Global Hindu Diaspora A bibliography of books and main articles

Global Hindu Diaspora

A bibliography of books and main articles

October 2004, few updates June 2008

by Martin Baumann (University of Lucerne)

The bibliography lists monographs, edited books and main articles which as their main topic describe and analyse the global spread of Hindu traditions in antiquity and modern times. At times a synonymous treatment of "Indian" and

"Hindu" had been unavoidable though this usage does not imply that all Indians are necessarily Hindus. The same applies for the usage of "South Asian". For convenience, at the outset a list of some main edited books on the global Hindu diaspora is given.

Amendments and suggestions for completion of the bibliography are appreciated.

Temple festival, procession in front of the Sri Murugan temple, Hamm (North Germany), 2001

"The top ten" edited books on the global Hindu or Indian diaspora, in order of latest year of publication.

Jacobsen, Knut A. (ed.), South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora, London: Routledge 2008.

Oonk, G. (ed.), Global Indian Diasporas. Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory, Amsterdam:

Amsterdam University Press for IJAS 2007.

Lal, Brij V., The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Paris: Editions Didier Millet 2006, 416 p.

Jacobsen, Knut A., Kumar, Pratap (eds.), South Asians in the Diaspora. Histories and Religious Traditions, Leiden: Brill 2004, 513 p.

Baumann, Martin; Luchesi, Brigitte; Wilke, Annette (eds.), Tempel und Tamilen in zweiter Heimat:

Hindus aus Sri Lanka im deutschsprachigen und skandinavischen Raum, Würzburg: Ergon, 2003, 500 p.

Coward, Harold; Hinnells, John; Williams, Raymond Brady (eds.), The South Asian Religious Diaspora in Britain, Canada, and the United States, New York: SUNY 2000, 301 p.

Vertovec, Steven, The Hindu Diaspora. Comparative Patterns, London, New York: Routledge 2000, 190 p.

Rukmani, T. S. (ed.), Hindu Diaspora. Global Perspectives, Montreal: Concordia University 1999, 473 p.

Williams, Raymond Brady (ed.), A Sacred Thread. Modern Transmission of Hindu Traditions in Indida and Abroad, Chambersburg: Anima Publ. , 1992, 337 p.

Vertovec, Steven (ed.), Aspects of South Asian Diaspora, Delhi: Oxford University Press, Papers on

India, Vol. 2, Part 2, 1991.

List of studies on global Hindu diasporas, Overseas Indians, and globally distributed South Asians

Ampalavanar, Rajaswary, The Indian Minority and Potential Change in Malaysia 1945-1957, Oxford:

Oxford University Press 1981.

Angrosino, Michael V., "Religion among overseas Indian Communities", in: Giri Raj Gupta (ed.), Religion in Modern India, New Delhi: Vikas 1983, pp. 357-398.

Arasaratnam, S., Indians in Malaysia and Singapore, Kuala Lumpur et al.: Oxford University Press, 2

edition1979 (first print 1969).

Aveling, Marian, "Ritual Change in the Hindu Temples of Penang", in: Contributions to Indian Sociol- ogy, 12, 1978, p. 173-193.

Bahadur Singh, I.J. (ed.), The Other India. The Overseas Indians and their Relationship with India.

Proceedings of a Seminar, Arnold-Heinemann 1979.

Bahadur Singh, I. J. (ed.), 1987, Indians in the Caribbean, Delhi: Sterling Publ.

Ballard, Roger, (ed.), Desh Pardesh. The South Asian Presence in Britain, London: Hurst 1994, 296 p Barot, Rohit, "Hinduism and Hindus in Europe", in: Sean Gill, Gavin D'Costa, Ursula King (eds.),

Religion in Europe. Contemporary Perspectives, Kampen: Kok Pharos 1994, pp. 68-85.

Bastos, Susana; Bastos, José, Para além das dicotomias perturbadoras – Uma abordagem pluri- metodológica das estratégias identitárias dos Hindus-Gujaratis residentes em Lisboa, Lisboa, Orientália, Col. da Fundação Oriente 2001.

Baumann, Martin, "Conceptualizing Diaspora. The Preservation of Religious Identity in Foreign Parts, exemplified by Hindu Communities outside India", in: Temenos, 31, 1995, pp. 19-35.

Baumann, Martin, "Sustaining ‘Little Indias’: The Hindu Diasporas in Europe", in: Gerrie ter Haar (ed.), Religious Communities in the Diaspora, Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters 1998, pp. 95-132.

Baumann, Martin, Alte Götter in neuer Heimat. Religionswissenschaftlichte Analyse zu Diaspora am Beispiel von Hindus auf Trinidad, Marburg: diagonal 2003, 356 p.

Baumann, Martin; Luchesi, Brigitte; Wilke, Annette (Hg.), Tempel und Tamilen in zweiter Heimat:

Hindus aus Sri Lanka im deutschsprachigen und skandinavischen Raum, gemeinsam mit Würzburg: Ergon, 2003, 500 p.

Benedict, Burton, Indians in a Plural Society: A Report on Mauritius, Colonial Office, Colonial Re- search Studies Nr. 34, London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office 1961.

Bharati, Agehananda, "The Hindu Renaissance and its Apologetic Patterns", in: The Journal of Asian Studies, 29, 2, 1970, pp. 267-287.

Bharati, Agehananda, The Asians in East Africa. Jayhind and Uhuru,Chicago: Nelson Hall 1972.

Bharati, Agehananda, "Ritualistic Tolerance and Ideological Rigour: The Paradigm of the Expatriate Hindus in East Africa", in: Contributions to Indian Sociology (NS), 10, 2, 1976, pp. 317-339.

Bhardwaj, Surinder M.; Rao, N. Madhusudana, "Emerging Hindu Pilgrimage in the United States: A Case Study", in: Surinder M. Bhardwaj, G. Rinschede (eds.), Pilgrimage in World Religions, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer 1988, pp. 159-188.

Bhatt, Purnima Mehta, "A History of Asians in Kenya, 1900-1970", Dissertation an der Faculty of the Graduate School of Howard University, Department of History, Washington,D. C. 1976; Ann Ar- bor, Mich.: University Microfilms Intern 1978.

Bilimoria, Purushottama, Hinduism in Australia: Mandala for the Gods, Melbourne: Spectrum Publ., Deakin University Press, 1989.

Bilimoria, Purushottama, The Hindus and Sikhs in Australia, hg. vom Bureau of Immigration, Multi- cultural and Population Research, Canberra: Australian Government Publ. Service, 1996.

Bilimoria, Purushottama, "The Australian South Asian Diaspora", in: John Hinnells (ed.), A New Handbook of Living Religions, Oxford, Cambridge, Mas.: Blackwell, 1997, pp. 728-755.

Bilimoria, Purushottama; Ganguly-Scrase, R., Indians in Victoria (Austr.): A Historical, Social and

Demographic Profile of Indian Immigrants, Victoria: Deahin University Press 1988.

Bowen, David (ed.), Hinduism in England, Bradford: Bradford College 1981.

Brennan, L.; Lal, Brij Victor, "Across the Kala Pani: Indian Overseas Migration and Settlement", in:

South Asia (extra edition), 21, 1998, pp. 1-237.

Burghart, Richard (ed.), Hinduism in Great Britain. The Perpetuation of Hinduism in an Alien Cultural Milieu, London, New York: Tavistock 1987.

Clarke, Colin G., East Indians in a West Indian Town. San Fernando, Trinidad, 1930-70, London:

Allen & Unwin 1986.

Clarke, Colin G., Peach, Ceri, Vertovec, Steven (eds.), South Asians Overseas: Migration and Ethnicity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990.

Coedès, Georges, The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, edited by Walter F. Vella, translated by Susan Brown Cowing, Honolulu: East-West Center Press 1968. revised edition from Les États hindouisés d'Indochine et d'Indonésie, Paris: Boccard 1964.

Collins, Elizabeth Fuller, Pierced by Murugan’s Lance. Ritual, Power, and Moral Redemption among Malaysian Hindus, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press 1997.

Coward, Harold, "The Religions of the South Asian Diaspora in Canada", in: John Hinnells (ed.), A New Handbook of Living Religions, Oxford, Cambridge, Mas.: Blackwell, 1997, pp. 775-795.

Coward, Harold; Hinnells, John; Williams, Raymond B. (eds.), The South Asian religious Diaspora in Britain, Canada, and the United States, New York: SUNY 2000, 301 p.

Dabydeen, David; Samaroo, Brinsley (eds.), India in the Caribbean, London: Hansib 1987.

Dabydeen, David; Samaroo, Brinsley (eds.), Across the Dark Waters. Ethnicity and Indian Identity in the Caribbean, London, Basingstoke: Macmillan 1996.

de Klerk, C.J.M., De immigratie der hindostanen in Suriname, Amsterdam: Urbi et orbi 1953.

de Lepervanche, Marie M., Indians in a White Australia. An Account of Race, Class and Indian Immi- gration to Eastern Australia, Sydney et al.: Allen & Unwin 1984.

Dech, Matthias, Hindus und Hindutum in Deutschland. Exemplarische Untersuchung anhand der Situation in Frankfurt a.M., Marburg: Microfiche 1998.

Dhaliwal, A. K., "Introduction: The Traveling Nation: India and its Diaspora", in: Socialist Review, 24, 4, 1994, pp. 1-11.

Diesel, Alleyn, "The Empowering Image of the Divine Mother: A South African Hindu Woman Wor- shipping the Goddess", in: Journal of Contemporary Religion, 13, 1, 1998, pp. 73-90.

Diesel, Alleyn; Maxwell, Patrick, Hinduism in Natal: A Brief Guide, Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 1993.

Eck, Diana L., On Common Ground. World Religions in America, CR-Rom, Columbia University Press 1997, updated 2

edition 2001.

Finger, Joachim, Gurus, Ashrams und der Westen. Eine religionswissenschaftliche Untersuchung zu den Hintergründen der Internationalisierung des Hinduismus, Frankfurt/Main et al.: Lang, 1987.

Firth, Shirley, Death, Dying and Bereavement in a British Hindu Community, Leuven, Belgium: Peet- ers 1997.

Ghai, D. P.; Ghai, Y. P. (eds.), Portrait of a Minority: Asians in East Africa, Nairobi: Oxford University Press 1970.

Ghosh, Amitav, "The Diaspora in Indian Culture", in: Public Culture, 2, 1, 1989, pp. 73-78.

Gillion, K. L., Fiji's Indian Migrants. A History to the End of Indenture in 1920, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1962, reprint. 1973.

Gillion, K. L., The Fiji Indians, Canberra: Australian National University Press 1977.

Goa, David J.; Coward, Harold G.; Neufeldt, Ronald, "Hindus in Alberta: A Study in Religious Continuity and Change", in: Canadian Ethnic Studies, 16, 1, 1984, pp. 96-113.

Gosine, Mahin, Caribbean East Indians in America: Assimilation, Adaptation and Group Experience,

New York: Windsor Pres, 1990s.

Gosine, Mahin (ed.), The East Indian Odyssey: Dilemmas of a Migrant People, New York: Windsor 1994.

Hazareesingh, K., History of Indians in Mauritius, London: Macmillian 1975.

Helweg, Arthur.W., "The Indian Diaspora: Influence on International Relations", in: Gabriel Sheffer (ed.), Modern Diasporas in International Politics, New York: St. Martin's Press 1986, pp. 103- 129.

Hinnells, John, "South Asian Diaspora Communities and Their Religion: A Comparative Study of Parsi Experiences", in: South Asia Research, 14, 1, 1994, pp. 62-104.

Hinnells, John, "Comparative Reflections on South Asian Religion in International Migration", in: John Hinnells (ed.), A New Handbook of Living Religions, Oxford, Cambridge, Mas.: Blackwell, 1997, pp. 819-847.

Hutter, Manfred (Hg.), Buddhisten und Hindus im deutschsprachigen Raum. Akten des Zweiten Grazer Religionswissenschaftlichen Symposiums. 2.-3. März 2000, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang 2001.

Jackson, Robert; Nesbitt, Eleanor, Hindu Children in Britain, Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham, 1993.

Jacobsen, Knut A., Kumar, Pratap (eds.), South Asians in the Diaspora. Histories and Religious Traditions, Leiden: Brill 2004.

Jain, Ravindra K., "A Civilisational Theory of Indian Diaspora and its Global Implications", in: The Eastern Anthropologist, 50, 3-4, 1997, pp. 347-355.

Jayaram, N., "Social Construction of the Other Indian: Encounters between Indian Nationals and Diasporic Indians", in: Journal of Social and Economic Development, 1, 1, 1998, pp. 46-63.

Jayaram, N., "The Metamorphosis of Caste among Trinidad Hindus", in: International Journal of Hindu Studies, 3, 1, 1999.

Jayawardena, Chandra, "Migration and Social Change: A Survey of Indian Communities Overseas", in: Geographical Review, 58, 1968, pp. 426-449.

Kanitkar, Helen A., "Bibliography: Hindus and Hinduism in Great Britain", in: Richard Burghart (ed.), Hinduism in Great Britain, London, New York: Tavistock, 1987, pp. 252-281.

Kent, Alexandra, Ambiguity and the Modern Order. The Sathya Sai Baba Movement in Malaysia, Göteborg: Department of Social Anthropology 2000. .

Kent, Alexandra, "Creating Divine Unity: Chinese Recruitment in the Sathya Sai Baba Movement of Malaysia", in: Journal of Contemporary Religion, 15, 1, 2000, pp. 5-27.

Klass, Morton, East Indians in Trinidad. A Study of Cultural Persistence, New York, London: Colum- bia University Press, 1961.

Klass, Morton, Singing with Sai Baba. The Politics of Revitalization in Trinidad, Boulder, San Fran- cisco, Oxford: Westview Press, 1991.

Knott, Kim, Hinduism in Leeds: A Study of Religious Practice in the Indian Hindu Community and in Hindu-Related Groups, Community Religions Project Monograph, University of Leeds, Leeds 1986, repr. 1994, 334 p.

Knott, Kim, "Strategies for Survival among South Asian Religions in Britain: Parallel Developments, Conflict and Cooperation", in: Conflict and Cooperation between Contemporary Religious Groups, hg. von Chuo Academic Research Institute, International Symposium Proceedings, To- kyo, 1988, pp. 95-128.

Knott, Kim, "Bound to Change? The Religions of South Asians in Britain", in: Steven Vertovec (ed.), Aspects of South Asian Diaspora, Papers on India, Vol. 2, Part 2, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. 86-111.

Kulke, Hermann, "Indian Colonies, Indianization or Cultural Convergence?", in: H. Schulte Nordholt (ed.), Onderzoeck in Zuidoost-Azië: Agenda's voor de Jaren Negentig, Leiden: Brill, 1990, pp. 8-32.

Kumar, Pratap, Hindus in South Africa. Their Traditions and Beliefs, Durban: University of Durban- Westville, 2000.

Kuper, L., Smith, M. G. (eds.), Asians in South Africa and Uganda. Pluralism in Africa, Berkeley 1969.

Kurian, George, Srivastava, Ram P. (eds.), Overseas Indians. A Study in Adaptation, New Delhi:

Vikas 1983.

Kurien, Prema, "Becoming American by Becoming Hindu: Indian Americans Take Their Place at the Multicultural Tabel", in: R. Stephen Warner, Judith G. Wittner (eds.), Gatherings in Diaspora.

Religious Communities and the New Immigration, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998, pp. 37-70.

La Guerre, John G. (ed.), Calcutta to Caroni. The East Indians in Trinidad, 2. erw. Aufl., St.

Augustine, Trinidad: University of the West Indies 1985.

Lahiri, Ajoy K., "Diaspora Hindus and Hinduism in Australia: A Sketch", in: Norman Habel (ed.), Religion and Multiculturalism in Australia. Essays in Honour of Victor Hayes, Adelaide: AASR, 1992, pp. 199-213.

Lal, Brij Victor, "The Odyssey of Indenture: Fragmentation and Reconstitution in the Indian Dias- pora", in: Diaspora, 5, 2, 1996, pp. 167-188.

Lal, Brij V., The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Paris: Editions Didier Millet 2006.

Laurence, K.O, A Question of Labour. Indentured Immigration into Trinidad and British Guiana 1875- 1917, Kingston: Ian Randle Publ., London: James Currey Publ 1994.

Lee, Raymond L. M., "Sai Baba, Salvation, and Syncretism: Religious Change in a Hindu Movement in Urban Malaysia", in: Contributions to Indian Sociology, 16, 1982, pp. 125-140.

Lee, Raymond L. M.; Rajoo, R., "Sanskritization and Indian Ethnicity in Malaysia", in: Modern Asian Studies, 21, 1987, pp. 389-415.

Lemon, Anthony, "The Indian Communities of East Africa and the Caribbean", in: Anthony Lemon, Norman Pollock (eds.), Studies in Overseas Settlement and Population, London, New York:

Longman, 1980, pp. 225-241.

Lemon, Anthony, "The political position of Indians in South Africa", in: Colin Clarke, Ceri Peach, Steven Vertovec (eds.), South Asians Overseas. Migration and Ethnicity, Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press, 1990, pp. 131-148.

Mahabir, Kumar, East Indian Women of Trinidad and Tobago. An Annotated Bibliography with Photo- graphs and Ephemera, San Juan, Trinidad: Chakra Publ, 1992.

Maharaj, Ashram B., The Pandits in Trinidad - A Study of a Hindu Institution, Couva, Trinidad: Indian Review Press 1991.

Mayer, Adrian C., Indians in Fiji, London: Oxford University Press 1963.

Mayer, Adrian C., Peasants in the Pacific: A Study of Fiji Indian Rural Society, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961, reprint 1973,

Maxwell, Patrick; Diesel, Alleyn; Naidoo, Thillay, "Hinduism in South Africa", in: Martin Prozesky, John de Gruchy (eds.), Living Faiths in South Africa, Claremont: Philip Publ. , 1995, pp. 177- 202.

Mearns, David James, Shiva's Other Children. Religion and Social Identity amongst Overseas Indi- ans, London: Sage, 1995.

Mialaret, J.P., Hinduism in Singapore, Singapur 1969.

Mishra, Vijay (ed.), Rama's Banishment: A Centenary Tribute to the Fiji Indians, 1879-1979, Auck- land: Heinemann Educational Books 1979.

Mishra, Vijay, "(B)ordering Naipaul: Indenture History and Diasporic Poetics", in: Diaspora, 5, 2, 1996, op. 189-237.

Morris, H. S., Indians in Uganda. A Study of Caste and Sect in a Plural Society, London: Weidenfeld, Nicholson 1968.

Motwani, Jagat K. et al. (eds.), Global Indian Diaspora: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, New York:

Global Organization of People of Indian Origin 1993.

Mukta, Parita, The Politics of Religious Nationalism and New Indian Historiography: Lessons for the Indian Diaspora, Research Paper in Ethnic Relations No. 23, Warwick: Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, 1995.

Nye, Malory, A Place for our Gods. The Construction of a Temple Community in Edinburgh, Rich- mond: Curzon 1995, 247 p.

Nye, Malory, Multiculturalism and Minority Religions: Krishna Consciousness, Freedom of Religion, and the Politics of Location, Richmond: Curzon Press, 2000.

O'Callaghan, Marion, "Hinduism in the Indian Diaspora in Trinidad", in: Hindu-Christian Studies Bulletin, 11, 1998, pp. 2-10.

Oonk, G. (ed.), Global Indian Diasporas. Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory, Amsterdam:

Amsterdam University Press for IJAS 2007.

Palmer, Susan Jean, Moon Sisters, Krishna Mothers, Rajneesh Lovers. Women's Roles in New Religions, New York: Syracuse University Press 1994.

Parekh, Bhikhu, "Some Reflections on the Hindu Diaspora", in: New Community, 20, 4, 1994, pp.

603-620.

Pocock, D. F., "Preservation of the Religious Life: Hindu Immigrants in England. A Swami Narayan Sect in London", in: Contributions to Indian Sociology (NS), 10, 2, 1976, pp. 341-365.

Prorok, Carolyn, Hindu Temples in Trinidad: A Cultural Geography of Religious Structures and Ethnic Identity, unpubl. Dissertation, Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University, 1988.

Prorok, Carolyn, "Patterns of Pilgrimage Behavior among Hindus of Trinidad", in: Surinder M. Bhard- waj, Gisbert Rinschede (eds.), Pilgrimage in World Religions, Berlin: Reimer, 1988, pp. 189- 199.

Prorok, Carolyn, "Evolution of the Hindu Temple in Trinidad", in: Caribbean Geography, 3, 2, 1991, pp. 73-93.

Rai, Amit S., "India On-line: Electronic Bulletin Boards and the Construction of a Diasporic Hindu Identity", in: Diaspora, 4, 1, 1995, pp. 31-57.

Rajagopal, A., "Transnational Networks and Hindu Nationalism", in: Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 29, 3, 1997, p. 45-58.

Ramesar, Marianne D. Soares, Survivors of Another Crossing. A History of East Indians in Trinidad, 1880-1946, St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of the West Indies, 1994.

Ramstedt, Martin, Diversity in Peril: Hinduism in Modern Indonesia. Transforming Local tradition into Global Religion?, Leiden: Brill 2001.

Rayaprol, A., Negotiating Identities: Women in the Indian Diaspora, Oxford, Delhi: Oxford University Press 1997.

Rukmani, T. S. (ed.), Hindu Diaspora. Global Perspectives, Montreal: Concordia University 1999.

Samaroo, Brinsley et al. (eds.), In Celebration of 150 Years of the Indian Contribution to Trinidad and Tobago, Arima, Trinidad: D. Quentrall-Thomas 1995.

Shadid, W.A.R.; Koningsveld, P.S. van (eds.), The Integration of Islam and Hinduism in Western Europe, Kampen: Kok Pharos Publishing House 1991.

Singaravélou, Les Indiens de la Guadeloupe, Bordeaux: Impremerie Deniaud, 1975.

Singaravélou, "Indian Religion in Guadeloupe, French West Indies", in: Caribbean Issues, 2, 3, 1976, pp. 39-51.

Singaravélou, Les Indiens de la Caraïbe, 3 Bände, Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987.

Singaravélou, "Indians in the French Overseas Departments: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion", in:

Colin Clarke, Ceri Peach, Steven Vertovec (eds.), South Asians Overseas. Migration and Eth- nicity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 75-87.

Sooklal, Anil, "The Hindu Diaspora. Challenge of the South African Context", in: Jan Platvoet, James

Cox, Jacob Olupona (eds.), The Study of Religions in Africa. Past, Present and Prospects,

Cambridge: Roots and Branches, 1996, p. 332-342.

Thomas, Terence, "Hindu Dharma in Dispersion", in: Gerald Parsons (ed.), The Growth of Religious Diversity. Britain from 1945, Vol. 1: Traditions, London: Routledge 1993, pp. 173-204.

Tinker, Hugh, A New System of Slavery. The Export of Indian Labour Overseas 1830-1920, London:

Oxford University Press 1974.

Tinker, Hugh, The Banyan Tree: Overseas Emigrants from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, Oxford:

Oxford University Press 1977.

van der Burg, Corstiaan J. G.; van der Veer, Peter T., "Pandits, Power and Profit; Religious Organi- zation and the Construction of Identity among the Surinamese Hindus", in: Ethnic and Racial Studies, 9, 4, 1986, pp. 514-529.

van der Burg, Corstiaan J. G., "Religion in an Alien Context: The Approach to Hinduism in a Western Society", in: Jerald Gort et al. (eds.), Dialogue and Syncretism, Amsterdam: Eerdmans Publ.

1989, pp. 188-199.

van der Burg, Corstiaan J. G.; Damsteeg, Theo; Autar, Krishna (eds.), Hindustanen in Nederland, Apeldoorn: Garant 1990.

van der Veer, Peter T. (ed.), Nation and Migration. The Politics of Space in the South Asian Diaspora, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 1995.

van Dijk, Alphons, "Hinduismus in Suriname und den Niederlande" in: Zeitschrift für Missionswissen- schaft und Religionswissenschaft, 80, 3, 1996, pp. 179-197.

Vedalankar, Pandit N.; Somera, M., Arya Samaj and Indians Abroad, New Delhi: Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha 1975.

Vertovec, Steven, "Hinduism in Diaspora: The Transformation of Tradition in Trinidad", in: G. D.

Sontheimer, H. Kulke (eds.), Hinduism Reconsidered, New Delhi: Manohar, 1989, pp. 152-179.

Vertovec, Steven (ed.), Aspects of South Asian Diaspora, Delhi: Oxford University Press, Papers on India, Vol. 2, Part 2, 1991.

Vertovec, Steven, "Community and Congregation in London Hindu Temples: Divergent Trends", in:

New Community, 18, 2, 1992, pp. 251-264.

Vertovec, Steven, The Hindu Diaspora. Comparative Patterns, London, New York: Routledge 2000, 190 p.

Vertovec, Steven, "Comparative Issues in the Hindu Diaspora", in: Diaspora, 7, 2, 1998.

Vingadassamy-Engel, Lotus, "The Hindu Diaspora in the French West-Indies", in: India International Centre Quaterly, 19, 3, 1992, pp. 6-20.

Visram, Rozina, Ayahs, Lascars and Princes: The Story of Indians in Britain 1700-1947, London:

Pluto, 1986.

Voigt-Graf, Carmen, Asian Communities in Tanzania: A Journey Through Past and Present Times, Hamburg: Institut für Afrika-Kunde, 1998.

Williams, Raymond Brady, Religions of Immigrants from India and Pakistan: New Threads in the American Tapestry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Williams, Raymond Brady (ed.), A Sacred Thread. Modern Transmission of Hindu Traditions in Indida and Abroad, Chambersburg: Anima Publ. , 1992.

Wood, M.R., "Hinduism in Vancouver: Adjustments in the Home, the Temple, and the Community", in:

K. Victor Ujimoto und Gordon Hirabayashi (eds.), Visible Minorities and Multiculturalism: Asians in Canada, Toronto: Butterworth 1980.

Zaidman, Nurit, "When the Deities are Asleep: Processes of Change in an American Hare Krishna Temple", in: Journal of Contemporary Religion, 12, 3, 1997, pp. 335-352.

Contact address:

Prof. Dr. Martin Baumann,

Department. for the Study of Religions

University of Lucerne, Kasernenplatz 3, 6003 Luzern

Tel. (++41) 041-228 7390; Fax: (++41) 041-228 7598

martin.baumann@unilu.ch; www.unilu.ch/relwiss