the hard disk sub-system

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(1)IMS. INTERNATIONAL. CP/M 2.2 IMPLEMENTATION. For the Series ineluding. 5000. and Series. GUIDE. 8000. systems. the hard disk sub-system. Revision. july. I,. 1.2. 1981. International Lockheed Way Carson City, Nevada 89701 IMS 2800. I.

(2) This. doeum ent. applies. to the f ollowing software produet revisions:. BIOS. 2.23. COPY. 2.3. CPMPAT. 2.1. DSKTEST. 2.1. FORMAT. 2.2. IMSGEN. 2.1. (LO)*. TRANSI4 IJSKTSTHD. 1.1. F'ORMATHD. 2.0 (1.0). HDBOOT IMSGENHD. *P arentheses enclose product.. program. revision. numbers. '. 2.0. which. are. not. displayed. by. the. eorresponding.

(3) TABLE 1.0. 3.0. CONTENTS. CP/M 2.2 IMPLEMENTATION 1.1 Diskette systems . . . . . 1.2. 2.0. OF. Hard. disk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . .. systems. CP/M START-UP PROCEDURE . 2.1 Diskette CP/M system start-up 2.2 Hard disk CP/IVi system start-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. SYSTEM UTILITY PROGRAMS . . . . 3.1 General purpose programs . 3.1.(1 BAUD . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 MEMTEST . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 TRANS14 . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 cpNipAT . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Diskette system programs . 3.2.0 FORMAT . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 COPY . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 DSKTE<<T . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 IMSGEN . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Hard disk system programs. 3.3.0 FORMATHD . . . . . , . . 3.3.1 DSKTSTHD . . . . . . . . 3.3.2 HDBOOT . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3 IMSGENHD . . . . . . . .. utility. utility. utility. 4.0. THE BIOS 4.1 4.2. 4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Console and list device routines. CP/IYI BIOS for diskette . . . . . 4.2.0 Series 5000 . . . . . . . 4.2.1 Series 8000 . . . . . . . CP/M BIOS for hard disk . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 3. 5 5 l3. 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. I I. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. 7 7 7 7. 8 9 9. 10 11 11 11. II 13 14 15 17 17 17 18 18 19. 5.0. SYSTEM GENERATION USING MOVCPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Diskette system generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Hard disk system generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21 21 21. 6.0. SECOND LEVEL. 23. APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX. *CP/M. is a. SYSTEM. GENERATION. A. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. trademark of Digital. Research. 29 31 33.

(4) 1.0. CP/M. IMPLEMENTATION. 2.2. The IMS International implementation of CP/M 2.2 for the Series ineludes the support of a CMD hard disk sub-system and eapábilities for double-density and double-sided diskettes. 1.1 The. Diskette Series. The. 5000. will support two diskette. single-density Series. 8000. f orin. ats. extended. Series. 8000. aeeessiiig. ats:. double-density double-density are. not. supported.. single-dewity double-density double-density. single-density. 8" double-sided. f orm. will support three diskette formats:. Single-sided, Single-sided, Double-sided,. Note that. and. systems. Single-sided, Double-sided, 5". 5000. form at. is. not. the system must contain. supported.. double-sided. drives. double-sided. to support. form ats.. In diskette based CP/M systems, the operating system two tracks of a double-density diskette. The diskette The storage form ats. directory. and. eapacities for the. is designed to reside on may also be double-sided.. the first. 8uóÜ. diskette. Series. 5000. and. Series. are:. diskette f orín at SERIES. directory entries. min. block size. 5000. double-density double-sided SERIES. total. storage 152 kb 3C4 kb. 64 64. 243 kb 486 kb 972 kb. 64 128 256. 1 2. kb kb. 8000. single-density double-density dcuble-sided. CP/M 2.2 Implementation. 1. kb kb 4 kb. 2. Guide Rev 1.2 8IJULO1 Page I.

(5) The BIGS automatieally determines the diskette format in its first aeeess to a drive. aeeessing is desired after a drive, to cmange the diskette format in that cirive, a If it be must (control-C) bcot executed. For example, warm if a single-density diskette was first aeeessed in a drive, and it was desired to replaee it with a double-density diskette, a warm bcot would be required. In the IMS Series 8000 system, single-density formats are fully compatible in ciirectory structure between CP/M versions 1.4 and 2.2. Double-density and double-sided CP/N! 2.2, a Under formats, however, have differenees in directory structure. direetory entry earí control multiple 16K extents, whieh reduces directory searching and speeds up the system. Double-density files created under CP/Nl 1.4 that are 16K greater than bytes in length will yield two directory listings for single-sided and A utility program diskettes four listings for double-sided diskettes. ealled CP/M TRANS14 is ineluded the allow disk 2.2 diskette to drive to be seleeted on one for reading and writing using the CP/Ni 1.4 directory structure (TRANS14 will be be diseussed in more detail later). In the. Series (double-sided. formats. PIP and versions. have ehanged CP/M 2.2.. STAT. with. 5000. system, were. ineompatibilities exist between not under CP/M 1.4). no. CP/M. 1.4. and. CP/M. 2.2. the. new. supported. for. CP/M. 2.2. and. care. should. be. taken to. use. Series 5000 añcl Series 8000 both use 256-byte sectors. To support reading and and debloeked writing of l28-byte kgieal records, seetors are blocked in the BIOS. To insure thát records A 256-byte buffer is maintained in the BIOS for this purpose. written to this buffer are written to diskette, open files must be elcsed before a should always diskette may be removed. Applications programs ekse files before terrninatirg. CP/M. a BDOS modification tc handle errors. When a disk error is be by a BDOS message. followed given, message encountered, error Typing a return will ignore the error and continue, while typing eontrol-C will warm an attempt is mad€ to aeeess a drive boot the system and leave drive A seleeted. whieh is not on the system, or durirg the first aeeess to a drive the BIOS cannot read the diskette, a BDOS select error is given. Typing any key will perform a warm boot and leave drive A seleeted. Onee the BIOS has accessed a drive and the is format determined, attempting diskette to access the drive with the diskette removed will produce a "DRIVE x NOT READY" message on the eonsole (where x is the diskette the drive number e to 3 corresponding to the CP/M devices A to D). The. IMS. contains. will. a BIOS. if. If. is re-inserted, the BIOS will sense drive ready and continue without Typing any key will perform a warm boot and leave drive A selected.. If. user. interaction.. in the BIOS. error detection for the 64k dynamic memory board is included parity error is detected, all cf memory is re-initialized, the parity error is reset, eurrent console activity is interrupted, and the message "PARITY ERROR, IGNORE?" is printed on the console. If "Y" is typed, the interrupted program will is key typed, warm boot is performed. continue. Note that if the a any other If be suffieient to restore the BIOS, within may not a warm oeeurred the boot error A cold boot, however, system. will reload the entire operating system. Parity When. a. CP/M 2.2 Implementation Page 2. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1.

(6) 1.2. Hard disk systems. hard disk sub-system may be added to a Series 5000 system or a Series 8000 system. designed hard disk based operating system is included which is to reside on the Hard disk drives are referred to by their removable eartridge of the hard disk. unformatted storage eapaeities (32, 64, and 96 megabytes). All contain one removable 16 48, 16, eartridge of megabytes, plus fixed storage of or 80 megabytes. The O and is Volume Volume 1. referred to as eartridge the fixed storage as A A. hard disk systems, multiple lcgieal and B are on the cartridge while the. In. devices. to name the drive. fixed storage eontains deviees C through are. used. Devices. A. L.. The BIOS for a hard disk system is upward eompatible with diskette systems. above and a maximum Diskette formats deseribed of four diskette drives are supported by the BIOS. The four diskette device names direetly follcw the hard disk deviee After initial system loading and execution, driver initialization is perf ormed names. tc determine the size of the hard disk and name the hard disk and chskette devices. A list of device names is printed on the console after the sign-on message. The hard disk system uses a 512-byte seetcr format which is blocked and deblccked similar to double-density diskettes. The buffer for the hard disk is loeated on the controller. Access to this buffer is via a DMA ehannel on the diskette controller board. The same rules apply as for double-density diskette systems to insure that buffers are written to disk. Caution should be used when enanging hard disk a new eartridge is inserted. cartridges. To be safe, cold boct the system whenever The. CP/IVí. kgieal device. hard disk size. disk. device eapaeities vary. A. C,E,G,I,K B,D,F,H,J,L and BIOS. error. messages. as shown. total. storage. are. follows: diskette. kb kb kb. as deseribed. by. drives. thru I thru M thru. C and D C thru H C thru L. irt size. 6560 6576 6592. as. fixed. A and B A and B A and B. hard disk device. BDOS. vary with drive size. cartridge. 32 megabyte 64 megabyte 96 megabyte Hard. names. E. this. E L P. table:. directory entries. min. block size 8. 512 512 512. for diskette. CP/M 2.2 Implementation. 8 8. kb kb kb. systems.. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 3.

(7) CP/M START-UP PROCEDURE. 2.0 2.1 The. Diskette. CP/M system start-up. initial start-up of. a CP/M. diskette. of the following:. consists. system. 1.. Conneet any 9600 baud the ehannel 1 serial port.. 2.. Apply power to the. 3.. The Insert a double-density CP/NI 2.2 diskette in arive A (the left-mast cirive). diskette should be inserted with the label faeing right and entering the diskette drive last.. 4.. Close the door of the drive. Loadirg of the system should oegin immediately with the drive activity light on and the sound of the head loading onto the diskette.. '. For CP/M Appendix. CRT. system. terminal the. and. If the sign-on. message. does. not. 1.. Verify that the terminal. 2.. Verify that the terminal cable. 3.. Verify that the. 4.. Verify signals. 5.. eonsole. eable. is. no. special. hand-shaking. to. not prompt before. does. system. load. (See. with:. (or appear. requires. CRT.. 2.2 the standard IPL ROM C). The system should sign on IMS International 64K CP/M ver 2.2n Series 5000. whieh. 8000). Series. perform the following. eonneeticns eonneetors. eheeks:. eorrect.. are. seeurely attached.. are. properly configured.. that the I/O board to 1. are going to Channel. DB-25. Verify that the vector interrupts (see Appendix A).. on. eonneetor cable. is. in place. the diskette eontroller. are. that. UARTO. properly. shunted. and. above. Retry the IPL procedure deseribed If no cK: ivé aetivity oeeurs, a double-sided in single-sided be mounted drive. If there is drive activity but the diskette may a head unloads seeond, then may exist: one of the following probíems within one 1.. The. diskette in drive. A is a. 2.. The. diskette in. A does. 3.. A. diskette. read. cirive. error. oeeurred. single-density diskette. not. contain. CP/M. while loading. on the. the CP/M. CP/M 2.2 Implementation. system. traeks.. system.. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 5.

(8) Series 8000 diskette based CP/NI systems are supplied on a double-density, single-sided diskette which will lcad and run on single-sided or double-sided drives. The standard system diskette is configured to leave the default IPL ROM drive step rate of 6 ms unchanged. In systems with double-sided drives, the step rare should be emng«1 to lessen drive noise during stepping. Read about CPMPAT in the utility programs seetion and pateh NIOVCPM to reset the drive step rate. Hard disk CP/M system start-up. 2.2. Sinee all software for the hard disk is supplied on a 3" or 8" double-density diskette, is necessary to perform drive initialization procedures to build a hard disk system and write the system to a cartridge. The hard disk sutr-system diskette contains the and bringing programs and files required. Ekgin first by reading this entire doeument CP/M system. based up a diskette This system is used to initialize hard dkks and provide back-up in ease of hard disk failure. After this is done, verify that the hard disk eontroller is in the system and connect the eábles to the drive. Apply power to A the drive, insert a cartridge, and presq the start button on the drive front panel. list of steps for initialization of the hard disk follows:. it. 1.. Use. drive. 2.. the hard disk formatting progran FORMATHD to format all Eaeh device will take about 10 minutes to format.. (described Use the hard disk CP/Nl reloeator MOVCPMHD largest system that will fit in your memory eonfiguration. DO NOT run any program in memory. except IMSGENFJD. (described. below) to write the. deviees. on. the. below) to build the the new system. Leave. from. 3.. Use disk. 4.. The first There are two ways to perform an IPL of a hard disk operating system. HDBOOT is to run the HDBOOT from a diskette based CP/NI system. prcgrarrí will load and execute the CP/IVi system on the hard disk earrridge. The seeond requires the latest revision of the IPL ROM (see Appendix C). This ROM will Simply press reset on the computer boot the system directly from the cartridge. using When perform a the IPL RON!, make sure that ort power sequence. or diskette drive O is open or the IPL ROM will attempt to load from the diskette.. 5.. Depending on the size of the hard disk, diskette device names will begin at E, I, or NI. All deviee names are listed on the eonsole when the hard disk system Onee signs cm. the device names are known, use PIP to transfer files from diskette to the hard disk devices.. IMSGENHD cartridge.. system. memory. to the. hard. The hard disk based CP/M system initialization has now been completed. To initialize format only hard disk devices A and B according a new eartridge, to Step 1. To system write a to the cartridge, perform Steps 2 through 5 . standard has a diskette distribution version of MOVCPMHD Use and reset the diskette ms. CPMPAT to patch MOVCPMHI) correct value for your drives (see CPMPAT below).. The. CP/M Page. 2.2 6. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1. drive step rate of 6 drive step rare to the.

(9) 3.0. SYSTEM. UTILITY. PROGRAMS. Digital Research transient programs in the manual "An Introduetion to are described CP/N Features and Faeilities". This seeticn explains the use of IMS utility prcgrams N!OSt gf these programs provided with the system. are unique to INiS hardware, and will not run on other implementations of CP/M. Souree files for some of these programs are provided on the system diskette. They may be assembled with the Digital Eeseareh. 3.1 These. 3.1.0. MAC. maero. assembler.. General purpose programs. BAUD. designed. are. -. utility programs for. Set printer. use. with both diskette. and hard. disk. CP/NI. systems.. baud rate. The BAUD program will temporarily set the printer port to the baud rate specified iri the command line. BAUD will only accept the rates 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 4800, &nd 96CO unless the rate is preeeeded by an "@" eharaeter, in which ease any rare between 110 and 96CC may be entered. Rates other than the speeified values may not be precise Cue to rounding by the divider eireuit whieh generates eloek pulses for the UARTS. The new baud rate on the printer port will be in effect until BAUD is run again or the IPL ROM (cold boot) is executed. Warm boots will not affect the printer tutud rate. 3.1.1. MEMTEST. - Memory test utility. This utililty will perform a one pass test on system memory from approximately Once No parameters are required. of the BIOS. address 300 hex te the begirming loaded, MEMTE£T will begin testing. After one complete test of memory, a reboot of the system is performed. Errors are displayed with the memory address first, followed by the bytes written and read at that loeation. If multiple memory errors is ehecked eonsole be used for a display. may control-S the TM to stop occur, ccntrol-C break eharaeter. 3.1.2. TRANS14. -. Translate. CP/M 1.4 double-density. is a self-relocating program that will allow a diskette with 1.4 directory be used The drive name is speeified when the prcgram is on one drive. to TRANS14 entering a valid drive name (A:, B: , C: ) after the prcgram name: is named, be specified. If the eurrent cirive the The eurrent drive may not Onee a drive is set for 1.4 message "Drive name error" is printed on the console. eornpatibility, double-density 1.4 diskettes may be aeeessed with any of the system utilities or application programs. TRANS14 strueture called by B: <er>.. CP/M. 2.2. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 7.

(10) TRANS14 loc ates itself below the CCP and changes the to prevent other programs from overwriting TRANS14. boots and print out the message: (Trans14. (Drive. n. active) set for. CP/M. 1.4. BDOS entry address TRANS14 will. to itself, trap warm. eompatibility). The warm boot is where n stands for the drive speeified when TRANS14 was ealled. then allowed to preeeed, so diskettes may be ehanged without running TRANS1A again. If TRANS14 is run while the module is aetive in memory, it will elear itself from memory. All drives will then be assumed to have 2.2 direetory structure. After clearing, the message: Trans14. eleared,. restored. system. will is not. be printed on the eonsole. prcvided for reference only, inelud. 3.1.3. is the source TRANS14.ASM sinee needed the programs. file for this prcgram. to generate TRANS14. It are. ed.. CPMPAT. - Patch utility for. MOVCPM. CPMPAT will make limited modificatiors to the BIOS without a second level system generation. CPMPAT allows the user to examine and alter the drive step rate, eonsole and list deviee baud rates, and enable or disable handshaking with the list deviee. CPMPAT informs the user of the ehange it is ready to perform, displays the opticns allowed and the eurrent value, and ásk< for a new value. Typing only a <cr> (carriage return) to any input request will retain the current value. The last prompt asks if all changes are ecrreet; typing a "Y" will update MOVCPM with the new changes.. CPMPAT will only pateh versions of MOVCPll/l whieh contain the current BIOS. It will is not current. BIOS message this print a and TABLE ERROR the if verify To eall CPMPAT Information from about the table is in the souree of the BIOS. CP/M, use the format: A>CPMPAT filename.typ where "filename.typ" suggested that a in ease of error.. je. CPMPAT. may. also. <er>. the name of the be eopy of MOVCPM is. be used. on. MOVCPM patehed. the reloeator for. hard. which will be patched. It te allow recovery from the original prcgram. disk. systems,. ote that CPMPAT only changes the BIOS contained in the A the system on traeks O and 1 or the system in memory. CPMPAT.ASM N!OVCPN! with to integrate these changes.. N. program.. CP/M 2.2 Implementation Page 8. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULOI. ealled. N!OVCPN!HD.. MOVCPM and not program, system must be generated is the source file fcr this.

(11) 3.2. Diskette. system. utility programs. These programs all contain drivers for IMS diskette controllers. They are used for and formatting, copying, media validation. The source files for these programs When set TRUE, contain the conditional assembly switeh MINI. the file will assemble & Series 5000 version (5" eontroller). Series MINI FALSE, 8000 version will With a set be generated (8" controller). Although the current release of the BIOS for diskette systems uses interrupts t"or diskette routines, all these utilities disable processor interrupts and use polling. Af ter returning to CP/Nl via a warm boot, processor interrupts are re-enabled by the first diskette command. 3.2.0. FORMAT. - Diskette Formatting. Utility. This program is used to initialize diskettes to be used with the IMS CP/N! 2.2 system. It should be used on new diskettes to insure their eompatibility with the system. It produce m ay be used to reformat diskettes whieh destroys all data errors. FORMAT on the diskette, so proper eare should be taken to recover daIa before reformatting. There are two versions of the FORMAT program, one for Series for Series 8(100 formats. The following tables deseribe supported. formats formats:. 5000. and one. 5" DISKETTE FORMATS. Doubledensity. Single-sided. Double-sided. 40 Traeks 16 Seetors/Traek 256 Bytes/Seetor. 40 Traeks/side 16 Seetors/Track 256 Bytes/Seetor. 8" DISKETTE FORMATS Double-sided. Single-sided Singledensity. 77 Tracks 26 Seetors/Track 128 Bytes/Seetor. Doubledensity. 77 Tracks 26 Seetors/Track 256 Bytes/Seetor. 77 Traeks/Side 26 Seetors/Traek 256 Bytes/Seetor. FORMAT first prompts for a drive name (A through D). The diskette should be inserted into the drive in whieh it is to be formatted. The Series 8UOO version will issue a density prompt if a single-sided diskette was inserted. The Series 5000 drives. Both versions version will issue a side prompt if the system has double-sided formatting. During the format process, eaeh provide an abort prompt, then begin for a eontrol-C track is read verified after it is formatted. The keyboard is eheeked eharaeter. CP/M. 2.2. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 9.

(12) The followirg. example. shows. an. exeeution of. FORMAT. on. drive. B. of. a Series. 8000. system:. A>FORMAT <er> INIS International 8" Disk Format Utility. Versicn. 2.2. (A-D) to formd or return to reboot B <er> density (S/D)? D <cr> or Format will destroy all data on disk B Press EETURN to eontinue or CONTROL-C to abort <cr> Type. disk. Single. Double. FORMAT After formatting is completed, will again ask for a drive name. Type return FORMAT to reboot CP/N. will abort after an error and return to the drive name is the Drive A is always selected after program termination. FORMAT.ASM prompt. file for this prcgram. source. 3.2.1. COPY. -. Diskette. Copy. Utility. COPY is used to make a track for track direct copy from one diskette to another. The diskettes must have the same format or COPY will output a format error and COPY COPY accepts terminate. ALL, DATA, or SYSTEM. three commands: ALL copies the entire disk (tracks O-39 for the Series 5000 and traeks O-76 for the Series 8000). COPY DATA eopies the direetory and data areas (tracks 2-39 for ttie Series 5000 and tracks 2-76 for the Series 8000). COPY SYSTEM will transfer the first two Sourc e and tracks of the diskette which contain the CP/M 2.2 operating system. destination drives (A thru D) may be specified after the copy command in the format "destimtion=soure e". CCPY will default to "B=A", that is, souree on arive A and destination on drive B. COPY prcvides read verifieation unless the eommand line is followed by a "/" eharaeter to disable this mode. is. COPY. called. from. COPY. eommand. the. eommand. level of. CP/NÍ. by. entering:. [destination=soure e] [/]. ([]=optional) COPY vvill print the source and destination drive names, follcwed by an abort prompt Diskettes should be placed into the which accepts a eontrol-C to return to CP/M. and at destination drives Anv this time. Type EETURN to start the COPY. source be placed pair of like format diskettes may into the drives even if a different format was previously copied. Errors whieh occur during eopying are printed on the eonsole with the message "ignore?". If a "Y" is typed, COPY will continue. If any other key is typed, CCPY will terminate and return to CP/M. The keyboard is eheeked for a eontrol-C eharaeter. After the eopy is complete, a prompt is issued with the options of is the source file for this repeating the copy or returning to CP/M. CCPY.ASM program.. CP/M Page. 2.2 10. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1.

(13) 3.2.2. DSKTEST. - Drive/Media. Verif ieation. Utility. to verify the readability of each sector on a diskette. It does not write on the diskette. DSKTEST is self promptiríg and requires no parameters. is long seek mode in whieh an optional There a seek to the last traek is performed read, and seek before traeks O-middle are a to track O is performed before tracks read. is is eneoímtered, middle-last are a disk error message If an unreadable sector double-sided), number number, head and printed first, followed by the track (if sector number of the error. The eonsole is ehecked f or a control-C eharaeter during testing. is the source DSKTEST.ASM file for this program. is used. DSKTEST. 3.2.3. IMSGEN. -. Diskette. system generation. utility. is funetionally iCíentieal IMSGEN SYSGEN program, with the to the Digital Researeh added systems of aceessing double-density diskettes. With this prcgram, e apability m ay be brought into memory from double-density, sirgle- or double-sided diskettes, and then written to any format diskette. Single-density diskettes are a special ease in that only a partial system ean be written on the operating system tracks. This in drive A after IPL from may be done to allow a single-density diskette to be placed boots a double-density diskette, but only warm after this. IPL must b e are allowed is the scuree done from a double-density diskette. IMSGEN.ASM file for this program.. 3.3. Hard disk system. utility programs. utility programs all eontííin driver software fcr the hard to format the drive, boot CP/M, test the hard disk are operating system. These. used. disk eontrcller. They and eopy the system,. Although the eurrent release of the BIOS uses interrupts t"or hard utility programs disable interrupts and use pollirg. After the interrupts are re-enabled by the first disk command. proeessor 3.3.0. FORMATHD. disk. routines, these terminates,. prcgram. - Hard disk format utility. FORMATED is the format program for the hard disk. The IMS hard disk controller is is header at maintained hard-sectored. the b€ginnirg of eaeh 512-byte An B-byte tc: 520. number This program must tje run of bytes per sector seetor, making the tal is When eaeh brought up for the first the drive to initialize sector on the drive. A and When using new cartridges, only devices tim e, all devices must be formatted. B need be formatted. CP/lVí. supports a logical storage device with a maximum size of 8 megabytes. of Sinee the eartridge and each surfaee of the fixed media have roughly 13 megabytes CP/M The devices be must defined on the drive. f orm atted storage capacity, multiple cartridge, with a single surf aee, contains the CP/M operating system on track O. Each fixed media CP/M logical devices A and B are on the cartridge. surface CP/N! C devices, and D and, depending upon eontains a pair of lcgieal beginning with at size of drive, the extending This will permit least the through device L. tour CP/M diskette devices. 2.2. CP/M. 2.2. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page. II.

(14) The. lcgieal to physical. mapping. of. CP/M device. media. A B C D (32 megabyte E F G H (64 megabyte I J K L (96 megabyte. cart cart fixed fixed drive. CP/IVí deviees. O. * *. (I. 1. O. I. 1. 2. 1. 2. O. here). ends. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3 3. 4 4. 4 4. 5. tracks O. thru 410 thru 822 O thru 410 411 thru 822 411. C. thru 410 thru 822 O thru 410 411 thru 822 411. here). ends. fixed fixed fixed fixed drive. surface. head. fixed fixed fixed fixed drive. follows:. O. thru 410 thru 822 O thru 41U 411 thru 822 411. 5. ends here). *Surfaee identifiers. media. with the fixed. are used. only.. FORMATHD first determines the size of the drive, prir2ting on the eonsole the lcgieal device names and their lceations. The user is then asked if instructions are desired. Next, FCRMATHI) will ask which device to format. Note that in the event that a portion of the drive becomes unusable, only one lcgieal device need be reformatted. is device name the entered, the corresponding physieal parameters are listed. After is An abort prompt then given. Type "Y" to continue, or "N" to abort. Form atting Bad traeks found by the prcgrarn are listed on will take about 10 minutes per deviee. be asked to been has will After formatted, the user the eonsole. the logical deviee known bad FORMATHD. input tracks that were not detected by Enter the list of bad by will refer to the bad traek by tracks provided the drive manufacturer. This list track and surface number. Note that the bad track input prompt is given when formatting eartridges, although they should not contain bad traeks. If bad traeks are found by the program or entered by the user, FORMATHD will create dummy directory entries to pre-allocate those tracks. In normal CP/M operation the system will not attempt to use those tracks. FCRNÍATFID 1.. will terminate. on these. Drive I/O errors (except READ) defined as I/O errors.. are 2.. errors:. Bad. track 3.. Bad. 4.. More. CP/M Page. direetory can not. system. 2.2 12. than. track be bad.. traek 128 bad. -. This. -. Due. error. traeks. Implementation. -. A. - Errors. to the. method. occurs. only. drive with. in. writing,. of on. handling. seeking,. bad. or. seleeting. heads. tracks, the directory. the cartridge.. 128 bad. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1. traeks. should. no. longer. be used..

(15) During device formatting, FORMATHD monitors the console for a eontrol-C eharaeter. typed, the prcgram will ask the user to verify that the prcgram should be aborted. is In this way, users may verify that FCRNIATHD Type a "Y" to eontinue formatting. running.. If. Due to the destructive nature of formatting, FORMATHD is the souree file for this program.. should. be used. with eaution.. FCRMATHD.ASIV!. 3.3.1. DSKTSTHD. - Hard disk test utility sereen-oriented test utility for the. DSKTSTHD is help menu can DSKTSTHD.. a be viewed by Use FORMATHD. typing "HELP". to format the. hard disk eontroller and drive. Do not use the formatting eommand hard disk.. A. of. is in one area of the program. terminal dependent portion of DSKTSTHIJ It may To charge the area seuree file HDTDA.ASN!. be altered using the terminal dependent HDTDA.ASM terminal dependent routiríes, edit and re-assemble for your terminal. as follows: Integrate the new HDTDA.HEX file into DSKTSTKD. The. A>DDT DSKTSTHD.COM <er> VERS NEXT PC 3800 0101) DDT. -IHDTDA.HEX -R <er> NEXT PC 3800 -GO. ;. initiate. DDT. 2.2. <er>. ;. initialize FCB overlay new drivers. ;. exit. DDT. ;. save. modified. ;. OCOO. <cr>. A>SAVE. 55. DSKTSTHD.COM <cr>. DSKTSTHD.ASM is the souree ealled durirg assembly.. file for this prcgram.. CP/M. 2.2. Implementation. program. HDT.LIB. is a maero. library. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 13.

(16) 3.3.2. HDBOOT. -. Hard disk CP/M boot loader. HDBOOT is a seeondary IPL for the hard disk system. It was written to be used in Assuming has been formatted and a CP/NI system written two ways. that a cartridge be to the first track, HI)BOCT may run direetjy from the diskette based CP/M system as a transient program. It will load and exeeute the CP/M system from the This is useful for running the system the first time. HDBOOT may also e artridge. be written in this to the first two traeks of a diskette. When a diskette prepared HDBOCT is read and executed instead HDBOOT m anner is booted, of a CP/N! system. (Since will then load and execute the CP/N! system from the cartridge. the current IPL ROM eontains a hard disk loader, using HDBOOT on a diskette would be redundant.) write the HDBOCT while running a diskette To. program to the first two traeks of a double-density based CP/M system, perform the following steps:. A>DDT HDBOOT.COM <er> DDT. VERS NEXT PC 2000 0100 -GO <er> A>IMSGEN. ; use. DDT. ; now. read. read. RDBOQT. 2.2. <cr>. INS Internaticnál 8" Sysgen. Version. souree. IMSGEN. 2.1. drive name (or returíí to skip) Type destinaticn drive name (or return to Destination on B, type return to continue Double-density function eomplete Type destinaticn drive name (or return to Type. to. diskette. <cr> reboot) <cr>. <cr>. reboot) <er>. Place this diskette in drive A and press reset to is the source HDBOOT.ASM file for this program.. CP/M 2.2 Implementation Page 14. B. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULOI. load. CP/Ni. from the. hard. disk..

(17) 3.3.3. IMSGENHD. IMSGENHD. to read requirec To. build. -. utility. Hard disk system generation. to write an operating system to the hard operating system from the hard disk and place parameters wherí ealled from CP/M. is used. an no. a 64K. system. A>MOVCPMHD. 64. with. MOVCPMHD. * <er>. and. write. it to. disk.. a eartriccge. build. ;. run immediately after. a 64K. ean memory.. it in. ;. system. also be used INISGENHD. It. with. and. IMSGENHD:. leave in. memory. 64K CP/M CCNSTEUCTR"G ver 2.2 FOR A HARD DISK SY"TEM OR READY FOR "INISGENHD" "SAVE 51 CPMHI)64.COM". A>IMSGENHD <cr> IMS Hard Load. International Version. Disk System Generation Program system from Hard Disk (Y/N)? N <cr> Write system to Hard Disk (Y/N)? Y <cr> Function eornplete Write system to Hard Disk (Y/N)? N <cr>. To. NIOVCPMHI). read. the. system. from. the. hard. disk. and. write. 2.0. it to. a. file. named. TEST.SYS:. A>IMSGENHD <er> ÍMS Hard Load. International Disk System Generation Prcgram system. from Hard Disk (Y/N)?. Function complete Write system to Hard A>SAVE. 51. IMSGENKD.ASM. Disk. (Y/N)?. N. Version. 2.0. Y <cr> <er>. TEST.SYS <cr> is the. source. file for this. CP/M. 2.2. program.. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 15.

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(19) 4.0. THE BIOS. This seetion deals with the IMS International implementation of the CP/M 2.2 Basic BIOS.ASN is the souree file distributed with Series 5000 Input/Output System (BIOS). and Series 8000 systems. is assumed that the reader has a bask understanding of It the BIOS, as outlined by the Digital Researeh "CP/Ni 2.2 Alteration Güide". The NEC uP D765 doeument will aid in understanding the diskette routines. Doeum entatiorí f or the IMS I/O board will aid in understanding console and list deviee routines. If your system ineludes a hard disk, the doeumentation for the hard disk controller will be useful. This doeument describes the BIOS delivery dealers may have altered should be requested from your dealer.. as supplied the BIOS.. by IMS. Previous to the Inform ation about possible. user's charges. end. One. Conditional assembly switches are used to source file is used for the BIOS. customize the system. These switehes are described in more detail in the section titled "Seeond Level System Generation". The BIOS contains a limited eonfiguration table at the end of the jump table. This table is used by an initialization routine to dynamically set eonsole and list device baud rates, patch the list driver for allows handshaking, and change the diskette drive step rate. CPMPAT the user to (see CPNIPAT). image is MOVCPM modify the of this table which eontained in by the BIOS. The IMS dynamie memory board with parity is supported For proper O board should address with the I/O enable reset of parity errors the be set for I/O When parity errors occur, memory shunt "on" (see Appendix A f or shunt inform ation). is and is re-initialized the parity error eleared. The message "PARITY ERROR, IGNORE?" is printed on the console. If a "Y" is typed, the interrupted prcgram is is eontinued. typed, the BIOS performs a warm boot. Note If any other response in ceeurred that if the parity error the BIOS portion of the system, a warm boot may from be sufficient to reeover not the error. A cold boot should be performed.. 4.1. Console and. list deviee routines. The Model 440 I/O board (I/OBD) has two serial ports and a 24-bit parallel device with addresses whieh follow the serial ports. The standard system does not use the parallel device. The board ean be assigned base addresses in 16 address Both serial ports ineremeríts. For the standard system, 10 hex is the base address. baud rates. have sof tware programmed They are initially set for 9600 and 300 baud by the IPL ROM, whieh assumes that the 19.2 kilobaud oscillator is not present. The BIOS resets the UARTS during initialization, setting the baud rates specified in the (See CPMPAT for more information.) eonfiguraticn table diseussed above. (8255). 4.2. CP/M BIOS. for diskette. IMS diskette eontrollers have a base address of 80 hex etched intc the boards. This since however, this is not recommended base ean be moved in 16 address inerements, Diskette incompatibility will occur with diskette utilities and the IPL ROM. interrupts shculd be shunted to vector 5 for proper operation (see Appendix A).. CP/M. 2.2. linplementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 17.

(20) 4.2.0. Series. 5000. The Series 5000 BIOS supports single-sided and double-sided formats. Both formats 16 with 256-byte sectors, sectors per track, and 40 tracks per are double-density, Reading from done Eaeh read and side. writing are a 256"byte buffer in the BIOS. BDOS results in the transfer of a 128-byte lcgieal record or write request from between the buffer and the eurrent DMA address. Double-sided diskettes are Each traek orí side two of the diskette is a extensiorí buffered in the same way. of the same traek on side one. Rather than using a sector interlace tatúe, the SECTRAN subroutine in the BIOS ealeulates the interlace for each disk aecess. The. 5" disk. parameter blocks. in. used. CP/Ni. look like this: double-density double-sided. doubledensity SPT BSH BLM EXM DSM DRM ALO. 4.2.1. Series. 32. 64 4 O1111B. 3. O1Í1B O. 1. 151 63 OCOFI. 151 63 OBOE. ALI. O. O. CKS OFF. 16. 16. 2. 2. 8000. Sirgle-density diskettes are used to transf er files between is in single-density mode, diskette reading and writing The standard Digital Researeh the current DMA address. When the BIOS je in double-density mode, reading and deseribed above for 5" diskettes. BIOS. The. 8" disk. parameter. bloeks. SPT BSH BLM EXM. CP/M. look like this:. singledensity. doubledensity. 26. 52 4 011118. 3. OI11B O. I. double-density double-sided 1U4 5. 01111113 3. 242 255. 242 127 OCOR. ALI. O. O. G. CKS OFF. 16. 32. 64. 2. 2. 2. DEM ALO. 2.2 18. for. are buffered. writing. 242 63 OCOE. DSlV!. CP/M Page. used. CP/M When the systems. is done imm ediately using sector interlaee is used.. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1. ocoIí. as.

(21) 4.3. CP/M BIOS. for hard disk. The IMS hard disk eontroller has a base address of 90 hex etched into the board. however, This base e an Ij€ moved in 8 address increments, this is not reeommended Hard disk since ineompatibility will occur with hard disk utilities and the IPL ROM. controller interrupts should be shunted to vector 5 for proper operation (see Appendix A).. The Series 5000 and size. The hard disk the next four logical diskette deviee.. 8000 hard disk BIOS are functionally identical except for diskette devices Diskettes are are always the first CP/M lcgieal devices. devices. Warm boots are always from the eartridge or the first. The The hard disk uses 512-byte sectors with an additional 8 bytes for a header. CRC number, and code, number, optional an cylinder sector header contains a select word. Since the controller performs a hardwar€ CRC, the optional software CRC is Reading and not used. The hard disk sector buffer is located on the eontroller. 2 is channel the done writing via DNA diskette eontrcller. on The. hwd. disk. devices. SPT BSH BLM EXM DSNI DRM ALO. have. disk. parameter. bloeks. as. follows: B,D,F,H,J,L. A. C,E,G,I,K. 128. 128. 128. 6. 6. 6. O111111B 3. 819 511 ocoEí. O111111B. O11I1I1B. 3. 3. 821 511 OCOH. 823 511 OCOH. ALI. O. O. O. CKS OFF. O. Q. O. 1. O. 411. Note that the directory cheek veetor size (CKS) is zero for all hard disk deviees, including the removable eartridge. This means that the directory integrity of the cartridge deviees is dependent upon the user performing a system boot when eartridges are ehanged.. CP/M 2.2 Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 19.

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(23) 5.0. SYSTEM. GENERATION. USING. MOVCPM. System. generations with MOVCPM and CPMPAT can change the memory size of the operating system, re-define the baud rate of the console or list device, switéh to the 19.2kb oseillator, ehange the diskette step rate, and do limited configuring of the list driver. These ehanges ean be easily implemented with CPMPAT, whieh will aeeess and charge the driver configuration table in the BIOS (see CPMPAT). The IMS identical. version of MGVCPM (or MOVCPMED by Digital to MOVCPM as deseribed and Fae ilities". The minimum memory. Features 5.1. Diskette. Before ALL to. proceeding do this.. for hard Research size for. systems). disk. funetionálly in "An Introdueticm to CP/M &. CP/M. is. 2.2 system. is 22K.. system generation further, make a copy of the diskette provided by IMS. the original diskette in an arehive file for backup.. Use. COPY. Plaee. Use CPMPAT to examine Cold boot from this new diskette. and/or mcdify the Then type the command: eonfiguration table in the BIOS (see CPMPAT). A>MOVCPM. *. * <cr>. This will generate the largest CP/M prompt returns, type in the command: A>IMSGEN. system. that will. fit. in memory.. After. the. CCP. <cr>. IN!SGEN will ask for a source drive name or "Peturn to skip". Type a return since the IMSGEN will then request a destination drive name. system is already in memory. Now reset the computer to start the Type in "A" to write the system to diskette. Use INISGEF' IPL. The system will sign on with the new version of CP/M. to eopy system desired. from this diskette to others, as the 5.2. Hard disk system generation. The procedure for generating hard except for the system generation MCVCPMHD Use. and IMSGENHJJ.. CPN!PAT above as described CP/M image in memory. create a. disk. systems. utility.. to customize Finally, run. same as that for diskettes, The corresponding programs are is. the. MGVCPNÍED. IMSGENHD.. Next, run. MOVCPMHD. to. will ask whether to load the system from the eartridge. Type "N" to skip Next, the program will ask whether to this proeess, since the system is in memory. image disk hard cartridge. Type a "Y". When it is finished, write the memory to the prirtt "Function complete" and ask whether to write a system c: n IMSGENHD will Reset the eartridge. an Type "N" another to return to the operating system. CP/NI system. load and the eornputer new execute to IMSGENEÍD. CP/M 2.2 Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 21.

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(25) 6.0. SECOND. LEVEL. SYSTEM. GENERATION. This seetiori is a guide for gerteratirg a custom BIOS for use on IMS systems. An understanding of the BIOS is assumed (see the Digital Researeh "CP/M 2.2 Alteration Guide"). A second level system generation is necessary to alter the BIOS routines in A back-up diskette should used any way. be to test the new system before it is written to other diskettes. Before altering the BIOS, review the appropriate seetions of this document. Note that a second level system generation makes MCVCPM is no Qiñéé it will not eontain the modified BIOS routines. unusable, Also, CPMPAT longer useful, since it cperates on MOVCPM. Second. level system generation is generally the Differenees will be pointed out where they oeeur. The. following files BIQS.ASM ED.COM ASM.COM DI)T.CCM. are. for. needed. a second. same. ;. f or diskette. system. disk. system. ; CP/M ; system. #1:. STEP. MSIZE. editor. ED. file. (or. The (range. ASSEMBLY. another. reloeator generation. utility. reloeator generation. utility. generations are:. MOVCPMHD.CCM INISGENHD.COM. Using the CP/M described below.. scurce. text editor. ; CP/NI ; system hard. INIS systems.. generations include:. N!OVCP1\/LCCM IMSGEN.CONI. files for. of. ; CP/M assembler ; debugger. or MAC.CON! or SID.COM needed. versions. level generation: ; BIGS. Additional files. Corresponding. for all. OF. THE. BIOS. text editor), edit the. m aximum memory 64). 22 to =. size which will. BIOS. be. assembly. used. MINI. Set TRUE to generate eode for 5" diskette FALSE to generate code for 8" diskette drives.. HDSK. Set TRUE. to generate. code. for. a hard. CP/M 2.2 Implementation. disk. switchés. by the. system. drives;. set. drive.. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 23.

(26) AUTO. STEP. $RATE. LIST$DEVICE. Set TRUE to eause the automatic exeeution of a file named INIT.SUB and INIT.SUB after power-up or system reset. SUBNIT.COM INJT.SUB must be present on deviee should A. (See the eontain the eommand or eommands to be exeeuted. Digital Research manual "An Introdueticn to CP/M Features and Facilities" for more inf ormation about SUBMIT files.). Set to the number of milliseeonds required to step the O (range diskette drive track-to-track to 16). Note that = the 5" controller eloek rate is one-half the 8" controller rate. Step rates for 5" drives will therefore be twice the value set by STEP$RATE. If STEP$RATE is set to zero, the rate remains as set by the IPL ROM.. STEP$RATE Value. 8" Drive rate (IllS). 5" Drive rate (ms). 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 4. 3. 3. 6. 4. 4. 8. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 8. 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32. 9. 9. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16. Diskette drive recommendation 5" MPI 5" Tandon,. (IPL. RON!. 8" Qume. default). 8" Shugart. to the desired list deviee driver from the table below. For drivers using clear to send (CTS), deviee buffer status must be conneeted to pin 4 of the printer port DB-25 eonneetor. Set. LIST$DEVICE TTY. Printer Serial devices. TIBIO. CP/M 2.2 Implementation Page 24. driver. description. driver for Teletype. requiring. Serial driver for TI81C which transmit clear to indieate buff er empty. Guide Rev 1.2 8IJULO1. 33. and. other. no riandshaking. and send. other devices (CTS) true to.

(27) NECSER. Serial driver for NEC Spinwriter deviees whieh transmit dear to false to indicate buffer empty.. Serial driver for Diablo and other devices which use ETX/ACK protoeol to indicate buff er empty.. TTY40. Serial driver for Teletype. NECPAR. Parallel driver for. CENTEPAR. Pardlel driver for Centronics printer.. each. baud. rate from the table. BAUD$RATE Value. Baud Rate. O. 2 3. 4 5 6 7 8. Set TRUE I/O board,. standard. INLS. if the. 19.2 FALSE.. else. distribution version of the. MSIZE MINI HDSK. AUTO STEP$RATE LIST$DEVICE CONSOLE$BAUD$EATE LISF$BAUD$RATE OSC$192K. EQU EQU EQU SET EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU. has. 64. TRUE/FALSE TR UE/FALSE FALSE NECPAR 1 6. FALSE. or MAC. Research and PAGE. direetives.. stop. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;. =. O. to. 8).. oseillator. bits provided is. the switches set. installed as. 2.2. the. follows:. TRUE. if. hard. disk. auto-load diskette drive step rate list device selection 9600 baud 300 baud. console. list deviee oscillator not installed. assemble the BIOS using the assembler. ASN! (Note that will produee errors on the These errors may be ignored.). CP/M. on. memory size diskette size. After the assembly switches have been set, ASM. 19.2kb. oscillator. kilObaud. 40.. ents. requires. BIOS. O. (range. below. two. Model. Spinwriter.. NEC. Comm. 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 600 300 150 110. I. The. other. (CT'S). DIABLO. CONSOLE$BAUD$RATE Set LIST$BAUD$RATE. OSC$192K. and send. Implementation. Digital TITLE. Guide Rev 1.2 8IJULO1 Page 25.

(28) #2:. STEP Use. the. (or MOVCPMHD) disk:. MCVCPM system on. A>MOVCPM. RELOCATING to build. * <cr>. xx. or. A>MOVCPMHD xx. @. 0. 0. .. . . . .. for diskette. ;. for hard. memory. size.. Save. systems. -. * <cr>. 0. for the target. a system. ;. SYSTEM. THE. .instructs. disk. MOVCPM. systems. to leave. system. in. memory. 0. . . . .. . memory. .. size in kilobytes. Follow the instructions given by MOVCPM (or MOVCPMHD) size. where xx is the memory in a file named CPNÍxx.CCM, #3. STEP. using. A>DDT DDT. CPMXX.COM. will load. eommarid. THE. task is tc overlay the new BIQS.HEX DDT or SID. Type the command:. The next done. OVERLAYING. <er>. CPMXX.COM. into. ; memory. xx. the. the. ancl issue. save. new. system. CP/M. memory. image. system.. This. is. size. the prompt. to DDT:. -IBIO&HEX. the. BIOS. CUSTOM. over. is. to. ""'.. Type the next. <er>. This initializes the DDT file control blcck for the new BIOS file. The next step is to The with the proper bias to plaee it over the old BIOS. read in the new BIOS.HEX size. bias values Standard read bias differs with memory are listed below, but any bias may be eomputed by subtracting the absolute address of the BIOS from 1F80 hex. This computation must either be done in hex or converted to hex for use with DDT. In a 64k. Series. The BIOS 1F80 hex In. &. 64K. Series. The BIOS 1F80 hex. 8000. system:. will. -. begin at F400 F400 hex = 2B80. 5000. bias for. DDT).. hex. hex (read. bias. for. DDT).. system:. will begin at - F600 hex =. CP/M 2.2 Implementation Page 26. hex. hex (read. F600 2980. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1.

(29) Common. read. bias. values. are:. Diskette m em. ory size. the. read. bias. series. 8000. 5000. AB80 9B80 8B80 7B8Q 6B8G 5B8U 4B8Q 3B80 2B80. A980 9980 8980 7980 6980 5980 498C 3980 298(1. is known,. enter the next. ;. At this point the new CP/M 2.2 diskette. Leave DDT by typing:. Af ter leaving DDT, the next command:. #4: ro. WRITING THE. program. except. 5000). B380 A38U 938C 8380 738C 6380 5380 4380 3380 command. xxxx in. is. the. to. read. read and. memory. SYSTEM. NEW. IMSGEN. A>IMSGEN <cr> or. is. system. and. BIOS.HEX:. bias ready. to. be. written. to. <er> STEP. -. (8000. DDT. -Rxxxx <cr>. -GO. Hard disk systems. series. 32K 36K 40K 44K 48K 52K 56K 60K 64K C)nee. systems. (or. TO DISK. IMSGENHD). ;. f or diskette. ;. fer. should. be. run.. Type. systems. -. A>IMSGENHD <er>. hará. disk. systems. Type will ask whether to load the system into memory or skip this proeess. skip is system sinee system memory. return to loading, already in the new Next, write the system from memory tc$ diskette (or hard disk). For IMSGEN, enter the destination drive name, then a earriage return. For IMSGENHD, enter a "Y" to write the system to the eartridge.. INISGEN a. Reset the computer to load and modified routines. For diskette diskettes as desired.. execute the new system. systems, write the new. CP/M. 2.2. Implementation. Test the operation of and BIOS to other. CP/NI. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 27.

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(31) CP/M. and. APPENDIX MP/M Interrupt. A Vector. Shunting. DISKETTE CONTROLLERS: Model 400 (8" controller) and Model 430 (5" controller) (JB) is Loeation the interrupt selection strip. Shunt only the others.. pins. labeled "5". and. no. pins. labeled "5". and. no. HARD DISK CONTROLLER: Model 490 Loeation (JD). is. the interrupt selection strip.. Shunt. only. the. others.. 64K DYNAMIC MEMORY: Model 460 Loeaticn (JG) is the interrupt selection strip. Shunt only the pins labeled "2" and no others. Also, for software to reset the parity error detection lcgic, the I/O enable shunt (JE) must be "on", and the board address must be set to O (all pins shunted at loeation (JC)). The following operation:. shunts are. for. mandatory. MP/M. operation, but will not affect. CP/M. I/O BOARDS: Model 440 (2-seriál, 24-bit parallel) Loeation (JJ) is the interrupt selection strip for the relative time clock. Shunt only Loeation.q (JK) and (JLs) are the interrupt the pins labeled "7" and no others. UART and seleetiorí strips for receive transmit status. Shunt only the pins labeled and others. no "6" on both strips Model 480 (4-serial) Loeaticns (JC), (JD), UARTS. Shunt only ADDITIONAL Model. If. (JE), the. and (JF). pins. the interrupt labeled "5" on all strips are. seleetioR strips and no others.. for. eaeh. of. the. 64K DYNAMIC MEMORY:. 460. zero in an to the CP/M-. memory. bank. NIP/M. is a dynamie oí this board system board, the shunting deseribed above. The for additional convention shunting identical I/CJ using banks Model 460 is board address each follows the MP/M memory the that mode shunt boards and placed with a in the "BANK" at location are additional last, (JE). Enable I/O at location (JB), but do not shunt any parity interrupt vectors at loe ation (JG). is. CP/M. 2.2. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULOI Page 29.

(32) APPENDIX B Proeessor Port Assignments ADDRESS (HEX) 00. 10. -. OF. - IF. ASSIGNMENT Memory Consult Model CP/M. 440 J/O MP/l\á. -. (bank system. ent. managem. operating. board: default. switching ports): for breakdown.. eonsole. and. list. deviee,. MP/M. relative. time eloek. 20. 3F. -. 4F. 50. -. 5F. **FREE**. 60. -. 7F. Mode! 480 4-line I/G board: Eeserved for additional NIP/M devices, ete. list. 80. -. 8F. Models Includes. 90. -. 97. Model. 40. 98. AO CO. Níodel 480 Reserved. I/O board: for additional. -. Model 440 Reserved. 9F. -. BF. **. -. CF. Models. f or additioríal. 400 and 430 8257 DMA 490 hard. disk. FREE. eonscáes.. serial ports,. **. 400 eínd 430 expansion 5" systems.. FREE. modems,. auxiliary. diskette eontrdlers: device with four channels. contrcller. eontroñer. 80 hex.. #2:. (reserved).. **. Optional FF. MP/M. board:. Model 490 hard disk Expansion eontroller. -. -. consoles.. #1: subsystem. disk hard Default eontroller in IJMA provided through FDC at base address. 8" and DO. I/O. MP/M. diskette eontrollers: for 8 diskette drives of either type. or dual. **. CP/M. 2.2. Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 31.

(33) Initial. APPENDIX C Program Loader (IPL). (16-bit. checksum. = 7297. Hex). IPL ROM loads the CP/Ni operating system into memory and jumps to the BOOT entry point in the BIOS jump table. The current release of the IPL ROM supports all IMS disk/diskette form ats, ineluding the hard disk: The. SERIES. 5000 FORMATS CP/M 1.4 double-density CP/M 2.2 double-density CP/M 2.2 double-density, double-sided CP/M 2.2 hard disk system. SERIES. 8000 FORMATS: CP/M 1.4 double-density CP/M 1.4 double-density, double-sided CP/M 2.2 double-density CP/M 2.2 double-density, double-sided CP/M 2.2 hard disk system. Tite origin (the Model. ot' 44-C). this. ROM irí all systems is should be shunted to enable. The following is or system reset: 1.. a summary. of the. G.. in The board the ROM after. executed. steps. by the IPL. All of memory is moved into the CPU aeeumulator, step will initialize a 64K dynamic memory board ontents oí the RON into system memory IK of memory is altered. The ROM eontinues execution from RAM memory.. e. UART. baud. rates. which the ROM is located power-on cr system reset.. beginning is theri. ROM. then back preserít. if. a. power-on. Tt: is memory. also eopy the that only the first. to. and. Note &sabled, and the IPL at. O.. after. program. 2.. The. standard. 3.. The. hard. 4.. The. default. 5.. The IPL program waits in a loop for the hard disk drive or diskette drive O to beeome ready. If the hard disk beeomes ready, the program prcceeds to step 6. O becomes 7. proceeds step program diskette drive ready, the to If. 6.. disk. eontrdler. step. rate for. is. are. set.. initialized 8". and. tested for its. diskette drives. is. presence. in the. system.. set.. The hard disk is tested for a valid CP/Nf system. If CP/M is not present, the IPL back to step 5. If CP/M is present, the starting address is determined and the system is loaded and executed.. goes. CP/M 2.2 Implementation. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULO1 Page 33.

(34) '7.. The system increase the. 8.. The disk is tested for goes baek to step 5. exeeution addresses.. g.. The. is step. operating. tested for rate.. system. a 5". diskette to determine. operatiríg system. a CP/M CP/Ni is is found,. If. is loaded. it. from. the disk. the. CP/M. lcad. address. If CP/M is not found, tested to determine. and. the IPL load. and. and exeeuted.. is the scuree for the ROM. It is supplied or the system diskette. Normally the crig'in of the IPL is at address C, but a conditional assembly switch exists for testing the IPL. Set TRUE, the origin of the IPL is moved to lOó hex to permit and exeeution as a standard CP/M COM file. loading IPL.ASIV!. CP/M 2.2 Implementation Page 34. Guide Rev 1.2 81JULGI.

(35) ADDENDUM TO CP/M 2.23B. Notice to. users. of, CP/M. 2.23B:. The names of some of the programs provided with this revision of CP/M have been versions. changed to permit easier identification and avoid confusion with previous When refering to The list which follows gives the previous names and the new names. the IMS CP/M Implementation Guide for program instructions, use the previous name. PREVIOUS. NAME. COPY DSKTEST DSKTSTHD FORMAT FORMATHD HDBOOT IMSGEN IMSGENHD. Note a. set. 440. to. UTILITIES. COPY5 DSKTEST5 DSKTSTH5 FORMATS FORMATH5 H5BOOT IMSGEN5 IMSGENH5. also. that CP/M 2.23B I/O controller with. 9600. 5". baud.. is an. S"UTILITIES COPY8 DSKTEST8 DSKTSTH8 FORMAT8 FORMATH8 H8BOOT IMSGEN8 IMSGENH8. configured for a 490 controller at interrupt vector 4 and console is still The system optional oscillator enabled..

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