• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

Munich Personal RePEc Archive

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Aktie "Munich Personal RePEc Archive"

Copied!
9
0
0

Wird geladen.... (Jetzt Volltext ansehen)

Volltext

(1)

Munich Personal RePEc Archive

Economic dimensions of agrarian transations

Bachev, Hrabrin

Institute of Agricultural Economics, Sofia

1995

Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76471/

MPRA Paper No. 76471, posted 30 Jan 2017 16:33 UTC

(2)

G

9C

I

VIUV9'INg NUIIISVII HINOS

NI

STVIUI OTAIC NI IVgHlrl qNV AII-IUVS dO AJNiIIJI.f.fiI qTiIIA '^o4rez'g '^o{tl€ulBrD 'g ST

I

VIUV9TNg NI SNOIIV(INIII^INIOCSU NOIIVZITIIUfl.{ MIHld. .{O Af,NiIIJI.tI.tIg TVJII IONO3it 'e^oto{lN 'IAI 'ezrerleueg 'y

TT

I

SNOIIJVSNVUI NVIUVU9V .fO SNOISNIII^Uq 3II^[ONO3:I '^EqS8g 'JH

6

I

ozo(,-966t

,l,I IONOJI NVIUVC-Ifi8 .{O SIIJICNIOUJVI

I

NIVW ,tIO ISVJEIUO-{ V '^osllW 'A

A)NO{

TYunL)nuIs

(Ny

JNflwISflANI IY)INHSaT ANY SIITLNflIJS

tlgunITnf,IucVNVIuVD"IngNIsNoIIvTiIugSVg.IqNV!Isv!n^olru

7YI{AUAT

tf I

iILIrgVgwaE vr

vxuwoHoxl4 :vxorvgdllx

'soH"sI'I

'rv

Sf

I

KI,IrIHVdO VHhOICU

g

VIAIdiI(p VHJJVh VHVE 'neYone4 'dy O{JSHVAOJJ

UDIfgJ

OHSOJTqJ

rr I nniirrcplo i[r,rHrgrr4otrvH vH Kl{nvrvolflrcxil

I4du EHVsAVxfttr

V€

pII4JOIfOHXAI nHAnIXII@SOXOCI,IB

YH

KpIffVeI,IHVJdO 'soxh"H

'J

'H sT

I

OIOSICVq.SOXUAII

fl

EHVSKHIIWSJO OHII8JCAX€IT

V€

1IU4VOX€Vd

VH

EHVSVXI4HJ 'sorel1

'W

'aodrnrtlrfi'

'rJ

'eaoc?tt?ly

'I

€T

I

YVIIc.]OYAXVW

fl

OXKITI^I iIgVdX VH orog;3!,og€I4odu vH IJoHBI,IIxEog YHIII{JdEHE 'seruuHv 'g 'uxcaemall '141 OT

I

Ego[plfl nHltlogo I4oXKH V€ I{xXOIrVOII I,IHHIIWSJ I,I I,IBOHOITX VH OIOfl13VOgepIOdU VH 13OHSI,IIXSOA VXJSh?II 1OHOXI,I '?soeC 'n3 'eaarox 'V 9C

I

KLIdVJrlts VHhOI€I4OJOI YH VHOI4Vd

s

TCOWnC

-OHOIIONY) 14 JJOI/.II,IJOHOII 3 I?IUO I4XSIfOU HIIdVHOI4IVTC g VNI4HqMU p1 XUWghg

IO

VIKI4IIXAYOdU VH JSOHSI4IXS@g 'aoxdeg

'g

'aoxnr€ned-1 'g sr

I vflnHgmu vH

gHgdor v€ ilu4xq,d -otlgdu vH JJoH{ulIXEOg VXCEhI{WOHOXI4OdJV '"soroxrH '141 'eaenr"n"J

'v

TI

I

HI4TIXVSHVdI !III{HdVdJV YH TNHAdg

JJOHgmlIfl@fl

n

snHflIfsYda^

6

I

zozoz-966t vE EHdYJIftrg

yH vJylInwoHoYn

vH

nlfflJyeyiloa gJuHgoH)q,Ye

YE?HJO{II 'eotmr4J 'g

vlrmuloa

YH{AJXAilJ)

N

YHHOH V}IJThNHXqJ.OHhAVH

t I ilnraVsws€

oroxsdvJrq:I g

VHH:IIIOHTO

gU{HrHiId V VrVrHgd '"ott"0*t"drd

YHEOgA

SIt\rilJ,NOJ

!I,IHVXdq,trqJ

SJIW}N}JT TVvnfln)IY)Y t0 ANilSTVl

IWflAY)Y TYtrnnn)IY)Y

OINHYIION OJO}I)I\N YH Y}IUWOHO}IN Oil J.$.JI,IJJHN

Y N W iII Y}I,Y Y}N HY II

O

JJ O}N ITg)

BU0S 'gSetl t

IXXXX flWN 7OA

TMflIilfl}VI,TVW OgT)HVUOD

AItw OTONVNVH

|JIWnN}JT ffiHMsvdut n

ru$o3 '966;l

L

IXXXX VHUEOJ

TWnJTnJNeV wtHwoHo>tu

(3)

-hr.rlfeed

,(rxgw

llcd,(ced orlrxoohr.rwogoxu eH er,rH

-erieVodueed ee

u

uwfixeesedr ar:nwtref,ynauylt4

?H rn[eennerdo eE er.rdoe orex uxr(rc

rq,d

-e€"II

'rcoHsflrxe er?xcohr.rr roHoxr{ ?€ underndx 14

ynrqc rrnngedx

o .rsdeee11 .rotr

?r

g,ftrx

Qror rrodrcou ey

wvn rwee err'oec rearog[dgo eY r4rreY 'ncdr(cgd r?we?H ulrtn :res,frlrf,x

ef

wtev

'ndexueg

nrn

ndowdeQ reHsrJ

Ey

:arrev ,douuu

neadeh

r4rrr4

onds,e

oHhnHemu revxeseuodu eY illreY rroYsduo eV orgox ,lrq,euuexert

rfdV ro erxds

rer^rrH eluVfisuufiW .H .J, r,r urcoHxor^resa eruHhnJorrouxer 'oruc5[dced

eH

oroHeJ?rrvodu oerureJugedrou

eH eulnrtnodeeedu

.onecdq,r

eH

oremnHsed

e€

r{rfBHJHc uHararxaee orr4rfer -nVosenodu

es

eser/ er rorsuc esdeeeu- etegedu.a -lrrredruenotr

oHmorrh

.Bgrruhorr

errosc

trx4edue

-Lrrfftlt^rr4cxey\r ncdr{ced oIr{HhHITBH 3H enserevedu -eed ouaurxeQe

rrsedu

rr{HomoHro Hycohnr roH

-oyn

a

sr.nfrlrHrcen,{ ?soHco

eHxrr eH

.€rligror{c

?rexcohrrr^roHoxrd

?6

rufielrdoenr,r ewuVoxgoen elerrrrr

s

wtfrwwc r,rgh{rercov ursere grnxcJl,nw -oHoxr{ eH LrsernoVsdu nuah awnudneoy -uunyot 002

ro

OhesoII rllwoHoxw eJ]ex}ohHJ.r{tfou 3H er -nlnor,ruevur(Q Vodc BHesercoll e rooHKeV ?rexceh

-Hr roHoxtr BH ywltesuydoox udu ,,edee?u ?H exs,d elerNrrYnseH" eH errcor rHheHE

llln[xeesedr

er

-r,rnxor en ru[eennerdo ?e wq.enngxerlr ueaurxsee orex edeeuu

restroueu

[rrHeJe orlrxoohnr^roHoyld 'uc fYxewou nnhxoeuodw resrsrcotnq,co

er

yueo

Hxcehlrr roHoyl{ ?H oHetex wfkr .ncdr(cod ou4Hes

-exgrudu

n

V,{dr rosc ?H orr{ry,{trodu rrHelreud

eluYlralrfilu

elrorcnc es?xer

g

."Her leds rursgdV

ro

r{Hrcoaen edgoy ec eurldr

ei

suHsrrotreed oroH -ssmofngo n er,rwneenmnlteuc BH gr€srcnruVedll

rrxduda4

mru dueu11

'ereaexdq,V

es

?)rr{rnrforr

eresdefue

eH

rr

oroufoVowee

s

ornrfiueulrerdo reH€r,rg

gH

oralruHeeed

?e

eceg enanrxeQe-or nxortrsdrr ec

zy

e erenderew ?H

relt

eresqedy 'eurevelro€ ec oroluednnrdoQcHedr

s eOfrifOji

eLenrrrunonlr,(rurtrrr{ ?H elwr:ane ndu rulruelruox ilm,L ?H oreHearogedeed ee eru)roc?H rrurdsno

ec afi

'Hunxeenedr

?€

erutrox€"d

eH

esedne -sr rr{Hr{r I ee unrdoQ nunonleexHerdo errrHhlrreed en errenfiHerotr eH ?resor{co ?H }rHeucrgo r;ey*g oln ereeexds,Y en nrod ?r?xcehunroHoxlr n edeQc

eresdefuu s eruu[xeesedr eH

ruleennerdo

et eredfrx.(dr3

'er{rfeH? r[xcehr{r roHo)ru eH udq,rHelr s r4Hosercou reYq,g offi

xrr

c rureedq,sc or -uvlx_eed

n

rnnhxeeHedr ou,rHdedry .oxnwonoxn nudodeo ac ownlnodnwdoficundw wex snfaomodw D€ awnQoxEod

nu

DutnxnwoHotn DH DulwnHailc -nu.rJon ndnwunqv oQ

a

ruLeLJ H€?r en

errefl

'(scrtuouoc

g

IB u o rlrs

uer;)

e l,ruttet,rrdoe*rrdr

eH

ere)rxhrouoxl4

eH erexzrxedu n errndoer

Vedu

rrs?rcolr

ed.(rx.(drc ?r?HrfeHonhfrurcnn

s

raHerrodu orrrHrr?rHenreVnfQ

ornox

oel.:est-

II /

966T /

I

OTIJCHYAOJJ OJOXCI\flS VH flNHgITgVdIIA

N

YNNWOHO}TN

'{vxalt rl{Hemonro Hxtah}rl IoHoxI'I esoYns eu.rHhr.fircud vr.rsyedrr ehrer^il.{ erfi orngo-g?H rr.rrryecnedr ro11

.#ffflf:r"t"T:hT"T

e omq'J ehes ?rurvedu erevcehl'IruoHo)Iu eH l{rcelrgo LIoxtrH s ortrox 'enl,(v erevicff,elr""*oui"

"rr,

,""

ruhyeesedr ee uuyudsr nxcde'urtg Hor<Lu oHhq,rersov esfarcsrnss eH orex p.r,;_'oxodu*

""*o**J"

e"ro"oil ?sor xgse Hxooh'r^[oHoy, ruxcennlxrdu

s

on 'nvedus,s Kfinxeeiredr orenrrHoll es euserin'*aduo es,(gJcorns.r an edfredeimr

""Jri"^oroyn er?Hrfeul,enc g ,

-clfer?xr{sgl{Ysdrli eH ndoeoJro ?tr Houerc Sr^rKrfoJ

s oxonr troxYou Ep-II HEor oHr.foresoVorfJ .r{rHeJ?

e.tuxcehHr^roHox}I r{trxew-lrnlrxeenedr

unr

HehHrf

-eed

c

rureeds,sc ec

udfrxr(drc

oruluesr(ercems,c

es

enednnrdo@cnedr ee utroxeed errHosrcelngo

ro

rceh ?r^rrrroJ awods oroluq,c

B

.ruJorfoVorey{

€reHeoiloH r{rhorr e

rulxeesedr

ee ernVoxeed eu ere)rur^ioHoxtrd etodag

"Hhorctr4

ro

orr,rH?drc

g

'(runroxdew 'rcr'::mrre)r

n

ranusodr{c oq,c oues -yfrgeuc) unlrxeenedr vns seroYro €H oHus?nr(es

oV resehnnedro oJ urru derxedex r{xoohtrrodoor

r"wy

nxrogedeed oreneaou

esor

Hesco .ynyree -nHdeYoru sHrreHoufi,(rurcsn ee

udorxeQ;

ur r€rrH -exor r ornxcohHersedur{ en eHesvorfccr,r ee edeQc etesdedJe r iqx esedprrueVe oHrq,uen e oH ehego rurrrerrHoy esort

-HeeI

.(Zeg..d ,,(lJ€g

,166I ?.S

'u o I s B IAtr) uwdoQ prnnoutreennerdo erusciid

te

s ,,trnlroil.fossd erexkrl.., eH

u

osrcHBIIorJ oroxcrroo

eH

ed,fuxr{drc er€HrreHonfifrurcnn BH oroHes -en^(eu e€ eserorr€r{ ec et.nnfixeesedr ?H er€xnw -ouoxtr4 nnnYor err.rnVgrcou

eedg

.snhxoeuodu

Dt

awnQox€nd

nu

Du,mxnwouoxl4

u

(scrurouocg

trsoJ uorpnpor4)

utroxeed orr,ruosrcvosenodE

eH

gxnrlroHoytr{ ereuHoulrl,IVedr Exserc<rc HHr

-HeHBr

rr

or€x ewu (scnuouocg leuorlnlltrsul lre51)

o xnw oH oxn oH rlntt onh {utnw tHn D s o

H

ec -e ::€treduw

{o0 "yel

'€r{rreH? trr{)rcohr,rr^ronoyr{

s

?xr.rho[rys e.S 'anhxneuodw oe aunQox€nd- nvoxeed orn)rJ

-5hr{r^ro H oxn

ro

r3eh enostcsrfl aJ n exvrccr,r lrco edu ec '(SSe1 rlrwouoyr{ grexcehr,rcerf)roeH ?H

erurerfucog

''O 'uosurBIIIL,$

erulnrdnQ

BH

eLBHr -oredrc cen€Hg

n

el;eawKdly en e)rr{rtrrrou ?rexJ -ehnr^roHoxr{ ?H osednlrdoe ee eulur.rlrnudu

osrar

-rrheH€ nngnodu

or?x

.uHlrVoJ

0Z-

ST errilrtrar -corr eedu

[seed

ac rnneenserdo -exceiuwogoxg ee rndoar ?soH uEaL o€BoX eH yeyn ereHrerrueJ

trer3

'nxur^rouoxa ornndoVonr

s

ul.rttfrurcsn

n

ndrfux,(drc er[rcehHgrsedur(

eH

orenrlrss"d odgotr-ou nredegeed etr sJer{otr r{H

orroy

.trEJor

-oYorolr ssou e (scrulouoc[I_ lsoJ uorlcesuer;)

ru[xeesedr

eE grntroxeed ?H ere)rr{wogox

unfio3

-

osttnHDuoutl outoltcra) on DxnwoHoltn ou

wtwnwcuy flEmVg HI4dSVdX d_r

.c.H.rJ

uultxusHBdr errrndudru BH Hr,rnoderrugu I,IlIJehlII^tOHOXtr{

JCOHgIilJ)Ifl @g N gHHgIIgVdIIA

(4)

-

VNPABJIEHNE N E@EKTNBHOCT

Hr.{ Aefi Hocr}I. Pan[peAeneHrlero Ha o6uecrseHl{Te pecypcu, KoeTo ce IIoJIyqaBa KaTo pe3ynTaT oT Ta3H na3apHa KoopAllHa:lias,

(ronrypenura4

e nafi-e$emusHo 3a cl,IcreMara

Karo IItJIo.

Cera ToBa Qyn.qaNIeHTaJIHo AocruxeHue Ha Heorlacu- qgcKara uorLITI4qecKa I{KoHoMI'Ir e as-6yrna ucrt4- HA V MOXo Aa Ce HaMepI{ BbB BcnqKI{ MOAepHH

yue6uuuu

no

HKoHoMI,IKa.

Tona, Koero e HoBo B pa3BrlTuero Ha I'IKoHoMI'I-

qecKara Te"opl,Ifl

rlpe3

[ocJIeAHI'ITe roAI{HI'I e

u[eflTa, qe ,,cbIrIgcTByBaT pa3xoAH 3a ]I3rIOn3Ba-

Hero Ha IIgHoBI,Ifl MexaHH3bM".

Ilprn

Koase fr

$opvrynupa upe3 1937

r.

tro creAHllq Hatu{H: ,,AKo [poH3BOACTBOTO Ce perynupa oT qeHoBoTo ABI',I-

xeHrie, rlpou3BoAcrBoro 6u

uorno

Aa ce ocbule-

*

crBtBa 6es KaKBaro 14 Aa e opl'aHll3aw4fr, ToraBa

Hne Moxe Aa

IIouI{TaMe:

3arqo

cblllecrByBar opraHr,r3aguure?" (C o a s e, 1937, crp. 19). He e -nu Bb 3 MO xH O BCprrrK r,r rpaflgarU Hu H K O Op,q HH ArIuflT A

Mex.qy $axropure Ha rIpoH3BoAcrBo Aa ce [paBcr

or

nalapa? 3aryo

s

na3apHume uKoHoMuKu cb- t4e c mS y s am o p 2 aHU 3 aquu 3 a cb6 Jvt e c mHo np ou s e o d'

c'mBo,'cru1dabqHe, MQpKemuHz, npepa6omKs, ItHo- ea4uu? 3at4o fiepaepcrcu cdpycrceHufl

,

Koonepqmu'

Bu,

Kopnopavuu cbt4ecmsyqam

B

cercKomo

cmonaHcmeo?

LIru

rcasaHo

no

dpyz HaquH: sttu4o me xHo lt o awte c Ku p a z d e I euume e manu Hct ltKo Ho Jvt tl- qecKa deilruocm ca csbp3auu edns c dpyza *Jvrecma c ncuuKu dpyeu (nasapa)?

OyH4aueHTaJrHI{flT Bbflpoc cJIeAoBareJIHo e:

3arllo Sepvrepure rlpeArlorll4Tar Aa ocblrlecrBsBar cBoHTe rpaH3aKql,u qpe3 HtKaKBa opra_HH3aIII4fl pa3nuqna

or

na3apa? Eano Bb3MoxHo o6scHeHI'Ie e, qe B pe3ynTaT Ha rpaAuIIHflTA, HABUIIHTe rI T. H.

3eMeAeJrcKHTe npolI3BoAI4TeJrI'r npoAbnxaBar Aa

pa6orxr cbBMecrHo, He3,aBI,IcI{Mo

or

rrqoMeHfl IrIu- Te ce ycnoBr,It. Apyro o6scHeHue e, qe $eprurepure xapecBaT KooneparvBEr4s. TpyA I'I Te rlpeAnoql'ITar Aa

[paBtr

TpaH3aKIIuurs

c?i"qp6

opraHl43arvrfl 6eg -

Aa ce

I{HTepecyBar

or

rra3apa. Tpero

Bb3MoxHo o6scHeHI,Ie e. qe 3eMeAeJIcKHTe npol'I3-

BoAI,ITeJII4, He Qa ao6pra MeHI'IAxbpu

r

Te Morar Aa

pa6orrr

caMo troA Herlue pbKoBoAcrBo. Marap u Aa olsc*tflBar B Il3Begrua crerleH HtKoIl acneKTll oT pa3BI,ITI{erO Ha opraHI'I3aIIuoHHara crpyKTypa

Ha Harrrero rpanc$opMl'Ipauo ce 3eMeAeJII{e' Te He

Morar Aa

&a&ar

orroBop 3ailIo

cbllecrByBa TaKoBa

roJIflMo

pa:noo6pa3l4e

B

arpapHl'ITe opraHI{3aIInI{ B pa3BI'ITI{Te [a3apHl{ HKOHOMI{KI',I.

Ocnes roBa 3a ceJlcKoro crotlaHcrBo rlo-cKopo e B{pHo o6parnoro I,I

ro

Hafi-'Iecro ce xapaKTepla- 3upa Karo Sauu"neu, orKoJrKoro Karo rpyrloB HnlI KopIIoparI4BeH 6nsHec.

CrutecreyBa

q[cro

I,IKoHoMHqecKo o6ccHeHue 3a pa3BI,ITI{eTO Ha I4KOHOMUTIeCKI'ITe OpraHI{3aurIH B ceJlcKoro crollancrBo. EAus raKbB pe3oH e, qe BCtKa TpaH3aKIII,If, KOTTO Ce OCbqecTBflBa Ha fia3apa,

Moxe Aa ce

yflpaBnflBa

u B

HtKaKBa

opraHLI3aIIns.

flottckora

Moxe Aa ce oKaxe, qe e

opraHlr3alluu

v

AoroBopHu cpeAcTBa

3a

Aa MI,IHI,IMI,I3I,IPAT PA3XOAI,ITE CU

3A

TPAH3AKIII'Ifl.

Ctedoeamenuo s

peafian

ilcuBom (sa pas"nuKa

or

I4KOHOMHqeCKI,ITo y're6HraIIH) rcOOpdUunt4uflmq Ha urudueudyarHama uKoHoMttuecKa QKmugHocm ce npqsu ocBeH

qpu

nffiqpq u qp% pa3ruqHu qacmHu opzaHu3ctquu, cosdadeuu om cmonnHcKume azeHmu

3a uKoHoJvlu3upclHQ' ua lnnxHatna pq3Jt4nHa'

Ifopoo, clqecraj'na

He e,qI{H

a

c}rsreMa

or

MecTHI4, pefl'IOHaJIHI4, IIaUpIOHaIIHI4 TT MexAyHa- poAHH rIa3apLI. l4wra pa3xoALI 3a orKpt4BaHe Ha

sair,-xo6para IIeHa

rr

IlaprHbop

3a

arpapnl4Te

cypo BH HI,I, MaTep UaIIV\ MatuI'IHI'I H CeJICKOCT OrIaH-

ckn npoayKrn. 3a HHAl.tstr1yan*Hr $epr.aep paBHI'I-

uero

Ha re3I,I pa3xoAI,I

Moxe Aa 6rI'e

rBbpAe

roJItMo aKo ce I,I3[IOJI3Ba rla3apa 3a TpaH3awryrfl"

Bmopo, ueo6xoAr4wr ca pa3xoAl{ sa crdupaue

Ha

ux$oprnraqur

3a:

HiL[nqHI'ITe rexHoJrorl{H' MAIIIHHI'I, XHMI{ KAJIH, IPC,qIOqI{TAHH flT A HA TI OTPE'

6urelure.

Tpemo, vlv.a pa3xoAu 3a rlperoBapflHe' rra3apnbllH, IIOH'KOTa 3a HarlncBaHe Ha AoroBopll 3a ycnoBrrflTa Ha pa3MflHa, BpeMero Ha AocraBKa, cneqra$uKallrsra

Ha

[poAyKTI{Te

u

r.

H.

Vem' eopmo, neo6xoArruvr ca pa3xoAu ra ua6lroAaBaHe

I4 3a CaHKUI,tOHLIpaHe I,I3TIbJIHeHI{eTO Ha ycnoBldgTa Ha AoroBopa. I1emo, cblrlecrByBar pa3xoAl'r 3a Kopr,rrupaHe Ha AoroBopa. - IIIecmo,

Koraro

Bb3-

Hr{KHar cnopoBe

ca

ueo6xoAuuu pa3xoA}I 3a qacrHo IIJII{ cbAe6no peruaBaHe Ha IlporllBoperlufl-

Ta. Hafi-uarpar,

TyK

rpr6na Aa

BKTIo.II4M Lt Bcr{rrKH sary6u

or

rlpolycHaru n_oJI3I'I ua eSerrun- HH TpaH3aKIII,In, KoI{To

ce

gadassr

wil4

He ce ocbrrlecTBsBaT.

1

fla:aprr

He e Hlrro eALIHcrBeHa HrITo uep$er-

dra

SopMa 3a opraHl,I3ar\ufl. Ha I'IKoHoMI'IqecKHTe

ipaHrarquu.

floutKora

ueqa-n6ara g [o-roJrffMa Koraro ce KoopAtrlJIdpa pa3AeneHl,Iero Ha rpyAa BbTpe B opraHl43aul,I{ noA ,,BVtAvtMaTa pbKa Ha MeHr,rAxbpa'0. Menv4xrl";pa, He3aBHclIMo

or

fia3a' pa peuaBa KaK Aa ce LI3[oJI3Bar pa6omraql'ITe B

^,,a"^u

$raprraa.

flrpnouaqa[Ho

pa6orur'rul'ITe ce HaeMaT oT [Ia3apa rI TOBa e CBbp3aHo c pa3xoAl',I 3a HaMLrpaHe Ha 4o6pn pa6orHuqu, 3a AoroBapfl- He Ha ycnoBl,Icra Ha

rpyA,

HaAHI',IqI',tTe

V

T. H.

Koraro

o6a.Ie ra3I,I TpaH3aKIIufl

ce

I'I3BbpurlI BeAHax, HaeMHI,Iflr pa6ornnr e roroB Aa cneABa 3arIoBeAIlTe Ha co6crseHl,IKa

IIo

BpeMe Ha IIeJIHfl

AoroBopeH IreplloA. Kamo p%yfinqm rcoopduua' rlunma.

Ha

uKoHoMuqecKama deiluocm aemdy deaaqma azeHmlt (dozoeapnul 3e.Medetcrcu yc/tyzu 6

nbpnufl ctyuail u HaeMeH pa6omuuK BbB emopun) ce r{3Bbp[IBa He oT ABI,IXeHLIeTO Ha na3apHl'rTe IIeHH, HO nO LpHmpq/Iu3upaH nbm om aBmopumema Ha u euud ctcop a. flpeBpburaHero Ha rpaH3aKIrI'IflTa

or

BIHIITHa (na:apua)

ntn

BbrpellrHa ($raprnrena) .uana

na Sepvrepa Bb3MoxHocr (nnacr) Aa KoHrponnpa

TpaH3aKII vur e no-e@exu,I BH o, Aa rlo BI'I trru cBoI'ITe aAaIITT,IBHH Bb3MoxHocrl{

I{

Hs6erHe [a3apHnqr

prrcK. Tosa cblrlo IIo3BoJIflBa Ha MeHI'IAxbpa Aa crrecrr,I rloBTapsuu ce pa3xoAn 3a HAMnpaHe Ha ilpoAaBaq Ha 3eMeAeJIcKI,I ycnyrn (unu

croru), :a

AOrOBaptHe

Ha

ycnoBHsTa

Ha

pa3MqHa, 3&

IIOBTOpHI,I nperoBopl,I B rlpoqeca Ha I',I3rIbJIHeHHe Ha AoroBopa, 3a peuraBaHe Ha cllopoBe qpe3 TpeTa lo'eBTr,ruo (uxonovruvno) Aa ce opraHl'I3llpa eAHa

TpaH3aKuI,Ifl qpe3 BbrperuHa $opvra BMecro qpe3 rra3apa.

Aro

leficrBureJlHo cblrlecrByBar pa3xoAI'I

3a

H3IIOJBBaHeTO HA qeHoBaTa cHcTeMa, HI',IqO rryAHO trlg.4ktF'vt!.vTe

Ia

n3IIOJBBaT pa3IUtIHI'I

12

/

I4KOTIOMNRA

U

YNPABJIEIIIIE HA CEJICROTO CTONAHCTBO 7 / 1996

(5)

t[ /

9661 /

I

OqJJHYIIOJC OJONSIrg] YH flHHflItsYdU^

H

YXUWOHONW

uufrxeeHedr nnmHqs eH orelnunae4 'nu[xeenedr nnmedrs.s res.,{srcefitc os elrdo$ eHnuroHVe g 'uufixeenedr uumedrs,s r4 r,rHmHq,a

ro

(snxeu) rcon -u.{xss,c

-

autnnhxntuodru

ou

anhntnunzdo

ot

nw -do# nc (nnhoenupzdo autnxtdanrdafi n) ou,towdafi

€s?JOr

e.uI_re}le rHxtohHl

loHoxll eH

rHor ielfe HesoHco a. oHd{.sedu ac

errulxeesedr

or?Joy

'rullxeuredr

eE ornVoxced €H gsedneuwllHlll{ t

€HIfeHe

HorernHsedc Hmds,sen

oc eY esgsdr refi

nte;-

Ee

'osr.fowsoVeIr3 'urrufixeeHedr 3H onesrsro -elnq.co

?f,

uVoxeed erl,IHlferucoHro

ro

uonsee

ern esedgtu

ertg

ern er'rdoQ

rox 'erur.ftturc

3H

elrHomoHro ou eslcniuVgdu

u

xVoxced usnureed ercov rer\ru ruhxeuredr ee uwdoip ldHsl,Irendarre r{coJ '(egrenen rfon

o

rufietl{Herdo) edeceu es rhree BH €xrogedgo og nr,ftrc'{ eaevodn eY i(doa

-orov

aov,(dr) errl,lroe Arogedgo

uv

rcudorxsdr

er^reeH

eY ldorxedr eH

xlauesrogoo ?H e[sede vou nc €Jrr rec eYeY ev exonr rq,dov{deip !(egreneu

ufirneE

oH rl{rl?eunerdo)

u:r(rc,(

ulaedu*rH€xor I

es€rrou eY v sqredeuoox

I

ltt>r

ulr.nYesnwdu ec eV loHrer(vprsnYHn

r€scror or

eV os odorxedr

rrur{xee eY

ruJoI

I

lrdeltdeQ ovtroxrH i(er,{rcf ee dosoroV) edeeerr eH

errI

Ie6 €H exrogedgo ee

erfrcd

uufv eV !(doaorotr seedqscoHl iueea) weex

tror dorxedr

eYeY eV

i(lrutilr

se doaoro[') dor

-xedr

er roen eV !(rcouosrcgoc eunnVe) dorxedr uur{xee eV

exolt For

:uHI,Ih?H I{HhI,IIrezd ercoV ou

'dolvedr

c rwee eH exrogedgo denuduen otrnrl -xeenedr esVs edlatunerdo eV exoru rs,derudeqr

'urudcQ nnnonfieeuserdo elnnnnrreed

,{trxoni rcou4eV

Br€xcohnl\toHo}I}I

BH

orer{HelfoVedueed

w osroHeuort

oJoxclfec

s

ndrtrx,(drc Hxcehr,Il{oHovu Hxhncs

rrHcrgo

oc eV ev(or r rufixeeHedr ee ultdoQ eruHsl,IruHdeure

€H

rcouanrxeQo ?rgHlferl{Hsedc

eH

gresoHco

€H Hr.rheH

lr€or og

'rnfieelrserdo errtdv eH ilt-tn edeeeu eH I,rsErJo eo rnfiv€€Hedr eumsdrq,s oxe

?xrer

r-oII €s?rc

eJirvr'lef,nuerdo 'vultetunerdo

erddv ro lalrn edeteu eedr'

er€srsroarnc,co

e oo

nYedu

orrox 'rufixeesedr

SHIforI{HIfs,[oV

(eumedna needr) eshorrvs oxe

el^trlroJ-olr

esero rraleenserdo

€Htre oHIrewsoVolfJ

'rl{n

"-€rr.rneJdo

erfdv

cedn

uvu

edecelr ?H umdq,seu eo

eY oroxlfoxro

oxrrur t-orr

ec

eruVoxced o>t€

vuYreen*terdo

ro

Hmdq,a€lt eJ orfl

?rrr[veenedr :rH[veeuedr ee

nVoxeed oruHIrEHIruodaQNv

ro

nlwset uvrrer,nrerdo e wuu edetell eH nslcerfiq,co

oc eln rnfiveesedr

eHVe

wrcfii

'rplfiedrersn (rcouearogo3 eniruVe

eH

EresoHco ?H) esmed

-J{s

oV'truttomoHroor{nueg IaHdogoroY ussedrc

-uurr{w H

-r(gV ust'odcoJrq,V

fi

uttnodcoxredx uHrrnrced

eedn 'rufixeeHedr

esdeeeu ercodu

ro rednxned oc

nmdoQ

ueoJ

'erunfixeesedr

?H onHorrsedur{ ee umdoQ ernHsrwudsure ,(trxent rrrcoHgedx geV oI I33

e

'eJ rEInesI'oIIoIeI{oHt lreas

?c eH (errnxdedeg) errrrlsel'IHerdo n rtdeeell_

'(an[uomndw

Ds awnQoxtod) vnhnsnutow n anhounqdooJt D€ nQox

-tnd

atanxJahntundxodug

n

(nqoxcod nHaswJQog

- mo du) nda w m d oH vnw oH olln DunxJ ahnz o tt oHxaul {.qcrcaw DQo?En Du,tDHtlautn)rcollolt

uto

wulro?'ou

hayDQ arno,9 daweod vnuuonhnenunzdo an.rmvtYus

ern oHcorf osrcH?uorc

oxcrec oroxcderrr.g

eH

euruseed oroycohl,rdorcn a tr?€€H r reHVorJolr

ovv 'rulxeenedr ee

uVoxeed

fi

HVoxe"d r4HosJcVoa

-enodu osHewadsoHVe escullroHovu

"Y rezllnerou

rr{HHOH

ro

Hcrsee eY esgrdr ewdoQ ereumedrc.s

eH

dewced runaurxeQe

or

'(ngeruew

n

udevl -eed eH rr{hronoxfi .oJ.comnreveH) uxurcnderxedex r,rxcohr,rJorfoHxer

ro rrrgYeduo ec

rnlecnserdo eresmedrss eH

n[usedr

ernsredrfuen orexofi'

o,

fnemdu

nr[wnwc D,

nwncrcad

ou ,;:;ff:t

n

autnnltxotuodu,t nu troduntut o€ rnhnuawoLt wtH -amnsoLt r(pncaw Dut1Qo?tn aQqg op oegadut owdoQ outnumadwqr oH odawsnd

m

pndautndx ruvnusotno 'ouraLuCIgoQav)

'u(rftrturc

usdegeu

ec

erurned -urodrHo)ror{?c n glunlnor r ?sexorudn en 'er'ego

ya 'dete[

r]rHr roHoJae

c

ouHeHsedc

s

errrultxef

-sedr es

esedurodrsox €e osrcl luVedu

ohtrror egexerudu

rwYtetwwerdo ereHmodrs,g 'edecen o or,rHoHsedc

s

vwltetptserdo

s

ur reroJ-orr oJoHlr

eJ

rcoHgeV eresre,{VnsuVHr.r

eH

yr4fiennYdoox ee ornVoxeed Hnr.rsedr erungel^Ioc Hqseu

orosr

-cdewdeQ s<rfl 'eruwdeQ es ederueed eH eurusced

Be dorxeQ lulnedurnnl,tr.r e uuledeuo

H)tJ -reVer^{ee orr,rHh}rrndx ec exs,d euroged €H4er^ie3

eserolteu e3 EY

errcoH)Koweqs

eh

'Jertrvtl

ssedrc

erurpraeed

s

ernder.ideQ

ro

oJoHIAJ

'eruxdedeH

en

etnuHsed

wn el.yu\tetuserdo eH

egoHorh ousr.nreed ,{Vxelr ernrxnrQHor eH eseYxerJen e6 r,rVoxeed

€hil{ ootaag 'lrrHeJe

eru)Icahnr roHoxrr

eH

aH

--edunrtrruurc Be uVoxeed resr(srcelns,c' owdeeu a

6

'pnneurs.lrcn orosoJoH eH elrrvrsorcr{

s

HHowodu

fiAu

eHerru

?H

eHesroHemds.ss.cr(

ee

uEoxeed

?c Hrl{uvoxgoeH' orua da' olr,rfiusr cenll,

ro

ldxh{rro

eH

oroH€srredsroVedu

€e n

BH€Ifu

€H

oreHl{

-eHrs,ilou osedurodruov ee raYoxeed ec r€sxoHcE

'odoulg

'H€rrrr uoaurxsQe

eH

oreH€srogedced

e€

14

'uurorfosxel v

ucdrbed errrlues,{sJ3orrtq^J eH erenrrHerou eH oHrlfeYaduo e€ I{troxced ec

nlt

-?rYoxgoau'oedey 'snxdodavt s nlln snuamad oH aH -ohra€B oHgnl,uttatrox eadu anhnunpdoox D€ npoxeod nuuonhxntundut oHHawn

D

'npoxend

ng

wosQn

aH ernnfixeeuedr

en rnleennurdo

eregmedrs.s

eH

€r?srcr^ruYedu

oh 'e osoHro rs,doaong

idewl+:d satHrced

c

unYteenHerdo nsVodoseed

s

r?ir..L

l*i:,i

nir

*drc erurueced

s orudendaQ orne6 er{un?el4Herdo ernvcdor,idoQ en u urer^rdeQ en orufiunedr nratreduo

ooy ierwdn

-,(vHH

s

orr{r{Herrr

iox ro

xq,r€r

t-ou

oHlrerHhel{€

s dgneed rrHHFeH H orgnlfotrewee s rurleense:do eHsoHco o zlrdoQ er€Hrrr,rr{eQ orn?6 iosr3Heuo-t;

oroxclfec

s

ndelteed ust'nrreud

c

UHrIB€I,IHerdo

urr{dV fi ultdoQ

nurer(VnsuYHn

res,(srterr.b ornet'(699'drc'(,66I'uosrusllllA\),,0ehosotr

u e 'usedil

nnrdraQ II)IIreI^I

ro encosufxsiu oreov 'ovr'nos

ramdq,s

eY eltduQ

erewrlfoJ oxol.t oH offl€to' :vselrlou oJ HocI ISI{IrI{A

orx"t

wry4 ivr{Herrr

rox

er

rrlroJ

esVe

s

esmdq,seH 33 oH osicuoseuodu oxcHulrorcovclrec

orolfrn

orrls€

:Hr{h?H rr(dr ou }r r4s?r30u e) eY

exol{

ecodur.g 'nqoxmd nHasulJQoaenodu oH aH D 'nxlahuatrsodu.t

DH nnwoHurn

I

osvtodtn ac vnhxomndw nu owdofi

Deott n€DLu tuo nutoQo?En '(rs,c dontndueu) euedH J)oHgHJ)IsAg

n

rnHgItgYdII.t

(6)

---

YNPABJIEHUE N EAEKTNBHOCT

3aBI{Cn OT CTerIeHTa HA CaMO3aAOBOJI'BaHe Ha

Seprraara

u Moxe Aa 6lae 6lugro

Ao, Hyna.

Koraro $epveprt

HaeMe trocroflHeH pa6oruur TOraBa paBHlIuIeTo

Ha

BlTpeIuHH TpaH3aKqI'IlI HapacrBa. CrorserHo pa3xoAl{Te cBbp3aHI{ c re3l{

B:rrperuHl{ TpaH3aKqrlu craBar roJIeMI{

u rpt6ua

Aa ce B3eMe perueHlle: Aanfl e IIo-I4KOHOM]iIIHO Aa ce HaeMe rpyA (nrrpeureH rpyAoB AoroBop)

ulu Aa ce

KyrIyBa

or

ra3apa -

(ntnmeu

4oronop)' Br opor o cblrlo [peAnara pa3ruqul{ MI4 H}IMI'I 3}Ipa- rrIH pa3xoAl{Te Bap}IaHTu:. AAIfir Aa Ce AoroBop}r ycnyra lrnl,t

Ky[]I roroB

rIpoAyKT. Hrcououwtec- rcomo onpedeteHue Ha fiepuepcKamq opzaHu3al4utt, Koemo ce noryttala e,4e moBa e cpedcmeo (fiopua)

34

OpzAHU3qI|Utt HA SbmpewHume

u

BbHwHUme

mpawqnlluu

c

.DtuHurily.L4 pasxodu.

ltconounqecna pontr na AbPxaBara Hrouou

fiKara

"u

*pua*oAl{Te

3a

rpan3aKql{fl npeoAonrBa Ao[ycKaHero

Ha

HeorlacnqecKara

IrKoHoMlI fl, 3a ny-rla pa3xoAll

IIo

rpaHgarqns. Tq rlocTaBt ,rpa3xoAllTe 3a I'I3noJI3BaHeTo Ha ITKOHO-

MlqecKara cl,IcreMa'o 3aeAso c npo[3BoAcrBeHHTe pa3xoAI,I

rpr

ae$uunpaHero

Ha

e$errraoHilre

rpaH[q]I

Ha pa3nuqHnre yflpaBnenqecKr Sopr'rn 3a opraHfl3a\ufl, Ha llKolroMuqecKara Aefinocr.

flo

rogn [oBoA A p o y m{rue: ,,Ee3cnrnero Ha lla3apa (market failur6)

rie e

a6comor. no-ao6pe

e

Aa pa3rneAaMe

Ilo-mllpoKa Kareroput'

Ta3lt

-

Ha

pa3xoAI,ITe

IIo

TpaH3aKIIUt'

Kotro

HaI'I-OOqO

sarpylurna, a B orAennlr clyl?u vr 6norlPg

SofivrnpaHero

Ha

na3apl'Ire* -

(A r r o

w,

1969,

crf

. +e;.

Koraro

cneqllaJlllsa\uflTa I{ AuBepcu$u;

Karllrtra Ha LrKouoMurrecKara Aefinocr uapacrea,j TOraBa pa3MtHara MexAy I{KOHOMI{qecKuTe areH+

Tu cra*a cJIoxHa. B pesynrar Ha roBa pa3xo,4l{Te 3a KOOpAI/,iHA\nfl, rI MOTI{BA\Ufl Ha aKTI{BHOCTTa Ha

clleqnzull{3HpaHllTe areHTIa_ 3aeMa HapacTBaIrIa

qacr or

IIenoKy[HI{Te

o6uecrseHu

pa3xoAl{' cuope,u HtKoI{ }I3CJIeABaHlit pa3xoAHTe 3a rpaH- 3arrlr,rt Aocrllrar no 45 o/o

or

O6u1ur--qpolyxT Ha r{HAycrpI,IeuIHI{re

crpaHl{ Karo CAIU

(N o r t h,

1994, crp.360) " 3a

la ueqertr or

crlequarla3ar\vrfl'

Ta v Aa

HKoHoMI{cBar

pa3xoAll 3a

o6NasHa HKoHoMI,IqecKI,ITe

cy6erru

u3noJr3Bar cborBerHl{

Ooptt

3a rpaH3aKIII'Is

Karo:

,,,uz6epu

cu

caM"

r,rro6perenl{ero 3a MapKerI'IHr }Inu ruupoKo pa3- rrpocrpaHeHara

TbproBl{f c

npol'I3xoAr{ (culu- crpeHcKl4 xaitcuu, caMoKoBcKH KaproQH' MeJI-

HuruKo BI,IHo

u

T.

H.) B

ceJlcKoro crorlaHcrBo;

cToIIaHcKHTeareHTI'ICb3AaBaTpa3nHtIHI'II{ACTIdLT opraH[3aql{I{ Karo KoHTpaKTI{, ASJITOCpOTIHI'I CIIo- pa3yMeul,Ifl, Spauuaffrn H, Ap.;-

perllcrpllpar

vr cnequalnll opraHll3allnu Karo $epuepcKl{ cApy- xeHI,Ifl, KOOIIepaIIHU, KOpIIOpaUnu

vt

T'

H'

B

MOAepHrrTe r{KoHOMHKT{

ca

ugo6peTeHr{ cJIOXHII HHCTHTyIIHI4

IIentqI{

MLIHHMI{3}IpaHe Ha pa3xOAI{- Te 3a TpaH3aKqHt KaTO KaqecTBeHn cTaHAApTU' errnrertn c unSopMZIIIHf, cI{creMH ga o6qecrBeHo caHKIIUOHIIpaHe Ha KoHTpaKTI{Te

n

AP'

Konqendu flTa 3a rlpoBana Ha rra3apa ("market

failure") He

HoBa

B

I'IKoHoMlIrIecKara reopllfl' Maprc'nalpaBlr saAHI6oqeH aHiuln3 Ha HecbBbp- rrreHcTBOTO Ha ntrlapa

v

Ha Ka[I{TaJII{CTI4qeCKIITe

14

/

nKoHoMnKA

n

vuzABJIEHHE HA CEJICKOTo CToUAHCTBO 7 / 1996

Qopvrn Ha opraHll3aqur. Tofi o6aqe

rbpcl'I pa3perueHlle Ha npo6lerraa -B opraHI{3aIII{flTa Ha Bcr{rIKtI TpaH3aKrlrtt4 B eAHa $optrla

-

HaqHoHaJIHa

fiepapxux. Mapxc cbIIIo raKa rporrycHa Aa BHAtr Ar,rcr,rKoHoMl{flTa

or

KoopAllHat\ntra

H

MorI'IBa- qusra Ha Aefi nocrra vpee 6rcpoKpau vfir a. T paau-

uI,I ouHar a Vlucrurylll{ oHaJIHa }IKoH oMI{Ka oflucBa cnyqal{Te ua ub:apHl{r npoBaJI 3a Aa o[paBAae AbpxaBHara ratitbpBeHllut B arpapHl{re rpaH3aK- quu.

Ts

o6a.Ie, nponybKa IIflJIoro MHoroo6parue Ha e$erruBnr qacrHlr yrlpaBneHrlecKu opraHl{34- tlnr.r (6upMH, KoHTpaKTlI, cnopa3yMenl{s

u

AP.), Kor{To Morar Aa 3aMecrrr lla3apa. Ctruo raKa He ce B3eMa IIpeABI{A H BA3MOXHOCTTa 3a IIpOBllJr Ha

AbpxaBara l"Government failure").

Koraro

eAlrH Kpyfieu MneKoIIpolI3BoAI'ITeJI Hae-

Me BeTeplIHapeH neKap BMecTo Aa pa3quTa HA na3apa

Ha

BeTepI,IHapHlI _ycnyru; I{JIII Koraro

$epr"repure o6pasyBar csa6AnreJIcKH I{JIH MapKe- TlrHroB KooneparllB BMecro Aa rI3noJIBar cso6oA-

riufl, ua3ap 3a

3aKy[yBaHe

H, upoAax6a

Ha npoAyKTI{;

uJtr

KoraTo eAI{H $eprraep BJIe3e B Abnrocpoqen KoHTpaKT c npepa6orBareJlno npeA- rlprltrlre lIJrlI Tbproneq; I{ Koraro HflKot arpo$np- Ma cb3Aasa co6crBeg TexHoJloruqeH orAen BMe- cTo ,qa 3aKy[yBa eKcTeHrubH ycnyrH oT [rasapa,

^CUqKO

mOSA O3HAqABA qe CmonctHcKume cyoeKmu 3cwtecmnam qeHolsma cucmeMa c pa3xuttHu fiopuu

HA

Henasapwt opzaHu3AUUU

H4

A?pnpHume

mparcawlui

(rpytoB

AoroBop B nbpBut cnyuafi, cApyxeHlle B68 BTOpI4t, CTpaTerI'IqecKo cnopa3y- MeHHe B TpeTI{f, HnH BepTI',IKaJrHa I4HTerpaque' B

nocleguur).

IoHqrora

BKrrotIBaHe

Ha rpera crpaua

B

r.rHAI{B}IAyaJIHI{Te rpaH3aKuufi

e

ueo6xoA}rMo- 3a

Aa rI{

HaIIpaBI,I -no-e$errl{BHl{

ultrr

Iago6ulo

Bb3MoxHI{.

Mnoro qecro roBa e pmynrar or

I{ACTHO BKIIOqBAHC HA TPCTA CTPAHA B TPAH3AK' l{laflTa. B pa:nnrl{Te crpaH}r MHoro qacrHI'I fla3apu Ha eApo, xpaHI{TeJIHTI BepI'Irn

ttru

grcrpn6yTopll

rr Apyru ca $opvrupalu H

rul4poKo I{3noJI3Bar co6crseHr aranilaprl,I 3a KaqecrBo Ha arpapHllTe rrpoAyKTI,I.

Heps.{ro e$errnnuoro

yqacrue Ha TpeTa cTpaHa

e

pe3ynTaT_

oT

(oJIeKTuBHI4Te ycfinvs, Ha AaAeHa o6qnocr- B ro3I'I c-nytaft To ce

ocbulecrB{Ba

or

o6uecrseHa opraH}I3aqufl I{JIH

rIbK or

MecrHH

opraHlr ga

ylpaBneHl'Ie. Axo HaIIpI{Mep Ce BbBeAe perucTpalll',Ifl Ha HaIHqHaTa

3a

AaBaHe

ilor

HaeM 3eMg Ha o6uluHcro vrlr4 perlIoHaJIHo HHBO, T_OBa IrIe noMorHe Ha TlpceuE

r,r npeAnaralqrl

ra

o6pa6orBaHe 3eMf Aa HaMepfr rlaprHbopu. Peall.r3l{pauara }IKoHoMvfl Ha pa3xo- AH IIO apeHAHI{ TpaH3aKIII',IH MOXe ,4a Aocrl',IrHe orpoMHI{ pa3Mepl{, aKo Ta3I{ OpraHI{3aIInfl noc- peAHHTIU Ha roJItM Kpbr oT KoHTpareHTlI.

- Koraro

BcuttKE

$opvru Ha

I{KoHoMHqecKa

opraHn3allllfl

B 'ravtnnfl

ceKTop

He

pa6oter

3a"qoBoJII{TeJIHo, cbtuecrByna ueo6xoAl'IMo ycno' Brre

3a

AbpxaBHa saueba (Government inter' vention)

B

arpapHl,Ire rpaH3aKul{u. {5Papuurt HayqHn ll3cJleABa:anfl,

n

eKcrenllrln, uuSpacrpyK' TypHoTO pa3BLITI'Ie, TpaH3aKqI{I{Te 3a - arpapet KpeAI,IT,

ca

rI,InnrIHI,I ilpl{Mepl{

3a

uee$errunHi [a3apHa opraH]I3awfr. Tegu Aefiuocru Morar Az

(7)

sI /

9661 /

I

OilJSHVIIOJS OJON)IIqJ VH XHHqII{V{IIA

U

VXUWOHONU

n

rr{Ho}Kors reH ec uHhLtsnnellc ruocus ?sv3nelI rnfrx€€H€dJ. gHEe

eh

'rrynxofouVodu

eY

e>reH

"uwdoQ

erusoH eH

uVoxeed olnsoulxeesedr e*r eszducunrlrHr{r{

e€

erreu[sgrolr

Jo

rrur(xro

ec eY eagrdr ornox 'uvtYrt;rtasHu uHhodcolrq,V eH

dsrxudzx rer rn e5 'unrdoQ uunon[ecnserdo erI{H -snreHderlf? eH

oHeserour

ea nVoxeed usnouFt -xeenedr ornlnr{vor

ro

HHhHIfeud ec uYoxeed nee;

'eurns€sd

omresorrl{rnrxnu

HIIU (spooE cqqnd) ,,H)rorc

nuealcolngo" J

enearVgeuc 3€ ,

oslc

-enenrouduvodu oxcehnrlElrou

ee w

(enduSodre enYe eH oH?s[edx,(

u

eHegfcedgo ee doniudueu) dorxec trHHrceh

a

osroohewondutradu cesefig eE HVoxeed HHlr€heHosdq,u I{I IeIroJ

"c

esotr 'ertdotp ennouheenserdo

erddv nrn

eHYe ?H oresedsnt -doQ ec prtroxeed ussouhxeeHedr orusnodcorrq,V r{ HcoH eY eagvdr osJ€erflgo ovros

?aor

Heac6 'osrorr€noro orovolrec

s

rulxecHedr ec uVoxeed uFn{xer eH ELexLlt toHo)Itr4 ontxeVer,treed x,fu

o['

cnlruuf,Hsdr

sc

[Voxeed usnodlo"nrs.V

u

nln,{uog

'rl{ee

€H erl1ull -xeeHedr

es

rtfireeltHerdo ee endoQ euanrxeQe -UeH

eH u dexevt

o?ttoslcHl,{Ve

orex

olaeged oo etrn ersed eneducxnQ c ereVuode sseJor

'erelt

-nuorr€n eH eHeselrotr€r,I ee euedgee ee,tsrcelns,c

ox? nuu

loglcHeuolc oro:rcro3

s

runecurterdo

Et,

enrdoQ

sHsonco or€x rrHedicodueed

e3 srfi rcorsee €r?Hhl,Ilceh ra osrodortdeQ orougedV eseJor

or

'eVxode N rooHosrcgoo ereuelfhle€orr

€H

srdHerordHed:o nHoxoL?H

€3

daruudues

oxv

'eniorcl{o BsoHoxe€ €"L€Hr1{enrantov a ruornrevxr{Q

Kosc

ednwes

ar*rtrnsprVnn Afxgpru nnfiveesedr nlided"rc

ee

nnrdoQ

tiusuwudeure r,o

resecde J.rnHhHreH ?xral

Is

engedx

g

"rnFreeHne.rdo elr ur.rdoQ nuunrxsQs-ou J.Esson oo ov€ redrAlro em exrer^rc eu4edx

s 3r fl

'esr{slcetns,c ruEveenedr

ou

ornVoxeed

eH

oH€szxHHS 'E€ lrennHorou

sgxuxtrH

oreJox regust€d ec H

resrllrr€fts gtn HI^IdoS ernxcehnareudu^'oHhes es,(srcernq.c

€v exollr endoQ

exrecdeeuH{

roxrH eh

orllH nleufix?€ggdr nHded:e esouvr;- H esoVne Ilrhl'Ice 3H rHneer,IHerdo ee unrdotp esvo oI iBc es.(srcerrs,c eH eh 'Bseaeseo

"sol

'ruhxeesedr ou eruVoxged resourliouoxn oJoHI4I-g€H orl,Iox'l,tnrdoQ Nnsoult -ueuserdo H€or reduruevs e3 ev evr,g err ?rrHII -HeEHer rnsorc.( ni{IsadrtxHox ndu'ndorxacgr{c Hlnedr4HnVdoox oJoHIry

ro

HorJq.c

3t

?xutatoHoxu ereHneod n'nnfixeenedr arl{Hxor eH vwrretuHe:do

€0

unrdotp Hudecuuuqsen

resrgeed u

rretrxdH

oc

r,IrHoJe orfixcHguorc HxI,I! toHovl{ ernHdeceu

s ah 'ex?x 0c efr

oxot

l

gnHoho{Ifxee

fl

'ornfireruons,HeV

?c €Hoh eHI'I,Iueed rzI In oln ruhxecsedr lc'teJ- eH anxersedu,,{ ee ur.idoS l{Hhulif,ed sruueclluo or. 'o oHVr,rssho'I,rHogBd nsoreVeduo

s

orosrcdet'tde$

exdq,Ifrolr eY eE

usslt unreu[ell3 oII

nrvr{Vodu uxcdewdetp ea,fur{xen eV oxow ereaexdq,V luVedc er"HVodudn

€H

eueurdgoVou

tt

oH?sceIr€e olr nroged ee erudewdeQ ?H oHrxodnV elneru eV ex -or^r er€sexds,V lrcougetr ?fn"srHudxs,coVodudu s uHedHxeJHe ?c

orrox

erudewdoQ eu 'dv H uun -uedaQedlr I,IHhIH€V 'uuUucgfic eaeY eY n nrveodu educueHutp

ef

oxow eresexdq,V ietrodo erBHIro)Io

?H eH?srdgoEou r{ oHes€€lrec rrhxn,{Q euaoHoo

c runerrr rox eHesrcaoc etttw eY oxot^t eresexds.V iela;edget

ueer lrYorc eY

runHeJ€ €HIreI,IIleut

ednmdoQ eV u nruorroHxor ereVodudu

Be LrHceuo HoxrH ulaedget eV ndov oxor^I eresexds.tr lncd,(ced aruuVodudu es eH?se?lre€ ?e H osrodelnl -deQ

e€ urdevsdlc,

nueedgoqooVodndu eVesq,s

eY oxow

eresexdq,Y

:ru[xeesedr

eHHedrcndr lnra:-

€H

euedneuHerdo

e€

IIHTIhBH lrsnnreed osrcoxoHr^r resr{srcern{J'?HsHrxeQa-ou

o

orII

wrn)recH?dr Hser

s

ecol^tgu

ewusexdqf

'orHHrI

-r,rroesHn eu (sorlgewolxo) nrxoQe rneglcVodcouo oroJoHr r

n

(,(lrpqerrdordde) rcor'rarosc,{ er€xcltH nYedou'celtodu Helrerl{xrq,Vodu n uq,x3 oJoHI^i e

'enego

?sol

'evodudu esucedu

ro

rcoHgedrou

er

-€Hxtrr BH eH€srrosoVee ee nufieeunerdo l{Hro€h

nsnureed

redlrr'idoQ

eY

lIIfJot

t exng

olnVns

-uF'*tp4' oHsr.rrxoQe rcougedrou eHoercerrgo I{e€

t

ranosoVee EY

exor{

eH I^rq,€HH€xot{ rrlrsdegeu onvuseh.g 'r,ruedrc urus€ed ovocl{s LIvhuJs stts aHecdq,r olfiearcedeH

c

e etredc ?reHlroxo ?H

or

-aueardgovou H oroHescelr?e'denndueH'€HIrEHe uYoxeed err,rHHoulxeesedr

[nrrenten

osv',tnVedu

vr Horeu{Hsedc

s ('dV u

edeeeu

u

ul.tlveesedr oJrrHrc?h

eH gsedurr{rad

oHescox

vr

oxrdn

'elesexdsV

J.o urxr(Vodu uuearcefigo

€H

osr -cVosenodu

oxrd[

nIrLI esedncneunQ ouaexdc.r osrxeduV) rrnsenuerdo eresoJeH ee uwdoQ lts -auQulteuc eH edo

grr

tt olns.c e 'edoQc eresdefue s ecer r?H eneslcefrgo E€ gendrc rulngo ssho{L:{s

usol

'@n*txoeuodtlt D€ au.tnpoxend

n

oHralunh

=enftts\ awnpox€od

nu

anHamoHl.ao ou nuosLiHaho abeg

ip

asgiAw DuffiQo?tn nnhxotuodut autnudndzo C' oJawoH nueotrcdep

fr)Isls o€

oHraunsoQat')

'zsedrc eredr orex ereaexdr,fi' €H

BHnHes

-deruu euaurxeQeeu €IigoVou ee ndenudu Hmor

ro

BsrcffHgoen

esedrc

erem?H

s

'J

686I rar3

orenifeVor^ree gH enedurr(red oHgexds,tr gc gr€r

-uixedg

'?HsurvexSe-ou a HJ?HEa rnnHesdarsn ereHsexdq,V

eh

I{heH€

eH esor

'oHantxaQa

rrroged oH ?vxerJ€H dorxec

BrrHLJel'. I{L-H edeeeu oreJo)r oh

'e

ltelrgodu rrHt{eIroJ-HPH

'H'r

H

rnYedr rundefue

eH esednrneder

ee

uH[teulloce 'usfilederroox

orgr

nnrreelrserdo uxcdor,rdeQ eu orenednwdoQ EJeI{

-ouYou

rr

or?Jov I{IrLI 'orndentdeQ eu HHItesoHx

nndedre nrr{dr

14

oaordoc usoH

onltJororxat oHr?rfu€eg rs€rooVedu EY et, 'YnlftieLl eHIr€rHeI\

-udeucxe ea,teedgo eresexdq,v denudnen

oJ€lot

e

"sol

'nHilcow€ee ohtgotn nrn nHQo?€n-ou naodu

nz

nnhxntuodw unut n€oLlt

I

anhuasdaumn ou{aH

-anwdep

ofnot out7 '(tulplr

oer;) ,,?vco €HJeLT -eeg"

orex

Hercoseu

o

HoI ioHsQ uxcor'Hl IoHovB r.reor) eruYtetlz.trerdo gH oreHestrrolr€s

lo

eYoten

eHreo(trusntrHl,I €r€H€sehr{rou

u

(ruheeunurdo

et uvoxced) rnruc'{

eruurefvnanYnla ,{Irxan

JCOI rHSHSSC €xr?W esr{srcelnq,c

or€x gqr

"sHhF -orcr{ oJoHt

t

eVr,g eY etttrtt 'olnq,c ru[eeunerdo

sffiI

'tror,rdgu Jq,rqtr ercoV ssxcH€I,I ruhucuuerdo

"HgoVou BH oroH?dnwdoip €sor c ouVee6'Hr lelrol e-l.coV teYs,g orn ndonrdeQ

nfiurorc

HIrI{ I{xreoer eH oreHedlrenserdo otr uullv?€Hedr ee 'enego er -utroxc"d'(auredouoox nxcdenrdoS

ro

dewHdu€Hl

yultetuserdo

eHroeh

orex

kr J€arsrcorfis.co 3J

J}oHgI4JlIfl {pfl W flI[HgIIgVdA,l

(8)

YNPABJIEHNE H E@ERTI4BHOCT

eAHOBpeMeHHO He e [OBTapsUa Ce MeXAy napT- Hbopr,rTe. TrpronuflTa

c

HHTeJreKTynaHH arpapHrr trpoAyrffr4 (uanpurvrep

nareHru)

Mo)r(e

Aa

ce

BKrroqu

B

Ta3lr

rpyfia

rpaH3aKrlr,ru. flarapuara opraHr.{3arlr{r He Moxe Aa ocurypH 3aAoBoJrr.rTeJr-

Ha

Bb3BparqaeMocT

Ha

qacTHHTe BJloxeHr.rt B AAA9HUI A TpaH3aKrlr.{fl , n OpaAH Cr( brroTo caHK rlr,r o- Hr.rpaHe

v

KoHTpon Bbpxy norpe6lenr.rero Ha HOBOBbBeAeHr,rtTa, BrfrcoKaTa HeonpeAeJleHocT H

plrcK

B

.

lrHoBarlrronHara

Aefinocr H

T.

H.

B

p$ynrar Hsrofi rtltu

BcraqKH

or

naprubopuTe

HgMa Aa r,rHBecrr,rpar n cneqn$urrHr{Te 3a rpaH3ar-

\vflTa c orrpeAeneH rrapTHbop arTrrr;u H Ts, ue 6u ce ocbrrlecrBlrJra ugo6nlo. V.racruero Ha rpera crpaHa (.rpes [oAnoMaraHe, ap6urpa\un, caH- KrIHoHr{pame v.qp.) e seo6xoAr{Mo 3a eSerrunHara opraHr,r3arllrfl Ha rroAo6na tpaH3axur,rr.

B

ro3n

crytait

AbpxaBHara poJrr B pa3BuTr{ero Ha HoBa

arpapHa co6crneHoe* (xanpr.rMep BbBexAaHe Ha aBTOITKO [paBO Bbpxy r,rHTeJreKTyAnHu arpapHr{

[poAyKTu)

u

uefiHoro caHKur,roH]rpaHe rqe 6s,qe KpHTUqHa.

CruecrnyBar ABa rr{na AanrocporrHn pa3xoAu 3a rpaH3ant\u*: ,,aa SopMr,rpaHe Ha riHcrHTyrluu 3a ylpaBJIeHHe Karo

Supulr,

xu6pugu, 6topao' tt

3a

,,[poMgHa Ha r,rHcTr,rTyq]roHairHaTa cpel.a, B Kocro npaBara sa co6crBeHocr ca .eacr''.

Oarro-

pI{Te I,I MeXaHr{3Mr{Te 3a HHAyTIVpAHATA r{HCTr,rTy- uHoHaJrHa MoAepur,r3arlrrfl B arpapHara cSepa ca ao6pe paspa6oreHn B nr{reparypara ga O6ue- crBeH us6op (Public Choice Theory). OIue noBeqe e$ err unu ocrr a npn rtao6 Hnvsilpaue Ha $arr opure 34 UHCTLtTyrIrrOHiLnHa r{HOBATILTS 3aBr{CflT OT Tpa- Artr\nflTa, KynTypaTa

v

T.

H. yt Te ca

.qocTa "

pa3rnrrHr.r

sa

BcrKa

crpaHa

(rnrpaeur{ero Ha

Hopro qe He Morar Aa ce u3Hacrr uucruryquu).

Tyr

e Heo6xoAr.{M MexAyAr{cqu[m{Hapen noAxo,q,

3a Aa ce

pas6epe KoMrurerca

or $arropu

AOBe)K,qaqI{ AO eAHO r{nr,r Apyro opraHr,r3aqHorrHo pa3BI{TI,Ie

PasxoAnre

3a

rpaH3aKrlur

B

rlepnoAr{ Ha

rpaHc$opMarlut Ha o6qecrBoro H pa3BuTr.rero Ha r,rHcrlrTyrluoHanHara ape4a (rn6eparlr3upaHe Ha na3apr{Te, BbBexAaHe Ha HoB}r rrpaBa Ha co6crse- Hocr, npaBa Ha rpaxAaHcKo AoroBapaHe

u

.qp.)

rptdva na 6rnar

MHoro flo-roJreMr,r

or

nepuo.qn sa c'ra6uJrHo r,rHcrlrryrlr{oHaJrHo pagBvrue. Tosa e t43KJrrOqprTeJIHO BaXHO KOTaTO

Ce

CpaBHrBaT TeKyrqr,rTe p$ynTaTr,r

oT

arpapHoTo pil3B'rTr,re

cne.q

1989

r. c e$exrunnocrra Ha

ceJlcKoro cTorIaHcTBo B nepuoAa Ha nocTorHHo ,,ycbBbp- IIIeHoTBaITIHTe

ce

rIKoHoMI4rIecKu MexaHIa3Mu"

[peAr4 ToBa. O6uecrseHr4Te npe,qnoqr{TaHrlt BbB BCeKU OT eTarIUTe Ha pa3BlrTr,reTo r{ AOrryCTHMr4Te coql{aJlHr,r pa3xo,un 3a r.IHcTHTyrIuoHHa MoAepHrr- 3a\ufi, ca Aocra pa3nr.rrrHu 3a BcrKo o6ulecrno. Te ca MHoro BaxeH [rKoHoMr{rrecKr,r fiapaMeTbp, Ho Te I''.ABAT 3a r{KOHOMr,rqeCKaTa Cr{CTeMa OTBIH

-

OT

rlorr,rrnqecKara cr,rcreMa na o6ulecrBoro. ?lxono-

MUTICCKU'T AHULII,I3 MO)I(E MAJIKO AA AONPI,IHECC

sa ae$uHr,rpaHero Ha re3r,r paBHHrrIa,

rtfr,

Karo ToBa

e c$epara Ha

norr4TuqecKo B3eMaHe Ha peureHHt.

Hosnre

r.rHcrlrryrluu v4nar Karo pe3ynrar

or

qacTrroTo [peArrpueMaqecTBo, oT rpaxAaHcKr,rTe AoroBopeHocrr4, r.r cApyxaBaHero Ha cy6exrr{Te rd

r. H. OcneH ToBa HKorroMtrqecKrare areHTrr 'rpt6sa Aa uv,.ar uornrrarrecKara cno6oAa

ga

$oprn{L4par opraHu3arluu la acoqllar\nrr

c

rlen

lo6upaue

3a

,,o6qectBeHr{ croKr4",

ra

$opvrupaHe Ha rbpceHe n csa6 AsBaHe g,$yngavreHTaJrHr{ r,r Hcr HTyu r4 o H aJr- HH npoMeHr{.

E$txrunHo

prKoHoMr.rqecKo pa3Bra- Tr,re He Moxe Aa ce ocurypu 6es AevoKpaunr B r,rKouoMr{Kara, Koero 3Hatru ceo6oAeH na3ap yr

cso6oAa Aa ce nt6upar qacrHx $opun

3a

TpaH3ar(qus.

Ho

HrMa Aa uMa peanHa r{KoHoMr{- rrecKa AeMoKpaqnr 6es Aa cbrrlecrByBa AeMoKpa- rIHs

B

ilorrdrnqecKara c$epa.

B raru

cBerJrr{Ha

rpr6na Aa ce pa3rnexAar

$yu4aueHTaJrHr,rre [poMeHr{

Ha

r{HcTr{TyrI}roHaJrHaTa cTpyKTypa B IrlsroqHa Enpona u Aa ce oqeHsBa rrorsHr\uaila fiM 3a rloBn[raBaHe na e$err]rBHocrra Ha arpapHr,rre TpaH3aKrlr{n.

Haconn 3a aHaJrn3a Ha arpapnnre rpaH3aKurrr

Koraro

c[eq]raJrr,r 3ar\ufrTa r.r Ar.rBepcu$uxaguxra Ha ceJlcKoro crorrancrBo ce [oBr{[rana, SepMepr{- Te B HapacTBarqa cTerreH ce HyxAarT oT pa3Mf,Ha Ha cBor,rrg npoAyxtn, AeilHocrrr

r{

rrpr,rTexaBanv pecypcu

-

r.

e. re rpx6na Aa

uHreusn$uqupar cBolrre rpaH3aKrlrru c Apyrr,rre crorrancKn cy6er-

rn.

B Mo1epHr,rre HKoHoMITKH pa3xoAnTe cBbp3a- Hr.r

c

pa3nuqHr.rTe Tr'r[oBe arpapHr.r TpaH3aKrIHH

3aeMar 3HarrnTerHa rracr

or

cbBKynHHTe o6qe- crBeHr{ pa3xoAu. Pagnurr{ero Ha MrrHr4Mr.r3r.{paulrd TpamaKrlr4oHHr{Te pa3xo4r,r $opr.ara 3aeMa 3Har{u- TeJIHa

rracr or 6usnec

yflpaBneHr,rero

]r

B

r{ K o H oM r{yecKara re op}rr . l4tt4us*t4r{Te M

orar

Aa H3TIOJI3BaT na3apa

3a

KOOpAlrHa\HC. HA CBOrrTe

TpaH3aKrIHr,r r JtId

Te

MOraT

AA

[pOeKT[rpaT c[eq[€LnHI,I opraHr{3arlnu

3a

ocbrrlecTBflBaHe Ha TpaH3aKqvure.

Kor

$opMa 3a rpaH3aKrlt4r

re

rqe us 6epar 3aBvrer

or

HKo H oM r.r3 r,rparqur n or eH rrualr Ha pa3nr,rrrHr,rre $oprr,rra.

TpaauquoHHara cqeroBoAna, erarr4crr{qecKa u ,qpyra orrrerHocr o6aqe He AaBa Bb3MoxHocr Aa ce r{3MeprT pa3xo4fiTe 3a TpaH3aKrlr,rr Ar,rpeKTHo.

Crea Karo

cMe,ue$rauupa-nu rpamaKrlr{oHH}rre pa3xoAr,r H Bb3MoxHocTr{Te 3a TgxHoTo IIpr{JIox(e- Hr{e

B

opraHr.r3arluonHus AusafiH

rpr6na Aa

ce o[HTaMe Aa o[eparlHoHaJrr.r3r4paMe Ta3H MeToAo-

roruc.

Tosa craBa fiocpe.qcrBoM onpe4eJrrHe Ha cuequ$lr.rrHvs, xapaKTep Ha arpapHr,rre rpaH3aK- rJnra

il

TexHI{Te ,,Kp}ITI4TIHI{ }I3Mepenufl". Kpnruv- Hr{Te

$arropu

AerepMr4Hupar rr3MeHeHuero Ha pa3xoAr.rTe 3a oTAeJrHr4Te Br,rAoBe arpapHr.r TpaH- 3aKrIr{H. A6corlrornusr pa3Mep Ha pa3xoAnTe 3a TpaH3aKUUfl He e Bb3MOXHO Aa Ce r,r3Mepr{, HO H He

e

Heo6xoAr{Mo.

Hue MoxeM Aa

o[peAenraM

Kpr.rrr,rrrHr4Te Mr{Kpor.{KouoMrlrrecKn Qaxropu, BJlrrteulu Bbpxy paBHr,rqeTo Ha TpaH3aKrIr{oHHHTe pa3xoAkt. C.nea ToBa

rpt6sa

Aa oqeur{M cpaBnr4- TeJIHr,rfl noreHrlr,raJl

Ha

pa3rr,rrrHr,rTe Qoprrau 3a o[Tr{Mr,r3npaHe Aeficrsuero Ha pa3rr,IrlHr.rre $ax- Topr{. Tyx o6ave cMe Irpr4HyAenu Aa HaBJIe3eM BbB BOAr.rTe Ha MUKpOT4KOHOMBKATA v Aa Ce prBAeJIr.rM

16

/

nKoHoMnKA

n

vuPABJIEHwE HA CEJICRoTO CTONAHCTBO 7 / 1996

Referenzen

ÄHNLICHE DOKUMENTE

Institutions for Healthy Assets Market and Economy: A Retrospect for. Indonesia

3a roJrflMa qacr or Qep- MHTe o6aue, ToBa e tre4uucrBeHl4.r H3TorrHHK 3a BbHrrrHo SuuaucnpaHerr Ha rsxHara reKynlav xbn- rocporrHa Aefisocr. Cre- AoBarenHo, Kofaro

€H uvatiufgeuc'ttltuseslcaoc I{Holfl^tecorr'trr(dr nedutruQr{r?sxeH - Iacd(ced uududre (erewdeQ Et uur.raQnlreucen) r,rnnorahuVedr ?H I,Ilrerex -arudu oJrIHIrIlI leQan eu

Institute of Agricultural Economics, Sofia, INRA-ESR, Montpelier.

Haii-rorcMr4qr npo6leu TyK eo qe Koraro rra3apbT nnu YacrlJ^vtsT {icKTop H3I-JIcxAa He paSorm crfcxrrlnuo, ToBa Hc o3HarlaBa qe Bnnarw AT,pxBHara HaMcoa e

EAuncrneHo c npeBpbulaHero Ha UHAI{BI'I- AyanHHTe TpaH3aKuI{u B ocHoBeH eIIeMeHT Ha aHaIrrr3a Ir c oIreHKa Ha cpaBHureJrHara eSexrun- Hocr Ha anrepHarl{BHl{re

Does Poverty Alleviation Increase Migration. Evidence

Ще одним цікавим фактом є показник середньої тривалості перебування приїжджих у засобах розміщення, який становить приблизно 2,5 доби, що йде в розріз