Munich Personal RePEc Archive

Munich Personal RePEc Archive

Strategic management of farm

Bachev, Hrabrin

Institute of Agricultural Economics, Sofia

2009

Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98882/

MPRA Paper No. 98882, posted 05 Mar 2020 16:11 UTC

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n

ose dntrraQu"ldec

-oxe

'(enuEo.r

1) elnr.e[ouJ

eH ol4Honfgo

'(enuflo.r

₁₎

ene

s[{do

go o.r,oude[ont

es

vufie l-eouuJxe zuau.r,xeQa

s aHe[xaslrs u anedn;nolt 'exse.lcof '(wuu[ol

₇₎

nHJoruDK LrHJrlro

en dog[otr r

^exseJcoE

'(eun[ol

1) nr^re€

ntnr[oxfiou

eH

eHesftr,(xet

:oHHolltedaeoac J,eH

-ru,lcoE

ec eE

eagrd.l oJl4ox 'nre[ zurrodcoxr,edx

u lrueuefieduo eJ

ruefi xsr'odco.tuqfi

usoJ, eH oJeHeJI{J

-ro[

eg 'udexeuer^r Jo onau.r,xeQo

ledltuodJHox

ec

e[

,,onx(otrAtr0q,goH"

o oJl4ox 'eneEeur

I{HI IoeH S

ro

ohos

-ou egxJutrr oJex tlq,l

'ottu€norafied e

es or,o[eJJ

BH

eueslcedeH oJoHmqJBJEH-og 'do.l

e.r,excdogo

Ir or

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'oloslcertex

^eH

rodluox

'e.i, -raazdx

eu

anaoE

r

^enesudx 'a.i,ndogo eH oHBaJJIrhou

ee eHua[r(dogo ondeloltr eu eneduJeotrxcxo

oHsuJ -xeQe lr aHesrdEeHa Bt JJoH)KoI^rec,a esefl e.lusedx eH

4odg lruneue[edug'rHJosrDK eJuHrluJx{lodu-gen en dog[ou u vuirred6

^.r,o nlrranor

nuaEoruet

BH coHs eedr' ndd.ruco ec

ernlconsra.lxdrodu eJexoctlg ^'uirnfi -or

_E

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₀₈

r

elrdeQeaedx-oxe eHsraJ,xdEodu

-oxocus r[edrer e[

e

ruQoJ

BH euoqed r,o

[c,soHlos -urr edor

oII guJeHOr rorrJ EH

lruofi elraur'odcoru.r.f

'r

_{6002 eH}

_sedx o[ r,cou4e[

excaords.r, eH -Hoxe€ JrsoHeJc.{edu en

eagrfu al _lren,irc

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g 'os.rc[s.soHJoarx

_Bs

Jg

eH eJK{HEsxJL{tI4 lntc.x aHud

-nruefie

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eHIiaJIilKIl'crlEt

JBhrr4 JEH ,i nreJl4[osenoduoxaurt arnnednrsa -lldo

onde s?rr Jo oJorrJ JHr4toHr

r

delnindue H exe

L'

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odnsnratwxo n

^oQ

w)otfittowes"s ex?J otnqc esu[

r4ro[ zHI'odcoxledx

aJI4HhI4IItud

eri wthntnroad

(au)

ou owHaualuJ ^'I4uatr eruurrodcoJrc,fi eH

oJeHeJ]IJ

-co[ u eJrr4JeJedlc eu

eHearsJoerlctJo

eu

ecedrodu

e€ egeJoadu

IaIneaEY

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-oaJJHEuoJr eH ulrotr

e;,uunodco.tuq[ es vpfitetureed

en ecenodu fl JBHJITJJoII ec

e[

eagrd.r,

oJI,Iox'ulelu.(g

-a d,,nuunffx(erN

"

^{J€ ste}

^xou

nr ah atunruro dc oxwn

dy 'wtaaundw)

qu)Hawow

s

a.aryHrye

-arndu ) outvntng

ou aundntntrnad

et eJJcoilKotttlts B€ vr er,ewdaQ eH antunssnd nu

otara)olTsruuxaQa ue

eseJc[edu

J,esefi u

edeltdeQ undnmrngow

oHHeI I

-adsoHEe

eI

'oJosJJHBIrors EH eJwAEI,Is BH

vvlrelnrl

-ued

eu

(eced.rodu)

elueue.lc exnolo

e€ rcomKohitcts

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nunodtozt/s.Q erttHedlrudl

tdoQ adgoff

'n'.r,

n rult -eeunerdo

erexcdentdeQ eH ilI4J soH

nere[eduo

^e

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fl eHerr{rser wrv

Hdeeeu

useraEeduo

eH

ruaords;,

eH HerreJc eHeue[eduo o

irar'es,,{u,fu vrrr4lvr uuarlt(.geHc r,rsohorux c rralr

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srasoJds,J. eH HorroJc enereEeduo e

in.r,lcouge[ uxcue[elreeaH lr

nneeds.sc a

oJosJcHBrroJJ eH

rnfiexuQncdeanfi enerefieduo

e ie.rx,{trodu eH

dalxedex n [oxanodu 'osJlar.

-ex

oHhr{Qr4nouo

ee

onednlrraQn,r,dec

oHrenidoQ

e

i'd[ u

vr{Jorroxe '.lconJeuoeeq

'oalcer' -Ex

e€ uldeEue.r,o r4Hrrr4Jod,rodu BH aHe[rrdEaHs e

luutlesoHn u.r.(dE u

nfiodou'eaoJ,doc'nr{rouonxel'u[

-oJer r urroH uH eHesrd[oHrr gH Her.IoJJ enarafiaduo e

!er,,rconrar,uI

-ossnodu

'r BJrJonsnlxdnodu

s.rcs,d

nerefiaduo

e ie.r,eltrdeQ

en

nEoxoE lrJcr4h

uulr

r4Huen

'elurrgo

EH r,cc,d ueueEaduo e iorosJ,cfloasnodu eH

ed,{lxrfuc

eaoH eneuefieduo ^<=

loloarcEoseuodu

eH

rcqd nereEeduo

e :JBSrIIOII€U eJ OJCOh-4eH

o.roslcdendeQ sqs r4rron

r.rxJOhr{Jo.r,edlc

orEX

',r,edlrenreod ac

e[

eagrd.r,

oJeJox

'owtaurads tuadrcnhadu eft

il

^oL4/

-dof nwndawtn

ouutadxFtoy

s

nuasadsn

ec

efr'enrdeQ

e.reueEel .ro nwn){nuDoQ nx)ahnlu)tndu ec eY

?,r, -ernrdeQ ew

(etvutrun)

auoa{a1ffiains.c o€ nHnhndu au,r

-nHsotoo

tunartnduto

ey.

eagrdr a1'awade wo

pondau uarapaduo

s

aHznunoQ oQ

oegrfiu rut outnox

'nutor,tt -trtead nutuadxuox

teavtedeu

er,el^udeQ

en elnrafl

ntraft

'df

_{ra Jf,oJe€€ Eso[,(dJ EH} aHEse[Eq)'vt"rufixdtsodu en rsur,axder^,i LIL'H

exrogedadu

emgo

'u,ilrcf

n-rr(d[

v

LrH

-edueHuexan BH eHrs€Jf,otradu'es.rcHeuorJ eJr4HJOeh ee >red(Q EH osJJf,oasuodu

- ^tal

eJesoHerrh eH r4Jcor{

-qafuou nuararad[o

JesKr.roao[Bs

eft

wtnutm eHsoHJo Er rer^in aurHrredailoox Jo

oJohesog

'(uue.r,iaconsu'ntt

-aresrooededu 'ruaordq^r

ea

lrrudas) nneadu,b nnua[

-Jo _rrl-rr

'(lrmnir)

_oJeH

ro

r{JHar\rJOc

lrrrue[.lo

en 'deeeu KHsoJEv\i EH Eg)KBtrodu ee

(nr,tric{

ra) u"LxAfiodu

uxilreu -orJoxJ[eJ

HHoreEeduo eH osJ,ofioaenodu Woalc[edc -ou arHdawdeQ eH floxoE 6r4HsoHJo J,esrd,fuuco eY. ur'tc -r[^r

rer

rH BrErrJJHeuoJJ JeH€r,rg

Jo

JcEh

erruruol '(elt -ads

oHuogoso

Es

ollHer\rlrH?e

'ngox)

eJI4III4HOsJJgoc

eH rldHeJl4hou[edu

rlxf,ahr{r roHoxl{eH

eH

oHBsruog

-o[€s

tttttu'eJ;egJJHlDrer^ro[ eH

eJlr[oxor

eH eHeguc,uo[

'rufielr(cnox

eHosJcgoc es

nr,xrftodu

r4HuJsa I4 TIHJBIIo -eeg 'nneaJcehexoxoolls

en oslcflossuodu - ^enr'uQlr[

-alrc

on

o esJJHerrolc eruHdeaeu-,fuou eH I4 oHpgruog

-oleeolrec

ee elnrrudeQ _"r,o JJeh BH BJrrr,rlrrtrAl

'Bsrogolt

-ac eJrrrD( aL 14 14) el,ultprnea;,l goo en ur,x,{Eodu un[c,soH -Josl,rx(

n rxcre[or io€

r4HrroHco .ruard,funco

eE e

ea -JcHeuoJO o.trxcdu.urqg Jo oJoHI I

eHerwAl.ul,t'deltvdu

-ug'awda[

aunuapnQ

ou

auna({erilcatnq.c

wo wnurrk

-ad rurn1rc nunundu awntngo-paH esle>rou eJrrI4cI4trAI

nnnw

'

nuelu[oseltodu eluxcue[eruet eH

Krrlvrs.

eHudraufndoQ

onrrlrr,cnreedeH I4III{

wnlns

ou,mw

da!

DH anHar sndu,(. oxcanne auo dtu3

I4rcoruornw<a u ynpas/reHtte Ha ce/IcKomo cmonaHcmeo, 54, ⁴¹²⁰⁰⁹

BbHtuHume fat<mopu ^rua $ep',nama. TlpuJlara ce r.Hap.

SWOT

aHarrrl3,

Kofrro ugeuruQuqupa

cneqtlQuvHl4re cultHu u

cto6u

cmpaHu ^rua Qepnama (n'nrperleH oglar) I4 CbIIIOCTByBaIIII'ITC 6b3/noJ{HOCmu

u

^{OnaCHOCmU 3a}

fiep'nama (ntHureH ogur). I-{enra

e _Aa ce

onpegeJltr nafi-earutume

B'brpelrrHll Ir BbHIITHI4

fatcmopu

^{3a KoH-} KpemHama

Qepva,

^{KoI4To ca}

om

3HaHeHue sa docmu-

?aHe Ha Ne/IaHume ^I4e/Lu Ha ra3l4 Qepua.

SWOT

aHaJII43br BKJIToTIBa orlpeAeJlfiHero Ha ^qe-

rrrptr

eneMeHra

(Qnr.

2):

.

ctwHtrme cmp&Hu: ^Te3I4 ampu1ymu rua Sep"namo,

Koumo

codeilcmeam

3a

docmuzanemo Ha

4etume i'

Tosa

ca xapaKTepI4crIaKII ^I4 pecypcrl' B Kol4ro Qepva-

ra

e go6pa

v

^vrl'r.a cpaBHI{renHI4 rIpeArIMcrBa.

. ctafiume

cmpaHu: re3l4 ampu1ymu rua fieprnama' Koumo npeHam ^3a pearusupaHe Ho qeJnume

i- Tosa

ca Herua, KoI4To

Qepvara [paBI{

^{notrro I4nI4 He nplrre)Ka-}

Ba.

.

^Cbt$e cm?y6Ll4Vme Bb3rmOJICHOCmu: Te3u y C /toeua

u

mettdett4uu Ha ebHtuHama cpeda, Koumo

nodnona-

zam docmuzaHemo Ha

qetume

rua

feptnama. Tosa

ca I{KoHoMI{qecKI4,COIII4aIIHI{'IIHCTI4TyIII4OHa[HI4LIlIpV.

po[HI4

Qaxropu, Kolrro

cb3AaBar HoBI{ Bb3MoxHocrl4

ra

6raronprqrcrBar

pa3BlaTl4ero Ha

Qepvara.

.

cbt4ecmgysaryume onacHocmui ^Te3r4 yc/Loqun u meuderuryuu Ha BbHu,tHama cpeda, Koumo 6b3nperLnm- cmnam pea/Lu3upaHemo Ha 4e/Lume na Sep'uama.

To'

B A C A I{K OH O M}I ^II C CKI,{, CO UI4 AJI HII, I4H CTI4TYIII4 OH ^AJI HI4 I4

rtpplpolHtl Qarropu,

^KoI4To

[peqar

^Ha cbirrecrByBa- Hero I4 pa3BI{TI4ero Ha Qeprtaara.

SWOT

aHaJIrI3br e opueHmupaH rcn'u 1udeulemo ¹⁴

rpa6ua aanoKpula

^nepuoda

(or uacroaurero)

do pea-

tu3al+tlflma

Ha cmpamezu\ecKume \e/Lu Ha Qeprraara.

AHaruetr

^{Ha ycnexl{Te 14} npoBanl'ITe Ha crorlaHcrBo-

TO B MI4HaJIOTO e MaIIKO IIOKa3aTeneH 3a nomeHwua/ta Ha

Qepuara [a

ce Bb3no136a

om

Bb3/nu{Hocmume ^u npeodorce onacHocmume Ha Ilocro.aHHo pa36uaau4a-

ma ce

cpeda.

B raeu

^Bpb3Ka

e MHoro BaxHo

Aa ^ce aHanI43I4paT

He caMo reKylrllrre, Ho

14 OHAKBAHUW?

Bb3MolGocrl{ tr oilacHocrl4

CI{JIHI4Te

\r ^cla6iare

crpaHl4

ua

_Qepvrara 3a

[a

^ce adanmupd KbM r.trx'

SWOT ^aHanl{3br rpx6na 4a

Qorycr4pa

ca/no

Ha

Qarroprare,

KoI4To ca om 3HaHeHue

(nnumr uttu 6uxa tro"n".sn") sa peatu3upaHemo

rua

foptnyrupaHume

qe/ru rua

fiep,uama.

Cte[oBareJIHo' ^BceKI4

SWOT

aHa- Jrr{3 e yHuKa/IeH,

rlfr Karo ca crporo

cneqraQrauuu:

BbTpeIxHuTe

xapaKTeptTcTvrKtl

Ha

BCflKa oT[enHa Qeprtaa; ycnoBl4rlTa

Ha

BbHIIrHara

cpeAa'

oKa3Banrl4

cblrecrBeHo

BJtI4tHI4e Ha AageHara Qepvrara; cleIII4-

Quunure

uenl4 Ha pa3BI4TI4ero Ha BcflKo eAHo croIIaH- crBo; u [pOAbJI)KI4TeJIHOCTTa Ha nepl4oAa 3a peaJlu3a- rl'1lfl HA CTparefr4qecKl4Te ueJII{ Ha orAeJIHI4Te Qepvru.

Hafr ^- r axH I{Te sbmp ^eu,mr,r _Q

arropl4,

^{cII oco 6 crB} aIrII{

urr4 lIpeqeull4 3a peanu3alluflTa Ha IIeJII4T9 HA nA3Ap- HO-OpUeHmUpaHume cmonaHcmga

y

Hac ca:

+

HzuII{qHu

(negocrarluuu)

ylpaBneHcKl4 I4 rlpo- r43BO[CTBeHI4 yMeHVrf

V onvT;

+

Hanrvrrr4e (u ^e

gocrarlu

eu) rpeArpl4e M arl e cKI4

[yx;

+

HaJrI4rIHu

(Hegocrarluura)

Marepl4anHu, Qunan- coBrr 14 rIpnpoAHI4 pecypcu;

+

HaJrr4rrHa

(ue[0crarruua)

uuQopvrawrs' 3a rla3a- pr,r, r4HoBaII[[, o6qecTBeHI4 rIpOfpaMI4 3a

IrolnoMara-

He ^I4 Ap.;

+ HaJrLrrIHIa

(nunca na)

rraogepHrl

MeroavHa npoll3-

BOACTBO

Ir

reXHoJIOrIrn, Hoy-xay, opl4rldHanHtr vr Ka- IIECTBCHI4 TIPOAYKTI4;

+

Harrl4qHa

(nunca na) cepruQraxaqul

_{na Qepvepa}

ulutru Qepvara;

+

r43rpa[eHa

go6pa (noura) peIIyraIII4r

_{Ha Qepvre-} pa I4

cronaHcrBoro;

+

HaJII4qIle (nrauca) Ha Hacne[HI4u]I, )Kenaeull'l Aa rroeMar

Qepvara;

+ go6po

(nouro)

Mecropa3norlo)KeHvre Ha Qepvrara;

+

Br4coKa

(nracra)

[pol43BoAl4renHocr, peHra6un-

Hocr n

KoHKypeHrocnoco6Hocr

na

_Qeprraara;

+

Br{coK

(ire4octartuen)

noreHllIaan 3a

a[anraul{s na

Qeplr,rara;

+

HaJrr4tIHa (riunca

na)

eQexu{BHa opraHl'I3ar\vrfrHa crorlaHcTBoTO,

+

HaJrr4qHa

(nunca na)

eQerrI4BHa opraHla3aunt crrc cs a6[I4TerII4Te ¹⁴ K].ftryBarrl4Te ;

+ Hiurr4r{HIa

(Hegocrarruuu)

,,go6pu" orHoIxeHI4{ ^c lbpx<aBH ^vT e

v

MecTHI4Te I{HCTHryIII4I{.

Ha

ceraruHll.fl

eran or

pa3Bl4Tllero,

safr-naxHNre lbHulHu Qaxropu,

6naroupraflTcrBallrl4 I4nI4 Bb3rlpe- rurTcTBaIqI4 AOCTI{|aHeTO Ha IIenI{Te Ha cToIIaHcTBaTa

y

Hac ca:

+

pa3BHTI4eTO Ha perI4oHaJIHI4Te, HaIII4OHanHI',ITe ^I4 MexryHapoAHI4Te rla3apl4

3a

rIpoAyKTI4re

Ha

orAeJI- Hr4Te oTpacnl4;

+

pa3Bl4rl4ero (ne paenrarraero) Ha KoHKypeHIII4-ara Ha pefI,loHaJIHI4Te ^I4 HaIII4OHaJIHITTe na3apl4

cbc

3eMe- AencKI4 rIpoAyKrI4;

+

[I{HaMI4Kara ^Ia

role6aHvrflTa

Ha rIeHI4Te Ha cen- cKocroIIaHcKIrTe [poAyKTI4 ;

+

pa3Bl4Tllero

(aacroa)

Ha

rbpceHero

^{Ha MacoBI4,} KAIIECTBEHI4lll OPI4TI{HANHI4 CEJICKOCTOIIAHCKI4 NPO- AyKrI4 n pafroua,

crpaHara u uyx6una;

Our.2

Fig.2

ii*l

llonoNumeanu QaxmoPu/

Positive factors

Ompuqamennu QaxmoPu/

Negative factors Btmpewnu sa Qepuamalnternalfor ^{the farm} Cunnu crpanr,r /Strengths ^{Cna6n crpanra} /Weaknesses Btuwuu sa Qepuama/Erternal for the farm Bus ntoxxocna / OPPo rtu ⁿ itie s Onacnocru/Threats

S\ /OT ananr,relSWOT analysis

38

6t

'JeH€r4q Ine&(alcelrlq,c e€ onealcnra[g _*

:(VOOZ

'u

o s

1g) nneatundut

nxcdaw

-dr[ nsounru

er,ed,fuedeJl{Ir

s

e.r,nuedufinQlrluaflra

ro

r4oxrH

es rufieul4gl^tox uun oE exslrug a

^ertdeQ

euefie[ eH

6I{JoJedJ,c

e.tenr'uQtlfierrc oJceh-4eH

'(eeud: _n

_Eox

-edu eu

rafioudau

s

eHeHed.lcoduaed)

aunorraho

^o

i (enrr,re.r,Jo

Bt

atluedelrt -eH

f,

,,oueatroE€n

oHlfenncxeru") auadnturoxad

^o

i(uvuuci

^tlr

^toiloJ rer

-Brrg oc

e[

^eag ,,eJeJztr^tr

J

eIrHO)KI{afl") auaoQar)

.

i*(ouau.rxeQe

a onau.lxeQeen

r,o)

aunokndgoadtt ^o

i(xr.l

Eedu wr.tv ).r,oc,d

u a.lnde[uri en)

atloslloloQ

.

I (e.r,ra.r,ned.(xHo

x

radu

)

^{wn q"}

^d

^{ima s do s a dut}

ⁿ

^c

i(ers.ced -;,o) atunuuad[truox )

rutQox) aaouwaut

s

wcq.d ^o

!.anurotuc

qt

_otuotnn a {swc a'inq.

)

^{oH aHo stotlo}

t .

:JeHsi4g nafidc,sJd Jhos lrtrl4 aoH eH

nule.redlc

eE nluJ otiltt ^{o w t} qs _{nHg oID} o

oxuoxrH

^.r,e af

alcatns,3

'nwnpadc oH arunta)oH)ouo Luo

Dgutttnlnnt

I)Q n

ouopadc

au ruu

i

^{otfltt or.4/ E q.g aluninn g [glilc afns.) D I € vout}

ⁿ

^a

^p'

^{nua dtuc}

n aungol/)

oguvoQoadu

ap 'nuodtul n atunrn/n)

^oH Dsueotno

ec e[ eagrdl,

e"r,eltdeQ eH ervuue.r,ed.l3

'enrnEoxgooH oHal4Jxego e

sJ

'ceH€ug Ktrsou a

illn

-erzrs€H'r,rdenrdaQ

(ra[ernr) wdy'

rnzawodutc oeoH eH oJoHesJ,ogedeud JeJeIr€H 'efiodc

etnesexc,dxgo ec

BJ -efnnrewodu n er,evudeQ en uuefi eJI{HhI4I^tBnn[ 'enego oJcoh OJ0HIAJ 'oJoflrtHBIIOJC BH OJOAXAJBJJ i{€eIIBt eC

eY a wtaawodu,tc oluwtaau)HnQa'eYedc unreHolan(JlrJ, iHLr tr exoohr{I^toHoxl4 EHIItIg€Jc

udu 'eserol

^'.rcouEox

-o[ u

JcoHgocoucolnedr(xHox'.tJouuer,HEossuodu ex -ocras 'delNeed ^{HOIIBI IITJITo}

ulur,cofi -

^I4c oJogJJH€IIoJc

et

m.uvn€ns ndnenraad $"dewdeQ

'neruftrl

I{o>IrH

g

' (euauetr eH vulrvEr4re ^e

d o[

^{€ ma} [o

a)

omentr ^{a u} au ra (u.r,eVod)

eH vrwlsorcri

^ra

elendeQ zs

eJHJJoHor -eE r,o

elner'il.tsI4odu) nunruutnrnad 3[q.9 en eagrdr rurel,udlc elesedgeu'oirraJesoEeu3'oJosJJHeuoJJ

eH ru)oHnap awnintfuaru ott ttvo)oH uxIltEsEE

'nunqadt

aH autntu)otaQoQ

n aumcd[cad ou

aHoBtl/oLttn oJoH -aulxe<pe eshoc€H

atn rtlleledlc

erese'r,ogedeed ed

-9o[' 'n) atunrah n ourn)nw

'oLLtwltns ava/adntnrnad

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Tadnuqa 2 Table 2 Marpnua 3a crparerilqecKa opneHTaqnn 3a MoAepHr3auile

Matrix for Strategic Orientation for Modernization of Orchard

Ha oBoqapcxa Qepua or flasaPgxux Farm from Pazarjuk

Br ^gtrr oxHocla/O ^p po rtu n iti es Onacnocru/Threats ^O6uro

Total Cyua Sum s/w

o1 02 o3 o4 o5 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

Qwnan wpaanl ^{s'1 3 1 o 3 J J 2 2 o 3 26}

S2 J e 3 .) 2 J 2 2 2 ¹ 24

S3 2 2 2 3 2 ^{'l 1} 2 ^{1 1} 17

S4 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

S5 2 2 .J 3 ¹ J 1 J 3 2 23 98

Cna6v crpaanl Weaknesses

W1 2 2 .l ¹ 0 2 0 2 16

w2 2 ¹ 2 2 ^{1 '1} 2 2 2 18

W3 ^{1 '1} 2 2 0 ^{I 1} 0 2 2 12

W4 ¹ 0 ^{'t 1} 0 ^{1 1} 0 0 ¹ 6

W5 ¹ 2 ^'1 0 ¹ 2 ^r) 2 ¹ 14 66

06uro/Total ^{19 16 22 21 10 19 '11 16 15 '15 164}

Cyrua/Sum O/T ^{8B 76}

IAKA/ATACK

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TSPAHA/DEFENCE

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42