COMPUTERS, INCORPORATED
Z80
HARD DISK SOFTWARE
USER~S ~tANUAL
PIN: A74015-A
67 East Evelyn Ave .• Mountain View, CA 94041 • (415) 962-{)230
PREFACE
T~~ s mam.:al i 5 for users end integrators of systeiTIS based orl AMPRO ZSC'-tased Fl~~le board computers, utilizing the CP/M operating system. It de5cribe5 the bp~l~nal hard dISk software co~tained on the AMPRO
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Hard Dis~ Softwarediskette. He·e is an oVE~view of wh~t is include~ i~ this m~~ua!:
Chapter 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION - Fea.tures of the 2S0 t',ard di sl sc·ftw~.re.
Co~ventions used in program operation descriptions.
Chapter 2 - SOFTWARE INSTALLATION - Hardware setup and software configuration proc:e:!ures.
Chapter '3 - PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS - Detailed desc:riptions and oeerating instruc:tions for each of the hard disk softwa~e utilities.
Chapter 3 is intended to provide a c:o~venient user reference. The program des:riptions are arranged alphabetic:ally, and each program's name appears on the bottom of the page, to aid you i~ locating the program description.
Each AMPRD progra~ has a version number, and revision level. For example
"Version 2.:" repres2~ts program Version 2, Revision 3. The version number is
c~enged when a new program description is recuired. In most cases~ the
pt-c;rams di scI ay thei r versi on number when yOLt rLm them. Thi s w~.y yen .• c~.n tell
i~ y=u hevE the right program description for the version of a program you are using. As new (improved or e~~an=ed) versio~s of prog~ams become available.
re~:ace~e~t p~og~am description sheets fer yo~r manual will als~ be provided.
PLEASE NOTE
Spe:ifications and descriptions are subject to change without notice. Ucd~tes
are a~ailatle fr~m AMPRO at nominal charge. The c:ontents of this d~cumen~ are
believe~ t~ be accurate. If errors are found, please notify AMP~2 at the address shown on the title page of this document.
Trademarks and registered trademarks used within this document - 280: Zilog, lnc.; CP/M: Digital Research, Inc.; IBM: International Business Machine5~
ZCF'F:3: Richard l. Conn; LITTLE BOARD, LITTLE BOARO/F'LUS, SCSllPl..US: AMPRO.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, for c:ommercial purposes, without the expre~s written consent of AMeRO Compute~s. Inc:.
Copyright (C) 1985, AMPRO COMPUTERS INCORPORATED
,.ABl.E OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Introd~ction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-1 1.2 Software Description • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-1 1.3 Conventions • • • • • • • • • • • • 1-2 1.4 References • • • • • • • • • • • •
. . . . .
1-2CHAPTER 2 - SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 2.1 Introduction • • • • •
2.2 Hardware Preparation.
2.3 Software Installation
. .
CHAPTER 3 - PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS
. . .
3.1 3.2
Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • Program Descriptions • • • • • • • • • FINDBAD • • • • Bad SEctor lockout
. . . . .
HINtT • • • • • BIOS and controller initialization HC'OF:MAT
HFAF.:K
. . .
•• Moves • Hard di5~ hard disk head to landing zone fcrmatter• 2-1
•• 2-1 2-2
• . 3-1
• :'-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 6ENEML lNFtJR11ATION
This chapter primarily describes the optional hard disk software available for the AMPRO ZS(I-based si n;1e board computers and computer systems. Conver.ti ons' to be used in program operating instructions are defined, and references for further information are listed.
1.2 HARD DISK SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
The AMF'RO Z80 hard disk software provides suoport for a wide variety of hard disk system conofigL.lraticns. Use of the hard disk so.ftw:!re requires ei ther a syste:r. containirlg an AMF'RD Little Board with an SCSI/F'LUS
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Ada~ter, cr ar;AMF'F:O Little Board!F'LUS (with built-in SCSI/PLUS inter.face). A!'1F'F:D BIOS Version 3 is also required; the Version 3 BIOS contains generic SCSI (SASI) support, and has been designed to ma>:imize the fle::ibility of YOL.I"" systerrl's hard dis~ interface.
The re~uired Version 3 BIOS is available on the Z80 System Scftware di5J'e~~e
(AMF'RC PIN A60101); the hard disk software utilities l1e:essary to .fermat and install hard disk drives and contro!le~s are contained on t~e
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Hard Dis!:S=f~~~~e diskette (PIN A600~7). If you d= nc~ already have t~E Ve~5i~~ : rIDS, a s:::ftwa.re llpda.te is avajla~le fro::-: AMPRO .fer a nomin~.l :~arge. 5~L.~"':e :t:de
for the BIOS and utilities is also available from AMPRO.
Here are so~e of the .features of the AMPRO hard disk software:
o BIOS supports "generic" SCSI (SASI) controllers, and Xebe: 1410!!410A o Up to eight hard disk controllers, with LIP to 11 hard disk drives of
any size, up tc
se
megabytes total storageo Variable CP/M partition sizes: 0.1 to 8 rrle~abyte5
o CP/M drive letter swapping
Although the Version 3 BIOS provides "generic" SCSI cor.trcller sup~ort~
the SCSI format command has a number of "vendor unique" o~tior.s wr.ich are not uniformly implemented. Consequently, only a limited number o.f SCSI controllers
a~e- directly supported by the AI'1F'F:O hard disk .format utility (H~ORMAT>.
Controllers currently supported are:
Adapte:: ACB40ClO Shuga.-t 16!0-4
Xebec: 1410, 141CIA, and OWL
If yo~ wish to use an unsupported controller, you you c:a~ do this ty m:o:'ii~;
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HFORMAT to be compatible with the desired controller's format command. This usually involves a small change to the source cede, which i£ available for • nOlllinal charge from A!'1f'RO, in the 280 So-ftwarlt Sourclt Cede package.
Most SCSI (SASI) controllers currently being manufa:tured initialize the~selves
on powerup from parameters they write to the drive durinr; the fortTta~ pro:::ess.
E:·!amples ar-I? the Adapte!: and Shug8.rt contrc:llers, and the Xebe: OWL dri vee Some controllers -- IHe the Xebec 1410/141OA - are not aL\to-ir,itia!izing~ arid mL:st be initialized each time they are poweree en. Like the for-mat comma'1d, the initialization command is not standardized. The AMPRO HINIT utility
provides optional controller initialization for only the Xebec controllers. If
Y0lt wish to use an unsupported contro1ler that does require initialization, you
will have to modify HINIT to meet your conJ:roller's requirements; source code to HINIT is available in the Little Board Source Code package.
1. 3 CONVENT IONS
In the descriptions of the use of software utilities, terminal keyboard inputs which you will make to the system are shown underlined. This has been done to mate it easy for you to distinguish between the computer's prompts and the operator's keystrokes. For example:
AO>Ht::OR"!AT <RETURN>
A150~ certain keys on your ter-minal's keyboard have s~ecial uses. The control
key~ generally labeled CTRL, is meant to be pressed at the same time as one other key. The required control key co~bination will be represented as follows: (CTRL-C>
=
control key pressed along with C key.Two other special keys are the "escape" key~ indicated by <ESC> and the
"return" key (also called the· "carriage return" or "enter~ key), indicated by
<RETURN)-. In general, all commands you enter .from the CP/M (or ZCF'R3) corr.mand prompt require you to press the <RETURN> key to begin the operatio~~ as in the e:·: amp 1 e ab ove.
1.4 REFERENCES
Only brief references ore made in this manual to the use and operation of some required softwa~e utilities. Whenever a software utility is mentioned~ it will either be called an AMF'RO utility, a CPIM utility, or a ZCPR3 utility. This way you will know where to obtain 4urther information on the program's use.
Refer to the AM PRO lBC) Software User's Manual (PIN A74006) for further information on other AMPRO-supplied software programs and utilities.
2.1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER
2
SOFTWARE INSTAL..LATION
This chapter provides information on how to configure and install the AMPRo 280 hard disk software. The required hard disk utilities are contained on the 280 Hard Disk Software diskette (AMF'RO PIN A60057>. The AMF'RO Version 3 BIOS, present on the 280 System Software diskette (PIN A60101), is also necessary.
This chapter will guide you through the required hardware and software setup and installation procedures. Refer to Chapter 3 for detailed program descriptions and operating .instructions on the hard disk software utilities, and to the AM PRO 280 System Software User's Manual (PIN A74006) for
instructions on the use of other AMPRo software.
NOTE
Any modifications to the system parameters should only be performed using your backup disks. Do not modify the disks shipped with your system.
2.2 HARDWARE PREPARATION
The AMPRO Z80 hard disk software assumes the presence of either a Little Bcard~
with the ~80 S:SI Adapter option, or a Little Beard/PLUS, with tuilt-in 8:51 interface. Be sure that conductor number 1 of the 50-conductor SCSI tus ~a~le
is plugged into pin 1 of the SCSI 50-pin connector. Often. the flat rib~on
cable will have a red strip on one edge, indicating the lcc~tion of conductor number 1. Also be sure that two -- and only two -- SCSI bus devices have their resistor terminator networks installed.
You may connect up to eleven drives, on up to eight controllers, to your
system. The drives may be any size, up to the syste~ maximu~ of 88 megabytes.
Various drive and controller types may be intermixed.
You will need the following information on each drive to be used:
0 Number of cylinders
0 Number of heads
0 Step rate
0 Cylinder number to begin write precompensation (if needed)
0 Cylinder number to begin reduced write current (if needed)
In addition, each type of hard disk drive usually has a jumper configuratio~
area, generally located near the 34-pin drive cable co"nector. Ccns~lt your drive's documentation to determine how it needs to be j~m;ere~.
:f
~n!y :~Edrive is connected to a controller, it should be jumpere~ ~s t~e first lo;i:Bl unit (LU~O), and connected to the connectors prcvided for tha~ u~lt. Whe- ~~J
or more drives are conne:ted to a single controller~ they irE ju~~ere~ to
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different 10~ical unit numbers, and connected to the appropriate conne:tor£ on the controller.
~ere are some notes on the installation of several controller types:
Xebec 1410, 141M, And OWL - set the sector size jumper, labelej "58" tc:; the
51~ byte sector position, -labeled "~." Set tt-.e controller- address. Tr,is 1S a trace cut opti on on either the 141(1 or the OWL. The Xebe:: cor,troller-s are
ship~ed jum~ered for SCSI bus address 0, so if you are o~ly using one controller use that bus address.
AdAptec ACB4000 - set the SCSI device ID jumper, J~, for the desired
controller ID. The ID is specified as a 3-bit binary code~ with the least significant bit corresponding to A-B and the most significant bit E-F. The associated bit is a 0 when the jumper is off. If only one controller is on your SCSI bus, you can select bus address (I by leaving off all of the address jumpers. The jumpers near Jl, labeled T, PU, Rand S are used for write precompensation setup. Generally a single jumper should be inserted here, between Rand S.
Shugart 1610-4 - set its SCSI bus ID jumper (jumper pairs CUI, CU:, and CU4) for the desired controller address in the same manner as with the ACB4(100.
CUI, CU2, and CU4 on the Shugart controller correspond to jumper pairs A-B, C-D, and E-F on the Adaptec controller. No other jum~ering is required.
Adaptec and Shugart ID Jumpering
SCSI Adaptec Shugart
f:Ll~ ID D-E C-D P-B CU4 Cl':- CUI
(I OLlt OLlt out O~lt out out
1 out out in out out in
2 out in OLlt out in out
"'! out in ir, OL.lt in irl
..
'4 in OL.lt out in OLtt out
5 in OL.lt in in out in
6 in in OL.lt in in out
7 in in in in in in
NOTE
If you are using multiple controllers, be sure only one of them MaE its SCSI bus termination resistors installed.
~3 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
"ate a copy of your normal system diskette, and label it as your "Hard Disk System" diskette. Copy the hard disk software utilities from the 190 Ha~c Disk Scftware diskette onto the new Hard Disk System diskette. Use the follc~i~g procedure to generate your custo~ hard disk system configuration.
Step 11 Configure your CPtM system size.
The more hard disk storage your system has, the more memory space CP/M requires for storage of directory-related information. As CP/M's space requirements increase, the space available to programs (calle~ the Transient ~rogram Area, or "TPA") decreases. The AMPRO ZMOVC~M and MOVCPM uti li ti es are used to
generate various size systems; ZMOVCPM creates systems containing ZCPR3, w~ile
MOVCPM creates systems without ICPR3.
Here are the required sizes for various options of hard disk storage, b~se~ on the AMPRO BIOS Version 3 with the standard (built-in) ZCFR3 support:
Hard Disk System Sizes Hard Disk Storage
(none) 1-1(1 MB 11-42 MB 43-74 MB 75-88 MEt
NOTE
CP/M Si:!:
60K
59K
58K
57K 561:::
TPA bytes
~t:', 070
~5,046
54.0:::
52,998 51,974
A us~.bl e 6(11< system, wi thOLlt hard di sk support, car.not be
generated with IMQVCPM or MQV:PM. Instead, the 60Kflop~y-only
system is provided in boct~.ble form on the system tracks: of the standard AMPRO 180 System Soft~are diskette.
Determine the required system size, and use the AMPRO ZMOVCPM (or MOVCPM) utility to create a system image file configured for yeur requireme~ts. (The
re~~ired system size will be one or more K bytes smaller if ZCPR3 configurations other than the "standard" built-in ene are to be ~sed.)
NOTE
ZM~VCF·M. COM (or MDVCPM. COM) must be run di rectl y frorr. the CI='/M (or ZCF'R3) command line, net from a shell li ~E MENU or FFIE~!.. Y, since it prepares a memory image which might be corrupted b'{ the shell program. Use the shell's edt command (X, <CTRL-C), etc.) to return to the AO)- prompt before running ZMOVCPM (or MDVCf'M).
For e::alrtple, to create a 59K system, use the command:
AO>ZMCVCPM ~9 *<RETURN>
The number "~9" provides enough s~ac:e for up to 10 me;~bite5 of h~r~ dis~
storage. ZMCVCPM will respond:
2-~ ....
CONSTRUCTING 59.( CP/I'! vers 2.2 READY FOR "SYSGEN" OR
"SAVE 41 CPI'!59.COI'!"
AO>_
Step 21 Write the new .yst . . to your Hard Disk Syst . . diskette.
At this point, the new system image is stored in memory. Use the AMF'RO SYSGEN utility to write the new system image onto the system tracks of a new
(preformatted) diskette, by typing:
AI) >SYSGEN~: RETURN>
When SYSGEN requests the Source drive, respond with <RETURN> only, to tell SYSGEN to take the source from memory. When SYSGEN reQuests the Destination drive, enter the desired floppy drive letter. After you specify the
Destination floppy drive letter, SYSGEN will prompt you for a <RETURN). After SYSGEN writes the system to the Destination floppy diskette, the Destination drive prompt will again appear; this time, respond with a <RETURN> or <CTRL>-C to e:d t SYSGEN.
Step 31 Set the powerup port configurations.
Us~ the AMPRD CDNFIG utility to set the required port configurations and other initialization parameters on your new Hard Disk System diskette. This is required even though your current system disk's parameters may already have
bee~ set, because ZMOVCPM has created a system image containing the sta~dard
defaults (9600 baud terminal, etc.), which may differ frc~ your sisterr's req'",li rerr.ents.
Step 4: Test the new system disk.
Try booting from the new Hard disk System diskette. It shol-lld ir,dic:ate the CP/M system size number (e.g. 59K CP/M), and BIDS Version ~, i~ t~e sign-on message. In case of difficulty, re-boot your system with a working systerr. di sl:
and use the CONFIG utility to recheck the terminal port setting, ste; rates, etc.
Step 5: Format your hard disk.
You can now procede to format your hard disk drive. Before you can use the AMF'RO hard disk formatter (HFORMAT>, you must complete the above stet=s, and you must have booted frOIl the new Hard Disk System disk. HFORMAT will not run otherwise. Refer to the description of the AI'!PRO HFORI'!AT utility (Chapter 3).
WARNING! HFORMAT will de.troy all data on the hard disk drive.
You need t~ ha~e the following information handy when you r~n HFORMAT:
Controller:
Drive:
brAnd And lIodel number of ~ylinders.
number of heads step rate
cylinder at which to begin write prec:ol:',pe"'lsi.tion, i f r,ee::::e::::
cylinder ~t which to begin reduced write curre~t, i~ needed cylinder to use for landing zone, if needed
In case of difficulty. re-boot from your Hard Disk System disk and verify from the system Sign-on message that you have a 59K (or less) size CP/M systeffi, and BIOS Version 3 or later. If these are correct, the trouble may be:
a Faulty hard disk controller, drive, or cables o Incorrect controller or drive jumper settings
o Incorrect controller or drive information given to HFORMAT o Incompatibility between hard disk controller and drive o Problem with ~our systeffi's SCSI interface
Step 6: Test hard disk initialization.
Since the AMPRO BIOS supports a wide variety of SCSI (SASI) controllers Dnd drives, as well as a wide range of CP/M drive partition sizes, the operating system must be irlitialized for Yol.lr specific configuration. This will be done immediately after system boot, by the AMPRO HINIT utility.
Refer to ChDpter ~ for information on HINIT. At this point, yow should r~r.
HINIT in its interactive "menu mode," responding to the program's proffipts according to the characteristics of your hardware. Kee~ a list of all of yeur keystroke responses, as you will be making a~ automatic command file (alias) out of them shortly. Vou can create as many CP/M letter partitions on ei.::!-:
drive as you like, using up the available K bytes of formatted capacity of the drive.
After running HINIT (menu mode), try reading the directory of ea::h of your ne~
(empty) hard disk partitions using the DIR utility. If this does~'t work, or if the directory sizes do not seem correct, re-enter the initialization
requirements with HINIT. If you still have problems, refer to the list of possible causes in the previous step.
Step 71 Bad sector lockout.
Since a hard disk drive has an extremely dense recording format, tiny defe~ts
can result in storage areas which are unusable. Typically, only several K bytes of disk storage space will be lost due to these defects.
The Public Domain FINDBAD utility (Chapter 3) performs a read of every sector of eDch CP/M drive letter partition you specify, logging all errors encour,tered during the process. After the specified drive partition is fully checke~, all of the bad sectors are grouped in a single file, called (UNU5EDJ.BAD. in U$e~
area
1:.
Once the defects are grouped into this special file, no atteJ~t to read or write to these areas of the drive will be made (u~les5 you e~ase the file).2-5
Run FINDBAD once ior .Ach Drive partition. For eXAmpl.,
AO > FI NDBAD F:; F I NDBAD G:; F WDBAD H: iF I NDBAD I; <; RETURN>
Step II Cr.Ate and
test
~ automAtic hArd disk initiAlizAtion AliAs.In this step, you will use the ZCPR3 ALIAS utility to create an "alias" COffimand iile to automatically initialize your hard disk system. The required alias contains the precise set of HINIT keystrokes you used in Step 6, above, but with a comma used to represent the'<RETURN> key and a period used to represent the <ESC> key. A good name for the alias you create is HARDINIT.COM. You can use a separate alias to initialize each drive or controller, or one alias can initialize them all.
For example, the iollowing HARDINIT alias command line might be used to initialize two 5 megabyte drive partitions (F and G) on a single 10 megabyte
drive~ connected as logical unit 0 (LUNO) on an Adaptec controller:
HINIT YD010 AF5000,AG5000,.
Refer to the program description of HINIT (Chapter 3) for further details.
After you create the HARDINIT.COM alias required by your system, test it as follows: re-boot from your Hard Disk System diskette, to clear out the effects of Step 6; then type the command:
AO>HARDINITfRETURN> "
Then try again to access the (empty) directories of all of the drive letters your alias has just defined, using the DIR utility. (Proble~s? See Step 6.)
Step 91 Write your system tracks to the first hard disk partition.
Use the AMPRO SYSGEN utility to copy the system tracks froffi your Ha~~ Disk System diskette to your first hard disk partition.
Step 10: Configure your system disk for automatic initialization.
In this step you will configure your Hard Disk System disk tc perform all required initialization, including cOffiplete transfer of opel-aticn to YOLiI- har-d disk partitions. To do this, you create another ALIAS wrlich gets everythir.;
going just the way you want it.
Here is an e}:ample. Let's assume you have created a system with two 10
me;abyte drives, partitioned as four 5 megabyte CP/M drive letters, F through I. The standard system disk contains an alias Which is useful for this
configuration, called HSTART.COM. It contains the fcllowin; com~and line:
HARDINIT; SWAP AF BG CH Dr.; STAF:TUF' This performs the following three steps:
(1) Initializes your hard disk system, a:cordin; to the alias HARDINIT.COM you created in Step S.
(2) Reassigns drive letters, such that floppy letters A-D are swa~jjed
with h6rd disk drive letters F-I.
(~) Continues o"eratior. from the first hard disl. drive partitior. (now called "An), based on the contents of a STARTUP.COM alias you p~t
there.
One final touch: set "HSTART" as the system aLltocommand, using the AMPRO CONFIG utility. Now, when YOLl boot from YOLlr Hard Disk System diskette, your hard disk system will aLltomatically be initialized, the hard disk drive letters
(F-I) will be swapped with the floppy drive letters (A-D), and the comma~d line contained in the STARTUP. COM alias on the first hard disk drive partition will run. Try it!
· ... .
CONGRATULATIONS!
This completes your hard disk system installation.
· .
· ... .
2-7
3. 1 INTRODUCTIC»i
CHAPTER :5 PROGRAI'I 1ESCRIPTtONS
This chapter contains detailed information on each of the AMPRO
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hard disk software utility programs supplied on the AMPRO Hard Disk Software diskette.Each program's description explains what the program does and how it is used.
The utilities are covered in alphabetical order, so this material can serve as a handy operator's reference.
Each program description is identified with a version number. When the utility program is run, its version number (and a revision level) appear in the
program's sign-on message,for example:
AMPRO Copy/Format/Verify Utility Copyright (C) 1984 AMPRO CompLlters, Inc.
Version '1.6
In this case the program is Version 1, Revision 6. Revisions of a utility program having the same version number operate in the same manner. If a future version of a particular utility program requires a new description, its version number will be changed, to indicate that the old description is no longer
accurate. Program descriptions for the new program version will be available.
so that ~ou can update this manual.
3.2 PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS
Tt-,e following pages contain the program descriptions of the AMPRO ~(l r,a'.:'": disk software utilities, alphabetically arranged.
FJNDBAD (Version 6)
Description
Since a hard disk drive has a very densely packed storage surfa:e. minute defects car. result in small areas which are unusable. Some co~trcllers can automati call y "map" these bad spots (de-fe::ts) out of use dLlring operation.
while others can not. The AMPRO hard disk eIOS does not utilize this option, since each controller does this differently. Instead, the FINDBAD bad se~tor
lockout program is used to allocate all of the bad areas of a disk's surface into a single file. As long as you never erase this file, the bad spots on the disk will never be used for program or data storage. Typically only several K bytes of disk storage will be lost due to these defects.
T~e FINDBAD utility is a public domain program which provides bad sector
lockout. FINDBAD performs a read of every sector of the CP/M drive letter you spe:ify, logging all errors encountered during the process. After the
s~e:ified drive is fully checked, all of the bad sectors are assigned to a single file~ called rUNUSEDJ.BAD (in user area 15). Once the defects are
groupe~ into this spe:ial file, no attempt to read or write to those areas of the drive will be made (unless yo~ erase the rUNUSEDJ.BAD file).
Operation
Before VOL'. c ... n L:se FINDBAD, your
r. ...
rd di sk mLlst be for:n~tte:j (see HrOF:~A:), ar-,:jyo~r syste~ initialized (see HINIT). You must run FINDBA~ on~e for ea:h dpive
lette~ y~~ will be using, eyen if several drive letteps reoresent CP/~
partitions on the same drive.
To run FINDBAD, you simply type the program's name along with the CP/M driye partition letter, followed by a colon. For exam~le, to run FINDBAD on drive letter F, enter the following command from the CP/M command line:
AO>FItJDBAD F: <RETUF:N>
The program will display status messages indicating its progress~ and the locations (if any) at whi::h bad disk sectors are found.
NOTE
The file created, [UNUSEDJ.BAD, is placed in use~ area 1~ by FINDBAD. It must be left as is. To protect it, you can use the following STAT.COM commands
A(I:~STAT [UNUSEDJ. BAD SJ:UO<RETURN>
Vou can also run FINDBAD on a drive which is not em~ty, if YCU s~s:e:t th~~ it
co~tiins ba~ sectors. In this case, files alrea~~ on the drive will nc~ be harffied, a~d the resulting [UNUSEDJ.BAD file will c~llect all blo:l.s :o~t~l~i~g b~d se:tors at that time.
FINDBAD-1
HINIT (Verslon 1)
Description
This utility pe~forms dis~ controller initialization and CP/M eIOS installation for use of hard disk drives and SCSI hard disk controllers.' When your system boots (on power-up or reset), a number of BIOS parameters must be set prior to access of the hard disk drives. Also, some hard disk controllers re~uire
initializaticn before use. HINIT provides the facility for performing these operations. HINIT has two modes of use: Menu Mode, and Command Line Mode.
HINIT provides controller initialization for only one type of hard disk controller, the Xebec 1410 ,(or 1410A). Most SCSI hard disk controllers curre .... t1y being rr;am.!factL.lred do not require initiali:ation. These seif-
initializing controllers are referred to as "SCSI Generi:." They automatically initialize themselves on powerup from parameters which they write to a reserved area on the hard disk drive when they format the drive. Contrcllers known to be SCSI Generic are: Adaptec, Shugart, Xebec OWL.
IMPORTANT
Since SCSI Ge~eric controllers depend on initialization
information which they write to the disk d~ives during format, your drives must be formatted first, before yeu attem~t to use HINIT •
The AMPRO Version 3 eIOS classifies SCSI Generic cortrcllers in twc ways:
those which can support burst data transfer over SCSI. an~ those w~ich re~uire
byte-by-byte handsha,king. HINIT prompts you to select ei ther "burst-mode" or
"byte-mode" for SCSI Generic controllers. As im;lemented, burst mode
controllers provide a 10-20 percent speed advantage over byte mc~~ :cntrollers.
The Adaptec ACE!400(1 can be used in burst mode, while the S!"I~.Igart lcl0-4
re~~ires byte mode. These designations are specific to the AMPRO application.
and are not standard terms, 50 you won't find this information in your SCSI corltroller's tet:hnical manual. It is recommended that you 1.\5e ar:y ur.1isted
cont~cller in byte mode, until you thoroughly exercise the sy~tem with the
burs~-mode specified.
Menu Mode Operation
To invoke HINIT's interactive menu mode, Simply type the program's na~e from the CP/M command line:
AO>HINIT(RETURN>
HINIT will prompt you for all reQuired information. The initial prompt a5~5:
Do you want to clear the e;; i sti ng hard di 51: a.s5i ;r.me:.t5 (y/~) ':'
This provides the o~tion of doing all desired initiali:ati=n in o~e r~~ =f HINIT, or usin; HINIT several times to initialize multiple drives or
controllers.
HINIT ne~:t displays its main menu:
Options available:
CD) Defi ne the Current Dr i ve
eA) Add. ~.rtitio~ to the Current Drive (ESC) Ex'i t tl'le program
What next CD/A/ESC)?
The steps you will perform are:
Defining the "Current Drive" - use the "D" option, to define a rlew "currerlt drive." HINIT will prompt you for the controller's SCSI 10 and type, and the drive's logical unit number (LUN), as jumpered on the drive. A si~gle disk drive may centai~ more than one CPIM drive lette~ partitien, as spe=ified in the ne:;t step.
Since the Xebec 1410 and 1410A controllers require powe~-uc initiali:atic~,
when ycu spe=ify one of those controllers you will be pro~pted tc sup;ly the same dri ve-rel ated information reQuired by HFOF:MAT, namely: nLlmber of
cylinders, number of heads, RW: cylinder, WF'C cylinder, arid drive ste:: r~.te.
(See HFOPMAT for more information.)
Defining CP/M parti tions on the dri ve - afte!'" yo;'1 defir,e the curre~,"; dh ve, H!NIT will return you to the ~ai~ menu options (D/A/ESC) •. Use the "A" ~~ti=~
to define the CP/M drive st.lb-partitions to be built on the CLlrre:1t drive.
HINIT will ~rompt you for a CP/M partition letter (startin; from F) a~~ a partition size. The drive partition size, entered in Kbytes, ca~ be anithing frcm 1 to 8192 (~bytes). (A Kbyte is 1,024 bytes.)
A drive partition can be thought of as a "logical" dis.: drive, and ha: its own drive letter (F, G, H, etc., up to P). A single disk drive may have as many CF'/M partitions 1.5 you wish. However, there are only 11 availa!::le par:itions, sc use them wisely!
After e~ch additional CP/M partition you specify, HINIT will retur~ to its mAin menu, asking you if you wish to define an additional C~/M partition on the sa~e
(ltl:urrentlt) disk drive, define a new (additional) "current" disk drive. or edt to CP/M. When you are finished specifing all the required drives and
partitions. use the ESC option to exit HINIT.
NOTE
Each time yo\.! specify a CF'/M drive partition size, HINI! will indicate how much BIOS buffer space remains. If you ru~ out of space, you wi 11 rleed to use the AMPRO ZMOVCPM uti 1 it·,' t: tr:at'e a smaller size CP/M syste~. If you pla~ to instal! an alte~~ate
ZCPR: c~nfiguration requiring additional BIOS buffer s:a:e (1~.
21~, etc.), be sure HINIT incicates SLIHi:ie~t. b"-IHe'- s::,o:e HINIT-2
remains for your requirement after the hiohest letter CF'/M drive
p~rtition is s~ecified.
The tot~l formatted cacacity of a oiven drive depends on the contrbller to which it is connected. Assuming the controller you are usin; rese~ves one cylinder for its own u5e~ you can c~lculate Hie available 5~ace or, eo::t", ha-d dis!: dri ve from the number of C:Vli nders (CYLS), the numbe!"' of hea~5 (HDS), and the !'\llll',ber of ~12 byte sectors Yoi.\r cor,troll er wri tes on eo:.:::h cyli nde"
(SECTORS), as foilowsl
FORMATTED CAPACITY
=
[CYLS-1J X HDS X SECTORS X .5The value you use for SECTORS depends on the particular controller, and, in the case of Adaptec controllers, on the interleave you specified when you used HFOF:MAT to format the drive. Typical values are:
Adaptec ACEc4.o00:
Adaptec ACEc400(1:
XEBEC 1410, 1410A:
Shugart 1610-4:
18 (with interleaves of 2 or more) 17 (with interleave of 1)
17 (all interleaves) 17 (all interleaves)
After you run HI NIT in its Menu mode, try the 2CPR3 DIR program (Chapter ~) on each CP/M partition you have created. The DIR progr~~ will show the space allocated to each CP/M partition. The number of Kbytes of space should be 32K
smalle~ than what you specified in HINIT, due tc directory spa:e requireme~ts.
After you h~ve established that all CP/M partitions a~e ~s you wish, run the Public Domain FIN~BAD program to remove any bad se:tors from usable dis~ s;ace.
FINDBAD will also let you know if you have attemeted to use more capa:ity than
yc~~ drive actually has.
Command line Mode Operation
HINIT would not be a very useful program if you had t~ manually e~:e- all required information every time you booted your systetr.. However, thai1l:s to HINIT's Commarid Li ne mode, YOlI can create a ZCPR3 ALIAS to i ni ti ali zc you!"' s"lstem for you.
To cre~te an automatic initialization ALIAS, first run HINIT in its Menu rnc~e.
and keep a careful record of all of your keystrokes. After che:king to see that everything has been initialized to your satisfaction. create an ALIAS containing a command line containing:
HINIT (parameters)
where the parameters are characters representing the precise 5e~Llence of keystrokes you used when you used HINIT in its Menu mode, with the following
It:·: ce~ ti ons: sLlbsti tute a comma for the <RETURN> key, and a per i od f or the
<ESC> key. Be sure to end with a period, corresponding to the (ESC) use~ to exit HINIT back to CP/M.
~e~e is • sample HINIT command line.
HINIT YD010 A~OOO,AG~OOO,.
It does the following:
Y clear any previous iroitialization D indicates a new "current drive"
o
controller SCSI 10 is 01 controller type is SCSI burst-mode generic
o
drive logical unit number (LUN) is 0 (space has no effect; used for clarity) A additional CP/M partition on the same drive F selects CF'/M partition letter F5000 size of CP/M partition F is 5,0001< bytes represents <RETURN>
(space has no effect; use~ for clarity) A additional CP/M partition on the same drive G selects CP/M partition letter G
500(1 size of CF'/M partition G is 5,()(lCW bytes represents <RETURN>
represents <ESC>
S~ac:es can be used in the command line for ease of under5tan~ing; they have no effe:t. Both CP/M partitions defined in this examp!e are on the same physical drive. If the two 5 MB partitions were on separate drives (e.g. LUNO an~ LUN!
on the same controller), the command line would have been:
HINIT-4
HPARK (Version 1)
Descri pti on
The HPAR~ utility moves the read/write head(s) of one or more hard disk drives to a predefined safety zone on,the disk surface, to guard against accidental d ... ta loss dLte to either power on/off glitches in the drive electronics or media damage due to mechanical shock. YOLl should always use HF'ARI:: to "park"
your drives' heads prior to switching off AC power. After HPARK finishes positioning the disk heads it halts all system operation; the only recovery from system lockup after HPARK is by means of a system reset.
Menu Mode Operation
To U5~ HPARK i~ its interactive "menu" mode, type the program's name from the
C~!M command line:
At) >HF'ARf:"< RETURN:>
For e~:h drive YOLl wish to park, yow will be prom~te~ the following i::forr.l2tion:
(1) SCSI ID of the co~troller tc which the drive is c=::ne:te~ (O-~'
(3) Contrcller type, if listed
(4: ~lcck number location for head positioning. This ste~ is ski~ped if y=~r
controller type is "listed" (Step 3). If your controller is unlisted,
the~ you are prompted for a block num~er. Calculate the block numter as follows:
· ... .
block num~er
=
[cylinders X sectors/track X heads] - 1· .
· ... .
cylinders
=
the number of cylinders on the drive; or the special parking zone cylinder number, i~ the drive provides onese:tors/track = the num~er of ~1: byte sectors the controller form~ts per track. Thi s depends on the control I er •. For e::am;:ll e •••
Xebec: 17; Adaptec: 18 for interle?ves of : or grestep • but 17
~or an interleave of 1: Shugart: 17.
heads
=
the number of he~ds on the driveNOTE
The Xebec 1410/1410A controllers do not allow HPARV to seek beyond the last cylinder number de4ined by the HINIT utility. One way to get around this is to define one mo~e cylinder in your HI NIT alias than you are ac:tually usint;l in your (Y/M drive partitions. Then use this e:{tra cylinder as your parking cylinder.
Command Line ~de Operation
Once you have tested HPAR~~ on your dr i ves usi ng the pr ogr am's menu mode 04 operation, you will probably want to create a 2CPF;3 alias to park your drives, in the same way you use an alias to perform the powerup initialization of your hard disk system (see HINIT).
HPAR~ allows you to speci4~ everything directly from the comman~ line. or from within an alias. The general 40rm of the command line mode usage is:
AO)HPARK {parameters}
As with HINIT, the "parameters" in the command line consist of the keystro~es
YOLI use in HPAF;I<'s menu mode, e::c:ept that you substitute a comma 40r the
<RETUF;N> key. End the parameters with a period.
Use the 2CPR3 ALIAS program to create a command fil~ containing the HPAR~
command line required to park your system's drives. Here are s~me e~amDle5:
This HPPRV command line is for a pair of Minis:ribe 3012 drives cc~~ecte~ as logical units 0 and 1 on a Xebec controller with SCSI ID 0:
HF'ARI:: 00#20807,
o
Ut2'(l807 , •Here is one for the same pair of drives connected to an Adaptec ACB4000:
HPARI< OOA, 01A, •
The ACB4000 is listed in HPARK's controller type list, so the letter the place of the block number.
HPA~J:-2
I. 1\ II M
LITTLE BOARD/PLUS SCSI BOOT EPROM November 1, 1985
A. I y,tre.duct ie'YI
The AMPRO SCSI/PLUS bus interface represents a significant advance in single-board-computer architecture, by providing a general purpose, high performance, interprocessor data channel. The most obvious use of the SCSI/PLUS bus interface is for the addition of SCSI (SASI) hard disk controllers and drives.
bus.
B. Boot Algorithm
However, this is not the only use for the SCSI/PLUS
Iy~ cl\""'der tCI provide a geY,eral purpc1se "hc.c.k" fc.r a variety c.f SCSI/PLUS applications, the Little Board/PLUS SCSI BOOT EPROM allows the board to "boot"
directly from SCSI, without the need for an attached floppy disk drive. Here is what the Ylew SCSI BOOT e:P~10M dCles wheY', the board is RESET:
(1) Checks fc.r the preseY,ce clf a bc.otable flc.ppy. If CIYle is presey,t, it attempts to boot from the floppy. If this fails •••
(2) Reads its SCSI ID CO-8) from the ID Input Register, and either:
(3) If the board's ID is 7, performs an SCSI bus reset and then attempts to boot from SCSI device ID O. If this fails, return to step (1).
(3) If the board's ID is not 7, does not perform an SCSI bus reset.
Attempts te. boot fl~Offl SCSI device ID 7. If this fails, re'cury, te. step (1).
This boot algclrithm provides a meOlIl"lS to easily establish a master/slave hierarchy, where the device which is Jumpered te. ID 7 is the system master.
It must be respoYlsible to pre,vide the be.otstrap software fClr all devices which are Jumpered to addresses other than 7. This process is very straight
forward; the bus master simply emUlates an SCSI hard disk controller as far as the slave processor is celncerY,ed.
C. Installation of Hard Disk Autoboot
In keeping with the general "philosophy" of SCSI, the SCSI BOOT EPROM does not make any assumptions about the type of disk controller it is booting from, nor about any characteristics of the hard disk drive (i.e., tracks, heads, step rate, etc.). For this reason, automatic booting from a hard disk can only be de.Y,e wheYI u5iY'9 SCSI CC'y,t ... ·'c.llers which iydtialize themselves
~mat ically 01"1 power-up.
Of the cO'l"ltrc.llers supported by the AMPRO Hard Disk Sc.ftware., the
followi~g may be used fell'" automatic ha\"d disk bc,otiy,g:
)'.eeec UWI.... cC'rrleJ.n .. n:;lC'n orJ.Vfii!/\;;;OnliT'<';",LJ.t::Ir'
The Xebec 1410 and 1410A, ay,d the DTC 510A ,",rid 510B initializing. These controllers require the addition of commands in either the SCSI BOOT EPROM or the boot strap the HGEN utility>, in order to initialize the controller Hookfi have been provided in the SCSI BOOT EPROM
a re~ rH:.t se 1 f-'
installation-specific loader (contained in pric.r te. drive
code for this
Here is how to prepare a Little Board-based system for automatic booting from a hard disk. Replace your old BOOT EPROM with the new SCSI BOOT EPROM, and theY. perform the fc.lle.wiYIS steps:
(1) Hardware Setup: Install your system's hardware as described in Chapter 2 of the AMPRO Z80 Hard Disk Software User's Manual. In addition, for hard disk autoboot, SCSI ID's should be set as follows:
o Initiator ID Jumpering: The Little Board/PLUS is the SCSI
"Initiator." Jumper it to SCSI 10 7, as shown in Little Board/PLUS technical manual.
o Target 10 JumperiY.~p The SCSI disk coy .. troller is the SCSI "Target."
Jumper the controller to be booted from as SCSI ID 0, according to the controller's installation manual. Also, the drive to be booted from must be cOYIYlected as Log ical UYIl t Number (LUN) O.
(2) Initial Software Setup: Install and test the standard AMPRO
zao
Hard Disk sc.ftware ay.d hardware all!> described iYI Chapter ;2 clf the Hard Disk, SO'ftwa\~eUfier's Mal"lual. This iYlcludes:
o Running HFORMAT, to format the drive.
o Running HINIT, to initialize your system's BIOS.
o Running SYSGEN, to write the operating system to the rirst hard disk part i t ie'YI_ This is "F" priclr to 'r~\'\rll".iYlg SWAP.
o Running SWAP, to re-assign drive letters the way that you want them.
Be sure you have assigned drive letters so that the first hard disk part it ioY, is y,c.w drive tlA."
(3) Final Software Installation: This is the easy part. All you have to do now is ruy, the AMPRO HGEN ut iii ty, and respe,,,,,,d te. the prc'grarn's prompt wi th a
"y." That's all there is to it! Remove your floppy diskettes from your system, and press RESET. After a brier delay (5 to 10 seconds) to allow for floppy timeout, your system should boot directly from your hard disk.
HGEN (Versie,}", 1)
This utility modifies the system tracks on your hard drive to perform disk controller initialization and CP/M BIOS installation to support automatic befc,tiy,g frclm the hard disk drive. Whey, yctI_n~ system bCICfts (cm pe.wer'--up or reset), a YILunber cff BIOS pal~amet;ers rnust be set pricfr te. acces;s cff the hard disk drives. Also, some hard disk controllers require initialization before use. H8EN provides the facility for installing these routines on the system tracks.
HGEN provides controller initialization on reset for two types of hard disk controllers, the Xebec 1410CA), and the DTC 510(A/B). Most SCSI hard disk
controllers currently being manufactured do not require initialization. These self-initializing controllers are referred to as "SCSI Generic." They
automatically initialize themselves on powerup from parameters which they write to a re!J!ierved area Ol", the haf"d disk whel". ttH~y 'fc.rmat the dri ve. Ce'Yltrollet~s
I,mown to be SCSI Generic are: Adaptec, Shugart, al",d Xebec OWL.
O
prc.vicles a tliimilar iy,itializatie'YI mechay.:i.sm fe.y' no'l", SCSI Gel'"leric! . ' oIlers. Most controllers initialize themselves to a specific default
drive type. For instance, the DTC 500 series default to an BT-50S type drive, with 4 heads and 153 tracks. This default initialization is sufficient to allow reading in the boot sector and system tracks from the hard disk. Since the system tracks occupy 32 sectors, they will be completely contained on the first platter of cylinder O. This means that it is not necessary to move the heads of' cylinder 0 in order to read the system tracks on any hard drive that is formatted with at least 16 512 byte sectors per track. Once the system
tracks have been read, t~. controller is initialized with the correct number of heads and cylinders for your hard disk.
Before running ~GEN, you must have fi~st meet the following requirements:
= lrs'!B
• prn6
y0~r SCSI boot EPqOM must be version 1.3 or higher o the Little Board SCSI address must be set to 7
o the hard drive SCSI controller address must be set to 0
o t h . hard drive addressed . s LUN 0 on this controller must have been
, CI)"fji",d; 't; ed
c:,t;~';e sy~Jl.tems tracks or, t;h(f~ h,,'Ird drive ml..\st have beey, SYSGENed f'rc.ro YCH.IY'
Hard Drive System Master floppy disk
o HINIT must have been run to initialize the controller, and at least one CP/M partition must have been defined
~GEN will only initialize the hard drive addressed as LUN 0 on the hard drive controller at SCSI address
o.
All other controllers and hard drives should beinitialized using HINIT after boot up.
00··.:~t: ie""
-: _':" ;C!\/c.t,;e ! .. ·IDEN' '3 :i rd; en"ae':; i "it? rn0'iY';I..( TliQde,!
CP/M cQmmBnd line=
simply type the prQgram's name from the
you for all required information. The initial prompt asks:
Pre you sure you want to continue (YIN)?
Rnswer V ~o this prompt i~ you want to install the automatic boot up changes on
the h a 1"'0 d Y" :i. ve.
Next, you will bp ~rompted for the hard drive controller type. HGEN supports the ?ollowing SCSI controllers:
., 1 H~Ej,
" pn1'E;
w Generic SCSI burst mode controllers o Generic SCSI byte mode controllers
o DTC 500 sey' i !?~E,
If your controller 5 a generic SCSI type, HGEN will go ahead and make the changes to the system track and inform you that you can now boot directly from the hard drive. For the Xebec and ~rc controllers, you will be prompted for the drive characteristics of the drive addressed as LUN O. This information is the same drive-related information required by HFORMRT and HI NIT,
number of cylinders, number of heads~ RWe cylinder, WPC cylinder,
!:s. ,t: e~}:) r"· ia <k; E~~ I~
l"lamely:
al",d dl~i v~~
HGEN will complete the changes to the system track momentarily. Once it
finishe., park the heads of the drive, press RESET, and after the floppy drive times out, your system will boot directly from the hard disk.
This ~ibrary contains new versions of HGEN and SCSIBOOT. HGEN has been extended
O .. '
';"1'""\; oi,1 :l, BCEH cc' .... ltr~:ll1eHA il"d t: 1,':'11 i za'l'; iCI"", i1"l the hard drive bCIClt sectcl.,..'. Th i s . s automatic bootinQ from non generic SCSI controllers, such as the Xebec1. ~(A) and the DTC 510(A/B), as well as generic SCSI controllers.
HGEN V:.3 will not function with the Vl.2 SCSI boot EPROM. R bug in the SCSI routines in the boot EPROM that prever~ed the SETPRRM routine from functioning has been corrected in the Vl.3 EPROM.
Much of the new material in HGEN was lifted from HINIT. The corrections to the SCSI routines in the boot EPROM were taken from the V3.8 BIOS source. All
source :istings are copyrighted material of Ampro, Inc' 1 and could not be
included in the library for general distribution. They are available on Ampro's BBS at (408)734-2980 in the LBZBO-SOURCE section for licencees of Ampro's
SCI!,,\ l"ce cc.d e.
Th(f.;.se r.:W·(:I~iil'~,7:\WS hiiilve be~e1'" tested :il", a Li't;tle BC:lat~d/Plus, using <it DTC-510B controller, connected to an 1M! 5018 drive. SCSI Generic controllers should experience no problems with these new files, a. they do not require specific
initialization. The Xebec 1410CA) should work (based on the comment. by
John Lin in 1410BOOT.TXT), but has not been tested.
~ile. in this library -RERD.ME this file
HG-1-3.COM HGEN 1.3 executable file
HG .... ·:!. n 3. DOC
SBT-1-3.HEX
~~.";3. RO!Y!
HGEN 1.3 documentation file
sCSrSOOT 1.3 Intel HEX format file SCSIBOOT 1.3 binary image file
Wayne Hcrtensius
108-1408 Pickering Parkway
~ick.~in9 Ontario CANADA L,1V 3V7
(i,::' b) 4i:::O·_·3785
AMPRO BIOS UPDATE PROCEDURE
\-.lh<::1l'·! y.;::,'..! tq::,di:\tE! YC:'lIY' s.ys"tero fre.rn eitl"H":;'r ,:it BIOS bil"Ja\l"~y or "hex" file~ yo 1..1 fil-~st
use the AMPRO ZMOVCPM (or MOVCPMJ u t i l i t y to f i r s t a system image f i l e of the
deS;~ci"€-H::l l::;.ystem "size. II The'n ye.l! use the CP/!V! DDT u t i l i t y -te. wel"'£le -the appropriate BIOS update f i l e with your system image file.
AMPRO BIOS update files are currently distributed as binary files. BIOS
updat""'~ fi Ie!:> can a15<.:' be di5t:'r'ibuted i\"j "HEX" format. The twc. (binan-~y al',d HEX) ~sthods are equivalent; we have switched to using the binary f i l e scheme, since the required files are smaller, and the update procedure is easier. The two procedures below cover both cases.
Befelrs yc.u ~::.tii:n~tl decide ,,,,hat "~d_z(""," system yc.u will requj.l·-·e. The sta'ndal~c:1 diEl;tl·~:il::nd.::ic!l'·. ":;)I!:;:.t:e''-l~ ba;:~(?d CH'", the Ve~~f.":;ic!)"j :3 AlVlPRO BIOS,. is a "60K" system.
This is a floppy-only configuration, with a minimum set of ZCPR3 functions.
You can t . : l what system size you are currently using by observing the system
!2.i gr!on wf.::>f.5sa!;;iE wr"lel'"1 yc.!.,l fil'~st "bt.:tc.t I! YO!.ll" sY!!l;t em.
If you are plan to install hard disk support, or extended ZePR3 features, you
e
Ni '1 f~eq!_drf:""': a srnal1.1""' ~:;ys:.tem si~·~e tha"n 60K, to mii:~ke rllc.re ope ... ~atiYig system'\r
ii,\v,,~:i.lable 'fc,'r-' thf.£<s.e .".!<dditic'\'"l4i:\l fea"tu~~e~3. COlr1sult the har·d disk e,y' _ .. ~ded ZePR3 software documentatic~ to determine what system size will ba·r-·t:~q t .• l:i · .. ···ii0d ..
The BIOS u ate files have names of the form: nnBIOSmm.HEX, or nnBIOSmm.BIN.
ThE~ fi'rt:;t e,f" tht?!sw.,> Y·eprese.,y·,ts a BIOS "HEX" fi le clf AMPRO BIOS Versic .... ·, "l"m"' arH;:!
sys:;'1;(;:)1'" S:;:i.Z0;,' "mm" ~-::~yt(""';::>~ wh:iJ.e "bhe sec.::,·nd is:~ ,1:\ BIOS binary f i l e of the same
ve'l~5:.:j.'::ll'·l iiill'id !=·~lst.m sd zen F01""' E'xc.~mple, "3'+B10858. BIN" ccmtaiYI5', BIOS Versiol",
:~:; If ·{.t (~ y", C) .r.::" Eit Y'f 'b F..:: U S f!:~ cl "C CI U. FJ <:~ fit t e a ' l :':J 8 ~,< i 1 S y' *:1 t &1 rn ~, Assumin~ you know
the following two
B. Updating your
what system size you require (60K, 59K, etc.), use one of procedures to update your operating system with a new BIOS procedures, the example given assumes eros Version 3.4 and
1n9 System from a BIOS Binary File
AO)ZMOVCPM 60 *<RETURN)
CONSTRUCTING 58K CP/M vars 2.2
READY FOR "SYSGEI'.l" OR
"SAVE 4 CPM60. COIVl"
AO)SAVE 49 OLDSYS.BIN(RETURN}
(I ' s always OK to save 49 pages.)
