breaks off liaison; 23—28: A

rendezvous; 29—42: Description of one mistress; 43—47: Description ofthe

night; 52—62: First himting scene, description; 63—69: Second hunting

scene, narrative; 70—81: Storm scene.

Referenzen

ÄHNLICHE DOKUMENTE

The goal of this project is to write a compiler that translates a program of the toy language Mini to an intermediate representation (a CFG with IR instructions), performs

The solution is derived using a general algorithm proposed by the author to solve two-person zero sum games with 'almost' perfect information..

He highlighted the existing consensus of legal experts and states on the applicability of international law to cyberspace and referred to the report by the GGE in the Field

Katundu stressed that governments must ensure that various technical and policy aspects are addressed, including identification and protection of national critical

The second information, the sequence of the royal tombs visited, has played an important role, too, as a supporting evidence in the attempts to identify king

We have observed four properties of tense in relative clauses in §2.1.1: (i) relative clauses can contain a vacuous past tense, (ii) the later-than-matrix interpretation is

Head: 0.25 mm long, 0.33 mm wide; eyes slightly prominent with 17 large ommatids; temples shortly narrowed to a broad neck; punctation distinct, but fi ne and moderately

Afterwards we introduce a simple indicator of research performance that is based on the distribution of citations, namely the Hirsch- index, and present the ranking of our select