1272 Yaron

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1272 Yaron

Isr. deleg. to the 7th, 8th and 11th intl. congs. in Madison, Wise.

[1960], Bucharest [1964] and Edmonton [1978] respectively). A:

(1978) Jerusalem.

Biblio: "Studies on the Effect of Saline Irrigation Water on Sodium Adsorption and Permeability Characteristics of Cal- careous Soils" (diss, Jerusalem, 1954); "On the Origin and Ac- cumulation of Salts in Groundwater and in Soils of Israel,"

Bull, of Res. Coun. of Isr. (vol. 1 IG, 1963); "Weathering and Catenary Differentiation of Clay Minerals in Soils on Various Parent Materials in Israel," Proc. of the Intl. Clay Conf. (vols. I and 2; Isr. 1966); "Factors Affecting the Lithification of Eolian- ite and Interpretation of Its Environmental Significance in the Coastal Plain of Israel," Journ. of Sedimentary Petrology (vol.37, 1967); "Origin of Desert Loess," Etudes sur le Quater- naire dans le Monde (8th I.N.Q.U.A. Cong, Paris; vol.2, 1969); ed, Paleopedology—Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleo- sols (Jerusalem, 1971); "Vertical Variations in Strength and Porosity of Calcrete (nari) on Chalk and Interpretation of Its Origin," Journ. of Sedimentary Petrology (vol. 44, 1974); co- auth. The Soils of Israel, in Bulls. 147 (Hebrew) and 159 (Eng.) of Volcani Cent, Bet Dagan, Isr, 1975-76; list of publications in R.F.J.I. arch. Sources: Hand, Print, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

Yaron, Reuven (fmly. Rosenkranz), prof, of law; b. Vienna 6 Sept. 1924. E: 1939 Pal. F: Josef Mordechai Rosenkranz, b.

1888, d. 1967. M: Fanny Weinberger. °° 1953 Shoshana Cohen.

1939 emigr. to Pal. 1953-54 assist, 1954 M.J, Hebrew Univ.

1954-55 res. fel, Univ. Aberdeen, Scot. 1956 Ph.D, Oxford Univ. 1956-57 lect, Univ. Aberdeen. From 1957 mem. fac, He- brew Univ: 1957 sr. lect. in Roman law; 1962 sr. lect. in ancient Near Eastern law; 1963 assoc. prof, 1968- prof, 1967-71 dean of law fac; from 1973 also dir. Jewish Nat. and Univ. Libr. Vis.

prof: 1965-66 Univ. Aberdeen; 1971 New York Univ. Sch. of Law; 1972 Univ. California Sch. of Law, Berkeley. 1966-71 mem. exec, comm, Intl. Assn. of Professors and Lectures. Spec, in Roman and oriental (especially Jewish) law, esp. on their historical development and impact on each other. In his disser- tation, R. Y. described a considerable Hellenistic influence up- on Jewish laws concerning gifts in contemplation of death, but little purely Roman influence. Two books are devoted to specif- ic oriental legal sources, the laws of the Mesopotamian king- dom of Eshnunna and those of the 5th century B.C. Jewish papyri of Elephantine. Many of his English articles on Roman law were collected, revised, and translated into Hebrew in his Mebkarim. A:(I978) Jerusalem.

Biblio: Gifts in Contemplation of Death in Jewish and Roman Law (diss, Oxford, I960); Introduction to the Law of the Ara- maic Papyri (Oxford, 1961); HaMishpat shel Mismekhei Yeb (Laws of the Elephantine Documents; Jerusalem, 1961); Mish- pat Romi (Roman Law; Jerusalem, 1963/64); Mishpat Romi (Roman Law, Jerusalem, 1966/67); Mebkarim beMishpat Ro-

mi (Studies in Roman Law, Jerusalem, 1968); The Laws of Esh- nunna (Jerusalem, 1969); contrib. to Festschrift for — David Daube (1974) and to schol. journs. Sources: Hand, News, Print. - R.F.J.I.

Yekutiel, Perez (fmly. Jacusiel), physician, medical adminis- trator; b. Berlin 23 Feb. 1911. E: 1935 Pal. F Max Jacusiel. M:

Margarete. C: 3 children.

4 yrs. studied med, Univ. Berlin; studies interrupted by Nazi accession to power. 1934 emigr. to It. 1934-35 studied med, Univ. Rome; 1935 M.D. 1935 emigr. to Pal. with A-I cert. 1938 att. Univ. Liverpool Sch. of Tropical Med, U.K. 1942-46 major in Brit. Royal Army Med. Corps. 1946-48 field epidemiologist, hygiene serv, Vaad Leummi, Hadassah, and Kuppat Holim.

1949-57 dir, epidemiology div, Isr. Min. of Health. 1952 att.

Harvard Univ. Sch. of Pub. Health. 1958-67 with W.H.O, Geneva. 1967-77 assoc. prof, of epidemiology, Tel Aviv Univ;

epidemiology consult, Cent. Kuppat Holim, Tel Aviv. Mem:

Royal Soc. of Tropical Med; Delta-Omega public health soc, U.S; Int. Epidemiological Assn; W.H.O. Expert Panel on Ma- laria. A: (1977) Kefar Vitkin, Isr.

Biblio: Contrib. arts, on epidemiology to med. journs. in Isr.

and abroad. Sources: Hand, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

z

Zabotin, Wladimir Lukianowitsch von (Vladimir Zapotin), painter; b. Bushinka Nemirovskaya, Podolia, Russ. 19 July

1884, d. Karlsruhe, Baden, Fed. Repub. Ger E: 1939 It, 1944 U.S, 1955 Fed. Repub. Ger. ~ Jewish.

Att. Gym. and Polytech. Inst, Kiev; sec. studies in bldg. tech- nol; att. art sch. 1904 after sch. was closed because of student unrest study trip to Rome via Paris. 1906 moved to Karlsruhe;

until 1909 cont. archit. studies at T.H. Karlsruhe. 1908-14 studied art under Fehr and Trübner at Acad, of Fine Arts, Karls- ruhe; 1913-14 master student under Wilhelm Trübner. 1913 first exhib. in Baden-Baden. 1914 at beginning of W.W.I interned, released after intervention of Trübner; from 1917 first non-figurative paintings. 1919 co-fdr. of Karlsruhe artist group

" R i h " with Georg Scholz, Oskar Fischer, Rudolf Schlichter, Ju- lius Casper, Willi Müller-Hufschmid, and others. Mem. No- vembergruppe, with " R i h " partic. in its Berlin exhib, and at Gal. Goldschmidt Frankfurt/M. 1923 partic. in Grosse Deut.

Kunstausstellung Karlsruhe. 1926, 1929exhibs. at Darmstädter Sezession, 1926-29 became a mem. there. Occasional stays in Berlin; 1927 travelled to S. Fr, and Paris. 1933-34 forbidden to exhibit or sell works; works confiscated; expelled from R.K.B.K. 1937 travelled to It. and Yugo; 1938 last vis. to estate in Russ. 1939 emigr. to It. with Jewish wife to avoid impending deportation; there interned, 1943 liberated. 1944 emigr. to U.S.

1944-45 resid. in New York. 1955 returned to Fed. Repub. Ger, first resid. in F r a n k f u r t / M , then Karlsruhe. 1955 retrospective exhib. at Kunstver, Karlsruhe, 1965 at Kunsthalle Pforzheim;

partic. in group exhib. 1959 exhibs. in F r a n k f u r t / M ("The Con- tribution of Russians to Modern Art") and 1967 at Acad, of Fine Arts, W. Berlin ("Avantgarde 1910-1930 Osteuropa").

Lit: Th.B. (vol. 36, 1947); Vollmer (vol. 5, 1961); Avantgarde 1910-1930 Osteuropa. Acad, of Fine Arts cat. (W. Berlin, 1967);

Schmied, Sachlichkeit: Georg Scholz, cat. (Karlsruhe, 1975);

"Karlsruhe 1900-1950," Badischer Kunstver. cat. (Karlsruhe, 1981). Sources: Arch, Hand. Print. — IfZ.

Zade, Hans Peter, engineer; b. Immigrath near Cologne, Rhineland, Ger. 9 June 1907. R: Jewish. E: 1938 U.K. Cit:

1947 U K, fmly. Ger. F: Hugo Z, b. Berlin 1880, d. Auschwitz concentration camp 1944, Jewish, physician. M: Martha Fla- tauer, b. Königsberg, E. Prussia, Ger. (Kaliningrad, U.S.S.R.)

1883, d. Auschwitz concentration camp 1944, Jewish, painter, sculptor. S : Ursula, b. Immigrath 1912, d. Auschwitz concentration camp 1944, physician, oo 1940 Anne Lilienfeld, b. Ham- burg 1909, Jewish, 1938 to U.K. to join H.Z, 1938-39 domestic serv, then 10 yrs. part-time teaching at Horsham Sch. of the Arts. C: Steven Z, b. London 1944, teacher, a: Leeds, U.K.

1926-30 att. T.H. Berlin; 1930 Dipl.-Ing. 1930-33 att. T.H.

Aachen; 1933 Dr. Ing. Postdoctoral work in elec. engr, T.H.

Aachen. 1935-37 designer of arc welding equipment and ex- truders, Neumann and Co, Berlin. 1938 emigr. to Eng. 1938-46 designer of welding equipment, Arc Mfg. Co, London. Con- curr. 1940 interned for 3 mos; released with assist of co. 1946- 50 designer, Redifon Ltd, London. 1950-72 chief engr, then dir. and gen. mgr, Rediweld Ltd, Crawley. 1972- consult, engr, freelance translator and interpreter. Res. in electronics engineering; cathode rays; high voltage. Mem: I.E.E.E. (1947);

Inst, of Plastics (1947); Intl. Inst, of Welding (deleg. for U.K.

1960). A: (1975) Crawley, Sussex, Eng.

Biblio: Co-auth, Welding of Plastics (London, 1947); Heat- sealing and High Frequency Welding of Plastics (London, 1959);

Thermisches und Hochfrequenzschweissen von Kunststoffen (Munich, 1959); Welding Transformers and Rectifiers (London, 1967); also publ. on plastics and plastics processing in Eng, Ger, Fr, and Dutch tech. journs. Arch: S.P.S.L. Sources: Arch, Hand, Print, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

Zadek, Hildegard (Hilde), opera singer (soprano), music teacher; b. Bromberg, Posen, Ger. (Bydgoszcz, Pol.) 15 Dec.

1917. R: Jewish. E: 1935 Pal, 1945 Switz, 1947 Aus. Cit: 1948

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Zahorsky 1273

Aus, fmly. Ger, 1939 Pal. F: Alex A, b. 1887, d 1973, Jewish, merchant. M: Elisabeth Freundlich, Jewish, businesswoman.

S: Ruth Fast, b. Stettin, Pomerania, Ger. (Szczecin, Pol.) 1920, seamstress, a: U S; Edith Rosencrantz, b. Stettin 1925, seamstress, a: U.S. oo (none). C: (none).

1924-34 att. Gym, Stettin. Six months Hachscharah training, Munich. 1935 emigr. to Pal. 1936-37 studied baby nursing, Jerusalem. 1937-45 baby nurse in hosp. clinic as well as pri- vately. 1940-45 studied singing with — Rose Pauly and at Mu- sic Acad, Jerusalem. 1945 emigr. to Switz. 1945-47 studied singing with Ria Ginster, Cons. Zurich. 1947 returned to Aus.

1947 debut at Vienna Staatsoper under Henry Josef Krips as Ai'da. 1947-72 soprano roles incl. Ai'da, Desdemona, Tosca, Donna Anna, Fidelio, etc; 1951 Kammersängerin. Concurr.

1964- Prof, of singing at Konservatorium, Vienna. Guest appearances: 1948, 1949, 1955, I960 Salzburg Fest; 1949 Maggio Musicale, Florence; 1950, 1951 Glyndebourne and Edinburgh Fests. and many other fests. and opera houses in Eur, S. Afr.

and S. Am. 1950 mem. Covent Garden Opera, London, and 1952 mem. Metropolitan Opera, New York. Performed Lieder.

Collab. on film "Unsterblicher Mozart." Reed: Ehrenkreuz, 1st class für Kunst und Wissenschaft, Aus. (1966); title of Prof.

(1971). Recordings: Philipps, Decca. A: (1981) Vienna.

Sources: Hand, Print, Qu. - R.F.J.1.

Zadek, Peter M(ax), stage director, theater manager, b. Berlin 19 May 1926. R: Jewish. E: 1933 U.K. 1959 Fed. Repub. Ger.

Cit: U.K. fmly. Ger. F: Paul Z, b. Ger, d. U.K, Jewish, busi- nessman, 1933 to U.K. S: Douglas, potter, a: 1975 U.K.

« G i t t a Blumenthal, film ed, auth, div. C: Michele, b. 1954, a:

1975 U . K ; Simon, b. 1957, a: 1975 U.K.

1933 emigr. to U.K. with fam. Studied drama, music and längs, Oxford Univ; studied acting and dir. at the Old Vic Theatre Sch, London. 1945 staged plays, incl. for the Experi- mental Drama Club of the F.D.K.B. 1949-59 film cutter and dir. of many films for B.B.C.-T.V. Prod, for theater in London, incl. 1957 the première of Jean Genet's Le Balcon. 1959 returned to Fed. Repub. Ger. Dir. incl. in Cologne. Hannover, Kassel, Ulm and W. Berlin. Num. exp. and provocative prods, of classical and mod. plays incl. by Shakespeare, Brendan Be- han, Eugène Ionesco and Tankred Dorst, mostly in collab.

with stage designer Wilfried Minks, and Intendant Kurt Hübner. 1963-67 acting dir. at the Theater der Freien Hanse- stadt, Bremen. Guest perfs. with the Bremen Theater incl. theater fests. in W. Berlin and Paris. 1967- main activities for film and T.V, incl. first cinema film, Ich bin ein Elephant. Madame (1968); also T.V. movies Rotmord (1969) and Der Pott (1971), in which the technical/aesthetic/dramaturgic possibilities of the medium were employed for the first time through electronic alienation effects. 1971-75 Intendant, Schauspielhaus, Bo- chum; engaged avant-garde dirs. incl. Rainer Werner Fassbin- der and Werner Schroeter; attempted to win a new audience through a policy of lower prices and popular locations for per- formances. 1975-80 stage mgr. at var. theaters incl. Schauspiel- haus, Bochum, Deut. Schauspielhaus, Hamburg, and Freie Volksbühne, W. Berlin. Num. spectacular prods, incl. Shake- speare's Ein Wintermärchen (A Winter s Tale) for the Hamburg Shakespeare Week 1978. T.V. work and 1979 also dir. of Udo Lindenberg's rock tour, Dröhnland-Rock-Revue. Recd: Nat.

Film Prize/Filmband in Gold; Silver Bear, W. Berlin Film Fest, (both 1969 for Ich bin ein Elefant, Madame); Adolf Grim- me Prize in Gold and Florence Prize, for Rotmord (both 1970);

Adolf Grimme Prize in Silver (for Der Pott [1972]). A; (1980) W. Berlin.

Biblio: Co-auth, Rotmord oder I was a German (Munich, 1969); others. Lit: Schwarz, Regie: Günter Rühle, Theater in unserer Zeit (Frankfurt/M. 1976); Friedrich, Theater: Daiber, Theater: Renate Schmidt, "Das Volkstheater von Zadek im Spiegel der Presserezensionen" (M.A. thesis, Ruhr-Univ. Bo- chum, 1976 in progress); Trilse, Hammer, Kabel, Theaterlexi- kon; Volker Canaris, Peter Zadek: Der Theatermann und Filme- macher. biog. (Munich, 1979). Sources: Arch, Hand, News, Print, Qu. — IfZ.

Zador, Eugene (fmly. Jenö or Eugen Zucker), composer;

b. Bätaszek, Hung. 5 Nov. 1894. E: 1939 U.S. F: Josef Z, b. 1857, farmer. M: Pauline Boermann, b. 1866. co 1946 Maria.

C. Leslie, b. 1948.

1911-12 studied music at A.M.d.K, Vienna with Richard Heuberger. 1913-14 studied composition, Leipzig, with Max Reger. Concurr. studied musicol. with Hermann Albert, Fritz Volbach and Arnold Schering. 1915-20 music critic, Fünfkirchner Tageblatt Pecs, Hung. 1921 Dr. phil, Univ.

Münster, Ger. 1922-38 teacher of composition. New Cons, Vienna. 1933 recd. State Prize for piano quintet. 1934 recd. title of hon. prof, Budapest Acad, of Music. 1939 emigr. to U.S.

From 1940 priv. teacher, composer in Hollywood, Calif, also orch. music for films and broadcasting. 1969 on occasion of Zädor's 75th birthday var. concerts of his and other composers' music were presented in his hon. by California Chamber Symph. at U.C.L.A. and by S. California Mormon Choir at Los Angeles County Mus. Noted for use of Hungarian and classical styles in compositions. A: Hollywood.

Biblio: "Wesen und Form der symphonischen Dichtung von Liszt bis Strauss" (diss, Univ. Münster, 1921). Works: Operas, Diana (Budapest, 1923); A holtak szigete (The Island of the Dead; Budapest, 1928); X-mal Rembrandt (Budapest, 1930);

Dornröschens Erwachen (Saarbrücken, 1931); The Inspector.

after Gogol (Saarbrücken, 1935); Azra (Budapest, 1936);

Christoph Columbus, libretto by Archduke Joseph Franz (1939); The Virgin and the Fawn, one act (Los Angeles, 1964);

The Magic Chair, one act (Baton Rouge, La, 1966); The Scarlett Mill, one act (Brooklyn, New York, 1968); Yehu (New York, 1974). Ballet, A gepember (The Machine-Man; 1934). Orch.

works incl. Bank ban. symph. poem (1918); Romantische Symphonie (1922); Variations on a Hungarian Folksong {1928);

Sinfonia technia (1931); Tanzsymphonie (1936); Children's Symphony (1941); Biblical Triptych, dedicated to —• Thomas Mann (1943); Fuge-Fantasia (1958); Rhapsody (Los Angeles, 1961); Variations on a Merry Tune Suit for Eight Celli (1966);

Music for Clarinet and Strings (St. Louis, Mo, 1970); Fantasia Hungarica. for double bass and orch. (1920); for extensive list of works see M.G.G. (vols. 15, 16). Lit: Donald Tovey, Essays in Musical Analysis, vol. 4 (London, 1939). Arch: Perf. Arts Res. Cent, Lincoln Cent, New York. Sources: Arch, Hand, News, Print. — R.F.J.I.

Zahn, Lola (Helene) née Golodez, prof, of economics; b. Ham- burg 9 Aug. 1910. E: 1933 Fr, 1941 U.S. 1947 Ger. (Soviet Oc- cup. Zone). F: Leiser Golodez, Jewish, Dr. phil. ehem. M : Krei- na Malka Mirkin, Jewish, oo Married. C: 2.

Att. Univs. Hamburg, Freiburg/Breisgau and Paris. Polit, in- volvement in student movt. 1933 emigr. to Fr. 1941 emigr. to U.S. 1947 returned to Ger. (Soviet Occup. Zone). 1947-50 prof, ofecon. planning, Univ. Rostock.

Biblio: L'Economie planiflde en URSS et l'Economie dirigée aux Etats Unis (Paris, 1937); ed, Claude-Henri de Saint-Simon.

Ausgewählte Schriften (Berlin, 1977); Charles Fourier, Ökono- misch-philosophische Schriften (Berlin, 1980). Sources: Arch, Hand. - IfZ.

Zahorsky, Anton M. (pseud. Anton Suchodolski), journalist, author; b. Triest, Aus. (Trieste, It.) 28 Oct. 1900. R: Roman Catholic. E: 1939 It, 1956 Aus. Cit: 1946 Aus, fmly. 1918-35 C.S.R, 1938-45 Ger. F: Anton Kaspar Z, b. Prague 1867, d.

Trieste 1952, Roman Catholic, Dr. med, physician. M: Maria Luise Suchodolski, b. Constantinople (Istanbul) 1859, d.

Trieste 1951, Roman Catholic. S. Marika Custer, d. Munich 1956, lab. assist; Emma Custer, d. Trieste 1965, Dr. phil; Robert Custer, factory dir. in Buenos Aires; Alfred Custer, d. Trieste 1939, off. oo 1948 Angela Obwexer, b. Matrei, Tyrol. Aus. 1913, Roman Catholic. C. (none).

1919 Abitur, Trieste. Studied philos, sociol, hist, and journ, at Univ. Vienna, Business Acad, Trieste, Univs. Munich and F r a n k f u r t / M ; 1929 Dr. phil, Univ. Frankfurt. 1936 interpreter's dipl, Univ. Vienna. 1930-32 ed, München-Augsburger Abendzei- tung in Munich. 1932-35 freelance journ. in Switz, It, and Aus.

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1274 Zahraddnik

1935-38 It. expert in press dept. of Fed. Chancellor's office in Vienna. 1938 imprisoned by Gestapo. July 1939 emigr. to Trieste. 1943-45 in Venice. Active as trans. 1945 collab. Aus.

Off. in Rome, thereafter chief interpreter of allied milit. off. in Venice and in Free State of Trieste. 1949-50 interpreter for Fr.

occup. admin, in Innsbruck. 1956 emigr. to Aus. 1956-57 ed, Kleine Zeitung in Klagenfurt. 1958-66 ed. and trans, for Aus.

Fed. Press Agcy, Vienna. Concurr. freelance contrib. to Aus.

and It. papers; writer and trans. Promoted Aus.-It. lit. ex- change. 1973- active in Gorizia Mid-European Cultural En- counters. Mem: S.P.Ö. (1954). Reed: Aus. title of prof. (1973).

A: (1980) Vienna.

Biblio: TriesI - Schicksal einer Stadl (Vienna, n.d.); other works. Sources: Arch, Qu. — IfZ.

Zahraddnik, Carl, painter, graphic artist; b. Vienna 17 Nov.

1909. E: 1938 Switz, Den. and Fr, 1943 It, 1945 Aus. Cit: Aus.

M: From Salzburg. S : Rosa, b. Vienna 1912; Gertrude, b. Vien- na 1918, a: Salzburg. <*> I. 1945 Mirjam van Lier, b. Amster- dam 1907, d. Vienna 1959; II. 1972 Tilla Dirmheim, b. 1935. C:

2 dtrs, b. Vienna 1937 and 1962.

1921-28 att. sec. sch, then. att. drawing classes at Vienna Volkshochsch; concurr. training in archit. off. From 1931 partic. in joint exhib. in Budapest. 1936 first exhib. in Vienna, partic. in joint exhib. of Hagenbund. Mem. K.P.Ö. (?). 1936-37 mem. artist group (with Otto Basel), ed. of its journ. Plan, Vien- na. Apr. 1938 emigr. to Switz, June 1938 to Den, Oct. 1938 emigr. via Paris to Grasse/S. Fr. Estate mgr. near Grasse; contact with Willi B r e d e l , A l f r e d Kantorowicz a n d E g o n Erwin Kisch: concurr. work on anti-fascist series incl. "Toten- tanz 1938." Sept. 1939 interned in Antibes, Les Milles, Forcal- quier and Nîmes. In Antibes camp co-fdr. and active mem. of illegal Communist group, with the brothers Kurz, Eidinger, Blaukopf, *Egon Kodicek, among others. 1940 prestataire in Le Mans and Rennes; contact with resistance. Illegal return to Grasse following ceasefire, then to Nice; active in resistance.

July 1943 (after fall of Mussolini) emigr. from Grasse to It. Ar- rested twice by Italians and Germans after crossing border;

first imprisoned in Cuneo, then near Florence. Released, then illegal stay in Florence; re-arrested, imprisoned, then at Bagno a Ripoli near Florence. Apr. 1944 It. secret police turned C.Z.

over to Gestapo; then transferred to milit. command; several weeks serv. as civilian worker at Florence command post while identity was checked; escaped. Aug. 1944 contacted It. parti- sans. Interpreter for Divisione Arno, later Potente Florence;

commando mem, contact to Brit, occup. forces; worked on Free Aus. World Movt. (F.A.W.M.) mag, Zeitspiegel, London.

After liberation worked as interpreter, cook and gas station at- tendant. Jan. 1945 in Rome, contact with Aus. resistance movt, elected secy, of F.A.W.M; co-worker with Franz Theodor Csokor, -» Alexander von Sacher-Masoch and *Egon Berger- Waldenegg, among others. Sept. 1945 returned to Vienna.

From 1947 mem, later press spokesman, Berufsver. Bildender Künstler österr. Worked as interpreter at intl. confs. of the In- ternationale Föderation der Widerstandskämpfer in Vienna, Switz, Den. and Fr, and other countries; there also temp. ed. of Der Widerstandskämpfer {'!). Later freelance artist in Vienna and Wischathal, Lower Aus, spec, in landscape paintings and portraits. 1963, 1964, 1967- exhib. in Vienna; 1974 partie, in

"Kunst im Widerstand", Dresden, and 1975 in "30. Jahrestag der Befreiung Österreichs," Wiener Künstlerhaus. 1976 fdr. of Galerie im Bauernhof at Wischathal. Recd. Garibaldi Medal;

Hon. Badge for Merits in the Liberation of Aus.

Ut: Frommhold, Kunst im Widerstand: Heimatmuseum Floridsdorf, Vienna, cat. (1974); C.Z, own ed. (Vienna, n.d.);

Die uns verliessen, cat, österr. Galerie Vienna (1980). Arch:

D.Ö.W. Sources: Arch, Print, Qu. — IfZ.

Zik, Frederick Gerard, pathologist; b. Vienna 13 Feb. 1915. R:

1972 Unitarian Universalis!, fmly. Roman Catholic. E: 1939 Switz, 1939 U.S. Cit: 1941 U.S, fmly. Aus. F: Emil Rudolf Z, b. Brunn, Moravia, Aus. (Brno, C.S.S.R.) 1877, d. New York 1949, Roman Catholic, Dr. med, physician, prof, of med, 1939

to U.K. with wife, 1940 to U.S. M: Margarete Hofmann, b. Vienna 1891, Protestant, Dipl. in archit, a: New York. S.

George, b. Vienna 1913, Dr. med, physician. 1939 to U.K, a:

New York, oo 1958 Sylvia Bonta, b. Budapest 1926, Unitarian, fmly. Roman Catholic, univ. educ, res. biochem. in pharmaceut.

indus, 1947 to U.S, 1947(48?) to Braz, 1955 to U.S. C: Vivien, b. New York I960; Ronald, b. New York 1962, both students.

1925-33 att. Schottengym, Vienna. 1933-38 att. Univ. Vienna Sch. of Med. Nov. 1938-Jan. 1939 arrested and interned in Dachau concentration camp. Feb. 1939 emigr. to Switz. with brother; aided by friends and Catholic Charities in Basel. 1939 Dr. med, Univ. Basel. Dec. 1939 emigr. to U.S; aided by friends and rels. 1940-41 fel. in exp. surg, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med. 1941-42 treatment in sanitarium in New York for tuber- culosis; aided by Jewish Philanthropic Org, Baltimore, Md, and friends. 1943-56 with Mt. Sinai Hosp, New York: 1943-44 resid. in pathol, 1944-45 Dazian fel. in pathol, 1945-46 assist, pathol, 1946-52 res. assist, in pathol, 1952-56 res. assist, in neu- ropatho!. 1947-52 res. assist, and fel. in dermat. and syphilol- ogy, New York Skin and Cancer Unit, New York Univ. Med.

Cent, New York. 1948 Dipl. in pathol. anat, Am. Bd. of Pathol.

1949-51 pathol, Knickerbocker Hosp, New York. 1951 Am.

Cancer fel. in exfoliative cytology, Cornell Med. Coll, New York. 1950-53 chief, clin. lab, Veteran's Admin. Regional Off, Brooklyn, New York; 1952 Dipl. in clin. pathol, Am. Bd. of Pa- thol; 1952-53 assoc. pathol, Wyckoff Heights Hosp. and neuro- pathol, Kings County Hosp, both Brooklyn. 1952-55 lect. in pathol, Downstate Med. Cent, S.U.N. Y, Brooklyn. 1953 cert, pathol, N.Y. State. 1953-56 pathol. and dir. of labs, North Shore Hosp, Manhasset, N.Y. 1955-56 sr. pathol. Veteran's Admin.

Hosp, Brooklyn. 1955-64 assoc. clin. prof, of pathol, Down- state Med. Cent, S.U.N.Y. 1957-64 assoc. att. pathol, Mt. Sinai Hosp, New York. 1962-64 vis. pathol, Greenpoint Hosp, Brooklyn. From 1964 mem. fac, New York Med. Coll, New York: 1964-68 prof, of pathol, 1968- clin. prof, of pathol.

From 1968 clin. prof, of pathol, Downstate Med. Cent.

S.U.N.Y. and chief of anatomic pathol, Methodist Hosp, both in Brooklyn. From 1970 lect. in otolaryngic pathol, Mt. Sinai Sch. of Med, New York. Mem. ed. bd, Bull of New York Acad, of Med. Spec, in experimental pathology, esp. of tumors and cancers, and in laryngeal pathology; res. on vascular and skin diseases. Fel: Coll. of Am. Pathol; New York Acad, of Med;

A.M. A. Mem: Am. Assn. of Pathol. and Bacterid; Am. Soc. of Clin. Pathol; Intl. Acad, of Pathol; Am. Assn. for Cancer Res;

Am. Soc. for Dermatopathol; Found, for Advancement of Med. Knowledge (mem. med. comm.); others. Recd: Lucien Howe Prize Essay, N.Y. State Med. Soc. (1953); co-recipient, Bronze Medal for exhib. on laryngeal cancer, A.M.A. (1968).

A: (1975) New York.

Biblio: Contrib. more than 90 arts, to prof, journs. incl. The Laryngoscope, Am. Journ. of Med, Journ. of A.M.A, Journ. of Ml. Sinai Hosp: for complete biblio. to 1975 see R.F.J.I. arch.

Sources: Hand, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

Zander, Hans, musician; b. Berlin 1888, d. Sydney Dec. 1951.

R: Jewish. E: 1939 U.K, 1945 Aust. Cit: Orig. Ger.

Att. Hochsch. für Musik, Berlin. 1913-33 cond. Städtische Oper, Berlin-Charlottenburg. Concurr: 1919-33 assist, to Generalintendant, Staatsoper, Berlin. 1933-38 admin, dir, Jüdischer Kulturbund, Berlin. 1939 emigr. to U.K. Temporary pianist with Kurt Jooss Ballet, London. 1939-45 several tours in entertainment units for troops. May 1945 went to Mel- bourne. Played notable role in presentation of operas for the National Theatre. 1947- cond, National Opera, Sydney.

Lit: Herbert Freeden, Jüdisches Theater in Nazideutschland (Tubingen, 1964). Sources: E.G.L, Pers. — R.F.J.I.

Zander, Helmut A, prof, of dentistry; b. Bautzen, Saxony, Ger.

25 Oct. 1912. E: 1934 U.S. Cit: U.S. F: D.W.W.I in serv. with Ger. Army. M: Dec. Ernst Z, M.D, physician, a: New York, oo 1942 Annemarie Fogels. C: Elizabeth Hope, b.1942; John Davy, b. 1944; Christine Nancy, b.1952; Mary Robert, b. 1952.

1934 D.M.D, Univ. Würzburg. 1934 emigr. to U.S. because

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of Jewish descent. Odd jobs incl. dishwasher and bartender.

(?)-1942 with Northwestern Univ,Chicago; 1938 D.D.S; 1938- 40 assist, in children's dent; 1939 novice award (E.H. Hatton Award), Intl. Assn. for Dent. Res; 1940 M S, 1940-42 assoc.

res, oral pathol. 1942-51 mem. fac, Tufts Univ, Boston: 1942 assist. prof, of clin. dent, 1944 assoc. prof, and chmn, dept. of oral diagnosis, 1947 prof, and chmn, dept. of oral pediatrics. Con- curr: 1947- consult, to dir, Nat. Inst, of Dent. Res, Bethesda, Md. 1949-54 serv, U.S.P.H.S. 1951-57 prof, and chmn, div. of periodontology, Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis. From 1957 chmn, dept. of periodontology, Eastman Dent. Cent, Roches- ter, N.Y. 1963 Fulbright prof, Madras Med. Coll, India. 1966- mem. fac, Sch. of Med. and Dent, Univ. Rochester; 1966 assoc.

prof, of dent, 1972- prof, of clin. dent, and dent. res. 1969 vis.

schol. at Fac. of Med, Univ. Dundee, Scot. Res. on preventive dentistry and periodontology. Mem: Intl. Assn. for Dent. Res.

(pres, N. Am. div. 1972-73); A.A.A.S; Soc. for Exp. Biol, and Med; Sigma Xi. Hon. mem: Dent. Assn. S. Afr; Dent. Forum;

Mass. Soc. of Dent, for Children; Am. Acad, of Periodontol- ogy (fel ); Omicron Kappa Epsilon. Reed: Basic. Res. in Peri- odontal Disease Award, Intl. Assn. Dent. Res. (1967); Hon.

Doctor's Degree, Fac. of Med, Univ. Zurich (1972); Intl.

Award for Dent. Res, Mass. Dent. Soc. (1974). A: (1975) Ro- chester.

Biblio: Contrib. more than 100 arts, to sci. journs. incl. Journ.

of Periodontology, Journ. of Dent. Res, and Intl. Denl. Journ.

Sources: Hand, Pers. — R.F.J.I.

Zarek, Otto (pseud. Ferdinand Mayr-Ofen), writer, Drama- turg, stage director; b. Berlin 20 Feb. 1898, d. W. Berlin 21 Aug.

1958. R: Jewish. E: 1933 Hung, 1938 U.K. 1954 Fed. Repub.

Ger. F: Edmund Z. M: Bertha Kitzinger, oo (none).

Studied in Munich. Studied dir. with Otto Falckenberg, Mu- nich and -* Max Reinhardt. Early publ. of dramas. 1920-22 head Dramaturg, Kammerspiele, Munich. Moved to Berlin, be- coming dramaturgical adv. and reader for the Kammerspiele.

1925-33 head Dramaturg at Franz Saltenburg's theaters in Berlin. Radio broadcasts in Berlin and Breslau, Silesia (Wroc- law, Pol ). 1933 emigr. to Hung. Corresp. for the National- Zeitung, Basel among other periods. 1938 emigr. to U.K.

1940-42 serv. in British Army's Pioneer Corps; 1943-48 mainly in Polit. Intell. Division; for a time under Lord Vansittart, and in the Afr. Forces Headquarters; finally in the Prisoner-of-War Division. 1945-48 contrib. to the Ger. dept. of the B.B.C.

1948-49 several mos. in New York; unable to get established.

1948-54 pub. rel. work for the Childrens' and Youth Aliyah, London. 1954 returned to W. Berlin. Head of press dept. of Schiller-Theater and Schlosspark-Theater, W. Berlin; later also for the cultural activities of the Jewish cmty, W. Berlin. Con- trib. to Jewish newspapers and var. Ger. radio stations. Author of works on cultural and current affairs. Mem: Ger. P.E.N.

Club, London; S.D.S. Reed: Ehrenpreis, Das junge Deut, Ber- lin (1921); Kleistpreis (1922).

Biblio: Kaiser Karl V, play (Munich, 1918); Die Flucht, sto- ries (Munich, 1919); David, play (Munich, 1921); Begierde: Ro- man einer Weltstadtjugend (Berlin, 1930); Treue, novel (Vien- na, 1933); Liebe auf dem Semmering, novel (Vienna, 1934; Zu- rich, 1935); Kossuth (Zurich, 1935; Eng. ed, London, 1937;

Hung.); Moses Mendelssohn (Amsterdam, 1936); Ludwig II.

von Bayern: Das Leben eines tragischen Schwärmers (Vienna, 1937; Eng. ed, London, 1938; New York, 1939); Die Geschichte Ungarns (Zurich, 1938; Eng. ed, London, 1939); German Odys- sey (London, 1941; publ. as Splendour and Shame [New York, 1941); German Kultur (London, 1942); The Quakers (London, 1944). Lit: Norman Bentwich, I Understand the Risks (Lon- don, 1950); Kürschner, Theater: Durzak, Exilliteratur: Petzet, Kammerspiele; P.E.M. Sources: Biblio, E.G.L, Hand, Print.

- IfZ.

Zatzkis, Henry, prof, of mathematics and theoretical physics;

b. Holzminden, Brunswick, Ger. 7 Apr. 1915. E: 1940 U.S. Cit:

1946 U.S. F: Markus Z. M: Lifscha Eber. ~ 1951 Natalie F.

Serlin. C: Mark; David.

1934-37 att. Univ. Heidelberg. 1940 emigr. to U.S. 1942 B.S, Ohio State Univ. 1942-44 student and instr. in phys, Indiana Univ; 1944 M.S. 1944-46 instr. in phys, Univ. North Carolina.

1946-51 student and instr. in math, Syracuse Univ, N . Y ; 1950 Ph.D. in phys. 1951-53 instr, in math, Univ. Connecticut, Storrs. From 1953 mem. fac. New Jersey Inst, of Technology (fmly. Newark Coll. of Engr.), Newark: 1953 assist, prof, 1959 assoc. prof, 1960 prof, of math, and chmn. of dept, 1971 dist.

prof. Spec, in the theory of relativity, quantum theory and mechanics, conduction of heat, and acoustics. A: West Orange, N.J.

Biblio: Contrib. arts, to Fundamental Formulas of Physics (New York, 1955), International Dictionary of Applied Mathe- matics (New York, I960), Handbook of the Engineering Sciences, vol. 1 (1967); also contrib. arts, to prof, journs.

Sources: Hand, Print. — R.F.J.I.

Zech, Paul, author; b. Briesen, W. Prussia, Ger. (W^brzezno, Pol.) 19 Feb. 1881, d. Buenos Aires 7 Sept. 1946. E: 1933 Arg.

F: Teacher. S. Brother. <*> Until 1933 life companion Hilda Herb.

Youth in indus, dist. on the Wupper, Rhineland. Att. Univs.

Bonn, Heidelberg and Zurich. Miner and stoker in Ger, Fr, and Belg. 1910 city off. in Berlin; later ed. and Dramaturg. Friend- ship with Else Lasker-Schiiler, P. Hille and Georg Heym, and later with — Stefan Zweig. 1913-20 ed. of expressionist mag, Das neue Pathos. 1918-19 co-dir. with Bernhard Keller- mann of govt. info. agcy. 1925-33 sci. assist, Munie. Libr. Ber- lin, 1933 discharged. Arrested and temp, imprisonment in Spandau. 1933 emigr. to Arg. via Prague, Paris, Genoa and Na- ples. Var. occups. Contrib. to Argentinisches Tageblatt, Yid- dish newspaper Di fresse, and others. Also contrib. to exile newspapers and periods. Das Neue Tage-Buch, Die neue

Weltbühne, Die Sammlung, Pariser Tageblatt, Pariser Tageszei- tung and internationale Literatur. Co-fdr. of period, Deutsche Blätter. Until 1937 aided by brother, until 1940 by Am. Guild for Ger. Cultural Freedom, and later by friends. Auth. of poetry, stories and dramas in the Expressionist style. Noted as translator from French, incl. works by Honoré de Balzac, Louise Labé, Arthur Rimbaud, François Villon, and others.

Most of the works of P.Z.'s exile period remain unpubl. Books banned in Nazi Ger.

Biblio: Waldpastelle: Sechs Gedichte (Berlin-Wilmersdorf, 1910); Schwarz sind die Wasser der Ruhr: Gesammelte Gedichte (Leipzig, 1914); Die eiserne Brücke: Neue Gedichte (Leipzig, 1914); Der schwarze Baal (Leipzig, 1917); Der feurige Busch:

Neue Gedichte (Munich, 1919); Das Grab der Welt: Eine Pas- sion wider den Krieg auf Erden (Berlin, 1919); Das Ereignis:

Neue Novellen (Munich, 1920); Die ewige Dreieinigkeit (Rudol- stadt, 1924); Peregrins Heimkehr (Berlin, 1925); Bäume am Rio de la Plata (Buenos Aires, 1935); Neue Welt: Verse der Emigra- tion (Buenos Aires, 1939); . . . Ich suchte Schmied. .. und fand Malva wieder (Buenos Aires; 1941); Stefan Zweig: Eine Ge- denkschrift (Buenos Aires, 1943); Die schwarze Orchidee: India- nische Legende (Berlin, 1947); Paul Verlaine und sein Werk (Berlin, 1949); Kinder vom Parana (Rudolstadt, 1952); Das rote Messer: Begegnungen mit Tieren und seltsamen Menschen (Rudolstadt, 1953); Die Vögel des Herrn Langfoot (Rudolstadt, 1954); Die grüne Flöte vom Rio Beni: Indianische Liebesge- schichten (Rudolstadt, 1955). Lit: G. Koch, Die Hauptprobleme in den Prosadichtungen Paul Zechs (diss, Vienna, 1940); Fritz Hiiser, ed, Paul Zech (Dortmund, Wuppertal, 1961); H.d.G:

Joachim Müller, Die Akte Paul Zech (Weimar, 1965); Arnold Spitta, Paul Zech im südamerikanischen Exil 1933-46: Ein Bei- trag zur Geschichte der deutschen Emigration in Argentinien (Berlin, 1978); Wolfgang Kiessling, Exil in Lateinamerika (Leipzig, 1980); for further biblio. see Wilpert/Gühring; Intl.

Biblio; Köttelwesch, Biblio. Hand; Ward B. Lewis, Poetry and Exile: An Annotated Bibliography of the Works and Criticism of Paul Zech (Berne, F r a n k f u r t / M , 1975). Arch: Deut. Literatur- archiv, Marbach. Sources: Hand. — IfZ.

Zeisel, Hans, prof, of statistics, law and sociology; b. Kaaden, Bohemia, Aus. (Kadaft, C.S.S.R.) 1 Dec. 1905. E: 1938 U.S.

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Cit: 1944 U.S. F: O t t o Z. M: Elsa F r a n k , oo 1938 Eva Striker, indus. designer. C: J e a n ; J o h n .

1927 Dr. j u r , Univ. V i e n n a , 1928 Dr. polit. sei. Early 1930s- collab. with — Paul Lazarsfeld a n d * M a r i e J a h o d a on Marien- thal study. 1935 consult, in market res, Bata S h o e C o , C.S. R.

1936-38 priv. practice of law, Vienna. 1938 emigr. to U.S. C o n - sult: 194C-43 U.S. Dept. of War, W a s h i n g t o n , D . C ; 1941 m a r k e t res, Benton a n d Bowles, N e w Y o r k ; 1942 Bur. of A p p l . Soc. Res, N e w York. 1943 instr. of e c o n . a n d statist, Rutgers Univ, N e w Brunswick, N.J. 1943-51 with M c C a n n - E r i c k s o n adv. agcy. N e w Y o r k : 1943 dir. of res. a n d dev, 1949 dir. of res.

C o n c u r r . 1949-51 dir. of res. Tea C o u n . of U.S, New Y o r k . 1951 lect, C o l u m b i a Univ. G r a d . Sch. a n d New School for So- cial R e s e a r c h , N e w York. 1953- prof, of law a n d sociol, Univ.

C h i c a g o Sch. of Law, III. 1964- c h m n . of the b d , M a r p l a n . 1972-73 N . S . F . fel, Fed. Dist. C o u r t , C h i c a g o . 1972-75 fel, Nat. Inst. Mental H e a l t h ; dir. of res, Vera Inst, of Justice. A spe- cialist in statistics a n d law. H Z . initiated the use of empirical research techniques for the study of legal systems. M e m : Am.

Statist. A s s n ; Am. Sociol. Soc; A m . Assn. for Pub. O p i n i o n Res, M a r k e t Res. C o u n . (pres.); Am. M a r k e t Assn. R e e d : A n n u - al a w a r d . Am. Assn. of Pub. O p i n i o n Res. (1964).

Biblio: C o - a u t h , Die Arbeitslosen von Marienthal (Leipzig, 1933, 1960; Eng. trans, pub. as Marienthal: the Sociology of an Unemployed Community [Chicago, 1971]); Say it With Figures ( N e w York, 1 9 4 7 ; 4 t h e d . 1957; L o n d o n , 1958; 5th rev. ed. N e w York, 1968); co-auth, Delay in the Court (Boston, 1959); The American Jury (Boston, 1966; C h i c a g o , 1971); co-auth, Split Trials and Time Saving: A Statistical Analysis ( C h i c a g o , 1966 I?]; repr. f r o m The Harvard Law Rev. [vol. 76, no. 8]); Some

Data on Juror Attitudes Towards Capital Punishment (Chicago, 1968); The Race Question in American Immigration Statistics ( N e w Y o r k , 1969; repr. f r o m Soc. Res. [vol. 16, no. 2, J u n e ,

1949]); co-auth, Die Rolle der Schöffen in der österreichischen Strafgerichtsbarkeit (Vienna, 1970); c o - a u t h , First Annual Re- port on Supported Employment ( N e w Y o r k , 1973); also contrib.

arts, to other prof, j o u r n s . Papers: See Spalek. Lit: Fermi, Im- migrants: Bailyn a n d Fleming, Migration. Sources: H a n d , Print. - R . F . J . I .

Zeisl, Eric, c o m p o s e r ; b. Vienna 18 M a y 1905, d. Los Angeles 18 Feb. 1959. R: Jewish. E: 1938 Fr, 1939 U.S. Cit: 1945 U.S, fmly. Aus. F: S i e g m u n d Z, b. Atzgersdorf n e a r Vienna 1871, d.

in H o l o c a u s t (Theresienstadt c o n c e n t r a t i o n c a m p ) , Jewish, o w n e r of c o f f e e house. M: Camilla Feitler, b. Budweis, Bohe- mia, Aus. (Ceské Budéjovice, C . S . S . R . ) 1878, d. Vienna 1940, Jewish. 5 ; E g o n , b. 1901, d. San F r a n c i s c o 1963, o p e r a singer,

1939 to U . S ; Walter, b. 1902, d. San F r a n c i s c o 1948, M a t u r a , b u s i n e s s m a n , 1939 to U . S ; William, b. 1907, d. U.S. 1974, singer, 1939 to U.S. oo 1935 G e r t r u d Susan Jellinek, b. Vienna 1906, Jewish, Dr. jur. lawyer, emigr. with h u s b a n d , lang, teacher. C: Barbara S c h o e n b e r g ( m a r r i e d to R o n a l d , son of

— A r n o l d Schoenberg), b. N e w Y o r k 1940, M . A . in Eng. a n d Ger, U . C . L A. a n d U K, d o c t o r a l student.

1915-19 att. Realsch. Studied m u s i c at A . M . d . K , Vienna a n d taught there. Priv. study with R i c h a r d S t ö h r , Josef Marx, a n d

— H u g o K a u d e r . M e m . Aus. C o m p o s e r ' s League. 1938 emigr.

to Fr. Est. f r i e n d s h i p with D a r i u s M i l h a u d a n d A l m a Mahler- Werfel. 1939 emigr. to U.S. 1939-41 lived in M a r m a r o n e c k , N . Y ; started c o m p o s i n g Job. 1941-43 c o m p o s e d film m u s i c for M . G . M , H o l l y w o o d , Calif. 1943-49 taught at Southern Cal- ifornia Sch. of Music. 1949-59 taught at Los Angeles City Coll. M e m : Motion Picture A c a d ; A . S . C . A . P . R e e d : Aus. State Prize (1934).

Works: In Vienna c o m p o s e d almost 100 Lieder, 23 of which were p r i n t e d , incl. Mondbilder cycle (1928) which was orchestrated in 1932. N o Lieder c o m p o s e d in U.S. C h o r a l works incl.

Afrika singt (ca. 1930) b a s e d on p o e m s , incl. two by Langston H u g h e s ; Kleine Messe (1932); Requiem Concertante (1933-34), won 1934 Aus. State Prize; Requiem Ebraico. Psalm 92 (1944-45); Four Songs for Wordless Chorus (1948). D r a m a t - ic works incl. Die Sünde (1927-28), one-act o p e r a : Pierrot in der Flasche, ballet ( 1929) ; Leonce und Lena (1937), o p e r a b a s e d on G e o r g Büchner's play, first p e r f o r m e d 1952 in Los Angeles;

Job (1939-58), o p e r a b a s e d on — J o s e p h R o t h ' s novel Hiob.

Roman eines einfachen Mannes: The Return of Ulysses, inciden- tal m u s i c to Emil Ludwig's c o m e d y (1943); Uranium 235.

ballet (1945-46) resulting f r o m Zeisl's first meeting with -» Ar- nold S c h o e n b e r g in 1945. The Vineyard, ballet (1953); Jacob und Rachel, ballet (1954). Orchestral c o m p o s i t i o n s incl. Passa- caglia-Fantasie (1933); Little Symphony (1935); Piano Concer- to in C m a j o r (1951-52); Concerto Grosso, for cello a n d orch.

(1955-56); also wrote 2 string quartets, s o n a t a s a n d other c h a m b e r music, a n d n u m . p i a n o pieces incl. Pieces for Barbara.

13 pieces for children (1944). Papers: Eric Zeisl Arch, U . C . L A.

(Univ. C a l i f o r n i a , Los Angeles) M u s i c Libr. Lit: Dr. G e r t r u d Susan Zeisl's " O r a l H i s t o r y , " at U.C. L A . Oral History A r c h , M a l c o l m Cole, " E . Z . ' s ' A m e r i c a n ' P e r i o d , " in Current Musicol.

(no. 18, 1974); M a l c o l m Cole, " E . Z : T h e Rediscovery of an Emigré C o m p o s e r , " in The Musical Quart, ( v o l . 6 4 , 1978); Bar- bara Barclay a n d M. Cole, " T h e Toch a n d Zeisl Archives at U . C . L . A , " Music Libr. Assn. ( v o l . 3 5 , 1979). Sources: H a n d , J o u r n , P e r s . Q u . - R . F . J . I .

Zeltler, Rudolf Walter, prof, of art history ; b. C o l o g n e 28 A p r . 1912. R: Protestant. E: 1937 Swed. Cit: 1947 Swed, fmly. G e r , 1942 cit. revoked. F: Eugen Z, b. N u r e m b e r g , Bavaria, G e r . 1880, d. Berchtesgaden, Bavaria 1922, Protestant, Dipl.-Ing. M : Elsa K ü h n , b. Kaiserslautern, Palatinate, Ger. 1884, d. Berch- tesgaden 1922, Protestant, fmly. Jewish. S : G e r t r u d , b. C o l o g n e 1913, d o m e s t i c sei. teacher, r e m a i n e d in G e r ; Walter, b. 1917, r e m a i n e d in Ger. °o 1947 H a n n e l o r e Giinthert, b. Bremen 1919, Protestant, Dr. phil, hist. C: Sven G e o r g , b. U p p s a l a , S w e d . 1948; G u n n a r A n d r e a s , b. U p p s a l a 1957.

Studied hist, a n d art hist, Univs. M u n i c h , M a r b u r g / L a h n , Berlin a n d Prague; 1936 Dr. phil. 1937 emigr. to Swed. to cont.

studies. 1938- studied art hist, Univ. U p p s a l a . 1954 Habil. T h e n Doz. a n d subsequently prof, of art hist. Univ. U p p s a l a . 1943-45 mem. Free Ger. Cultural League. A: U p p s a l a .

Biblio: Albrecht Dürer (Stockholm, 1946); S tig Borglind, en svensk graftker ( S t o c k h o l m , 1948); " F r ü h e deutsche Medaillen 1518-1527," Figura (vol. I, 1951); " K l a s s i z i s m u s u n d U t o p i a , "

Figura ( v o l . 5 , 1954); " D i e K u n s t des 19. J a h r h u n d e r t s , " Pro- pyläen Kunstgeschichte (vol. I I , Berlin, 1966); arts, in schol.

a n d c o m m e m o r a t i v e j o u r n s ; for biblio. see G.K. (1976-).

Sources: H a n d , Print, Qu. — IfZ.

Zeiz, August Hermann (pseud. G e o r g Fraser), journalist, writ- er; b. C o l o g n e 23 Sept. 1893, d. Berlin 2 Sept. 1964. R : 1935 R o m a n Catholic, fmly. Protestant. E: 1935 Aus, late 1950s W.

Berlin. Cit: Aus, fmly. G e r , then cit. revoked. F: Heinrich Vin- cent Z, b. Perl, Palatinate, Ger. 1856, d. Dirschau, Ger. 1912, R o m a n C a t h o l i c , civil servant. M: J o h a n n a C a r o l i n e R e i c h o w , b. Bütow, P o m e r a n i a , Ger. (Bytôw, Pol.) 1870, d. Berlin 1954, Protestant. S : C h a r l o t t e R u h e m a n n ; M a r g a r e t h e R h e i n b a b e n ; J e n n a H e r r m a n n , oo 1915 G e r t r u d Segall, b. K u l m , W . Prussia, Ger. ( C h e l m n o , Pol.) 1893, d. Auschwitz c o n c e n t r a t i o n c a m p 1944, 1935 R o m a n Catholic, fmly. Jewish. C : ' T h o m a s Sessler, b. Berlin 1915, Protestant, 1933 to Fr, 1933 r e t u r n e d to G e r , 1935 C . S . R , Aus, 1938 Switz, 1945 Fr, Aus, 1950 returned to Fed. R e p u b . G e r , j o u r n . a n d publ, a : 1978 Dietersburg, Lower Bavaria ; Sabine S c h u l e n b u r g , b. 1945, cosmetician.

1913 A b i t u r , Danzig. 1914 att. Univ. M u n i c h . W . W . I v o l ; reed. E . K , 1st class. 1917- court r e p o r t e r a n d m e m . of ed. staff of the Berliner Tageblatt. Successful playwright esp. of c o m e - dies. C o n t r i b . to Aus. p a p e r s incl. Neues Wiener Journal. 1934 p r o h i b i t e d f r o m working. 1935 emigr. to Vienna. 1935-38 chief D r a m a t u r g at the Scala Theater. U r d e r the pseud. G e o r g Fraser until July 1944 h a d spec, permission f r o m the Reichs- k u l t u r k a m m e r for w o r k as playwright. Est. contacts with Aus.

resistance. O b t a i n e d false identification p a p e r s for the disguise a n d illegal d e p a r t u r e of Jews. Dec. 1 9 3 8 - M a r . 1939 i m p r i s o n e d by G e s t a p o . F e b . - J u l y 1943 i m p r i s o n e d in Vienna. Subse- quently until J a n . 1944 D a c h a u c o n c e n t r a t i o n c a m p . 1945-56 head of the G e o r g M e r t o n Publ. H o u s e , Vienna. M e m : S . P . Ö ; B u n d e s v e r b a n d österr. W i d e r s t a n d s k ä m p f e r u n d O p f e r des Fa- schismus ( N a t . Assn. of Aus. Resistance Fighters a n d Victims of Fascism ; acting chmn.).

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Zerfass 1277

Biblia: Tanz um den Tod (Berlin, 1918); Die elf Teufe! (Vien- na, 1934); Das letzte Signal (Vienna, 1935); Neun Offiziere (Vienna, Berlin, 1936); Silbervögel (Berlin, 1938); Die Anusch- ka (Berlin, 1940); Mariettas Hochzeitsreise (Berlin, 1942); for further works see G. V. and IfZ arch. Arch: Ger. Acad, for Lang, and Poetry, Darmstadt. Sources: Arch, Hand, Pers. — IfZ.

Zemlinsky, Alexander von, composer, conductor; b. Vienna 4 Oct. 1872, d. Larchmont, N.Y. 15 Mar. 1942. E: 1938 U.S. F:

Turkish background, Jewish. M : Polish background. 5 : Ma- thilda, 1901, married — Arnold Schoenberg, d. 1923.

1884-90 at A.M.d.K. studied piano with A. Door, and composition with Krenn, Robert and J.N. Fuchs; encouraged by Johannes Brahms who liked his early chamber music. Ca.

1895-96 taught Schoenberg. 1904 co-fdr. with Schoenberg of Vereinigung Schaffender Tonkünstler to promote contemp.

music; Gustav Mahler serv. as hon. pres. and — Bruno Walter was a mem. 1904-06 cond, Carltheater, Vienna. Lover of Alma Mahler-Werfel who before her marriage to Mahler had studied with Z, and planned career as composer. 1906-08 principal cond. and music dir, Volksoper, Vienna. Concurr. 1907 taught

— Erich Komgold. 1908 cond, Hofoper, Vienna. 1909-11 principal cond, Hoftheater, Mannheim. 1911-27 opera cond, Deut.

Landestheater, Prague. Concurr. 1920-27 head, newly est.

Deut. Musikakad, Prague. 1927-32 cond, Kroll-Oper, Berlin on invit. of -> Otto Klemperer, then at Staatsoper. 1933 returned to Vienna. Guest cond. in Sp, U.S.S.R, etc. 1938 emigr.

to U.S. Z. greatly admired both Mahler and Schoenberg, but re- fused to follow his pupil Schoenberg in the use of the 12-tone system.

Works: 6 operas: Sarema (Munich, 1897); Es war einmal (Vienna, 1910); Kleider machen Leute (Vienna, 1910); Eineflo- rentinische Tragödie (Stuttgart, 1917; perf. 1977 in Kiel); Der Zwerg (Cologne, 1922); Der Kreidekreis (Zurich, 1933). 3 symphs. incl. Lyrische Symphonie, for baritone, soprano and orch. based on poems by Rabindranath Tagore (1923; from this symph. Alban Berg intro. a theme into his Lyrische Suite to express his admiration for Z.); in 1897 his first symph. won Beethoven Prize of the Ges. der Musikfreunde, Vienna. I sym- phonietta (1940); chamber music, choral works, piano music, songs; orchestrated Korngold's Der Schneemann (Vienna,

1910). Lit: Spec, issue of Der Auftakt (vol. 1, Prague, 1921).

Sources: Arch, E.G.L, Hand, News, Print. — R.F.J.I.

Zepler, Erich Ernst, prof, of electronics; b. Herford, Westpha- lia, Ger. 27 Jan. 1898, d. Southampton, U.K. 13 May 1980. R:

Protestant. E: 1935 U.K. Cit: 1947 U.K. F: Martin Z, b. Za- borce. Upper Silesia, Ger. (Pol.) 1862, d. Berlin 1939, Protes- tant, fmly. Jewish, Dr. med. M: Flora Guttfreud, b. Leob- schiitz. Upper Silesia (Glubczyce, Pol.) 1866, d. Theresienstadt concentration camp 1943, Protestant, fmly. Jewish, Lyceum. S.

Hans, b. Ger. 1892, d. Brooklyn 1966, Dr. med, 1936 to U.S. °o 1926 Eleonore Fischer, b. Neusalz, Lower Silesia, Ger. (Nowa Sòl, Pol.) 1899, Protestant, Lyceum educ, primary sch. and Ly- ceum teacher, 1935 to U.K. with fam. C: Carole Elisabeth, b. Berlin 1933, univ. educ, admin; Matthew Martin, b. Berlin 1934, univ. educ, electron, engr.

1917-18 serv, Ger. Army. Att. Univs. Bonn, Berlin and Würzburg; 1922 Dr. phil, Univ. Würzburg. 1925-35 mem. staff, Telefunken: 1925 res. engr, 1932 head design, receivers and di- rection finders. 1935 offered position at Marconi's Wireless Co, U.K. 1936-40 res. engr, Marconi's Wireless Co. June 1940- Mar. 1941 interned. 1941 lect. University Coll, Southampton.

1943—46 seconded to Cavendish Lab, Cambridge Univ.

1947-63 mem. fac, Southampton Univ: 1947 sr. lect, 1949 prof, of electron, 1963 prof. emer. lOyrs. res. fel, Inst, of Sound and Vibration Res. Spec, in electronics res; intrumental in est. of high reputation for the electronics department of Southampton Univ. International master of chess composition; composed countless chess problems. Mem: Brit. Inst, of Radio Engrs. (later Brit. Inst, of Electron, and Radio Engrs; pres. 1959-60).

Reed : D.Sc. h.c, Southampton Univ. (1977).

Biblio: The Technique of Radio Design (1943); contrib. 2 chaps, to University Radio Conference Proceedings (1944); co- auth, Im Banne des Schachproblems (1951); co-auth, Problem- kunst im 20. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1956); co-ed. Electronic Cir- cuit Techniques (1963); co-ed, Electronic Devices and Networks (1963); co-auth. Transients in Electronic Engineering (1971);

contrib. to prof, journs. Lit: Inst, of Sound and Vibration at Southampton Rev. (autumn, 1974). Sources: Hand, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

Zerbe, Karl, painter, prof, of art; b. Berlin 16 Sept. 1903, d.

Tallahassee, Fla. 28 Nov. 1972. E: 1934 U.S. Cit: 1939 U.S, fmly. Ger. F: Karl Heinrich Z, d. W.W.I, exec, in elec. supply co. M: Maria Krammer. oo 1936 Marion S. Koegel. C: Maria Norton, a: R.I.

1904 fam. moved to Paris. 1914 fam. returned to Ger. 1920 studied chem, T.H. Friedberg, Hesse. 1920 worked in archit.

off, Munich. Concurr. 1921-23 studied with Josef Eberz and Karl Caspar at Debschitz Art Sch, Lehrwerkstätten Munich.

1922 first individual show, Gurlitt Gall, Berlin. 1923-26 lived in Positano, It. after being awarded a travelling schol. by the City of Munich. Influenced by "Neue Sachlichkeit" (New Ob- jectivity) art movt. which rejected the subjectivity o f t h e Expres- sionist movt; also influenced by Otto Dix and Japanese painting. 1926 large individual exhib. at Gaspari Gall, Munich.

1928-34 joined artist group, Sieben Maler, Munich. 1929 exhib. with "Juryfreie" at Gaspari Gall, Munich. Interest in work o f O s k a r Kokoschka, George Grosz, and Wilhelm Lehm- bruck led to perm, return to an Expressionist mode of painting.

Mem: R.V.B.K.D. 1934 emigr. to U.S. 1935-37 mem. fac, Fine Arts Guild, Cambridge, Mass. Concurr. summers 1935-38 head, dept. of fine arts, Sch. of Mus. of Fine Arts, Boston. 1939 revived encaustic painting technique, an ancient method in- volving mixing of dry color and molten wax; 1949 was found to be allergic to process, and was forced to abandon it. 1949 vis.

It. and began using new medium composed of polymer tempe- ra. 1954-72 prof, of art, Florida State Univ, Tallahassee; later prof. emer. Noted for experimentation in various media to de- pict diverse, complex, and dramatic scenes incl. circus per- formers, angels, still lifes, and city landscapes. Exhibitions: In- dividual shows incl. Marie Sterner Gall, New York (1934-37);

Grace H o m e Gall, Boston (1936, 1938-40); Chicago Art Alli- ance (1945, 1946); Lee Nordness Gall, New York (1958-60, 1964); Univ. Tampa, Fla. (1965); Kovier Gall. (1966); many others. Group shows incl. Inst, of Contemp. Art, Boston; Chica- go Art Inst; Univ. Pennsylvania Acad, of Fine Arts, Philadel- phia; Illinois; others. Collections: Baltimore Mus. of Art, Md;

Boston Mus. of Fine Art; Chicago Art Inst; Mus. of Mod. Art, New York; Staatliche Graphische Sammlung, Munich; Whit- ney Mus. of Am. Art, New York; num. others. Mem: Artists Eq- uity (pres. 1957-59); Fed. Art Project; Coll. of Art Assn; Soc.

of Am. Graphic Artists. Reed: John Barton Paine Medal, Virgi- nia Mus. of Fine Arts (1942); First Prize, Inst, of Contemp. Art, Boston (1943); Walter Blair Purchase Prize (1944) and Norman Wait Harris Silver Medal (1946), both from Art Inst, of Chica- go; Henry Schiedt Mml. Prize, Pennsylvania Acad, of Fine Arts (1949); Philadelphia Watercolor Prize (1950); Grand Prize, Boston Art Fest. (1953); prize from Univ. Illinois (1955).

Biblio: Encaustic by Zerbe (documentary film, 1957). Lit:

Current Biography (New York, 1959, 1973); H.W. Jansen, K.Z.

(New York, 1961); Die Zwanziger Jahre in München, cat. (Mu- nich, 1979). Sources: Hand, News, Print. — R.F.J.I.

Zerfass, Julius (pseud. Walter Hornung), journalist, writer; b.

Kirn, Rhineland, Ger. 4 Feb. 1886, d. Zurich 24 Mar. 1956. R:

None, fmly. Protestant. E: 1934 Switz. Cit: Ger. F: Johann Z, b. Oberhausen near Kirn, Ger. 1848, d. Kim 1919, Protestant, factory worker. M: Elisabeth Schwindt, b. Meckenbach near Kirn 1847, d. Kirn 1910, Protestant. S. Adam, b. Kirn 1877, d.

Kirn 1930, master (house) painter; Jakob, b. Kirn 1879, d.

Düsseldorf 1930, book printer; Wilhelm, b. Kirn 1881, d. Kirn 1961, worker. <*> 1916 Anna Zeiner, b. Munich 1886, d. Zurich 1964, no relig, stenotypist, emigr. to Switz. C: Hanspeter, b.

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1278 Zerkowitz

Munich 1922, emigr. with parents, ed. in Bad Honnef, Fed.

Repub. Ger.

1900-03 gardening apprentice, then gardener's assist, in Rhineland until on-the-job accident in 1907. Mem. S.P.D. and trade union; contrib. to union press. After 1907 employed by union in Düsseldorf. Wrote poetry; 1910 first vol. of poems. After 1911 contrib. to Die Feuilleton-Korrespondenz, a journ. in Mu- nich publ. by Kurt Eisner. After 1913 worked as freelance journ. in Munich, 1919-33 feuilleton ed. for the S.P.D. newspaper Münchner Post. Concurr. wrote poems, short stories, essays and children's stories. Mem. of Worker's Educ. Trust in Munich. For a time bd. mem. of Landesverband der Bayeri- schen Presse. Until 1933 bd. mem. of Volksbühne, Munich.

1933 arrested by police for short time, then forbidden to work.

June-Dec. 1933 interned in Dachau concentration camp, subsequently under police surveillance; several house searches.

Nov. 1934 emigr. to Zurich after having been warned of anoth- er arrest. Publ. sensational report about prison experiences.

Est. contacts with Soc. Dems. exiled in Switz. Lived for a time with 'Wilhelm Hoegner's family. Contrib. to Ger. exile press and other newspapers. Reed, continual support from Swiss Workers' Relief Org. 1944-46 mem. bd, Union of Ger. Social- ists and Unionists in Switz. For a time mem. bd. of S.D.S.

Mem. Ger. P.E.N. Club, London. After 1946 mem. S.P.S. 1946 brief stay in Cologne. Lived as freelance writer and journ. in Zurich. Theater and art corresp. for the Frankfurter Rundschau.

Contrib. to Aufbau, New York. Reed: Hon. Testimonial of City ofZurich(1955).

Biblio: Walter Hornung, Dachau: Eine Chronik (Zurich, 1936; Dutch trans. De Hel van Dachau [Amsterdam, 1936];

Russ. trans: Dachau [Leningrad, 1938]); Du Mensch in dieser Zeit (Zurich, 1946); Vom Untertan zum freien Bürger (Ham- burg, 1946); for further biblio. see L.K.N. Lit: Klaus Doderer, ed, Lexikon der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur (vol. 3, Weinheim, Basel, 1979); also for further lit). Sources: Arch, Hand, Pers, Print. - IfZ.

Zerkowitz, Guido Jechiel, prof, of thermodynamics and ma- chine design; b. Trieste, Aus. (It.) 4 Dec. 1885, d. Pal. 1942. E:

1938 Pal. oo Married.

1902 grad. Realgym. Att. T.H. in Graz and Vienna; 1907 dipl.

1907-09 worked in factory for energy conserving machines and diesel engines near Vienna. 1909-10 design engr, steam turbine factory. 1911-12 assist, on turbine engines and boilers, Dresden. 1913 Dr. Ing. 1913-14 Privatdoz. in tech. thermodynamics, T.H. Aachen; concurr. 1913-14 first assist, on project concerning heating machines. 1914-33 mem. fac, T. H. Munich:

1914 Privatdoz, 1920 a.o. Prof, on heating engines and tech.

thermodynamics, 1933 dismissed. Concurr. (?)-1924 head, engr, Malmas and Pfefinger, Munich, involved in construction of steam turbines, condensors, and pumps; 1925-29 co. adv. on mechanics of locomotives, steam turbines and diesel motors;

1930-38 adv. on cooling agents; adv. to Trieste shipyard org, partic. in design of shipyard machinery. 1938(?) emigr. to Pal.

1939-42 prof, of machine design and thermodynamics, Tech- nion, Haifa; involved in org. the dept. of indus. engr. Scientist and engineer, spec, in thermodynamics and development and improvement in machine designs. Work in the steam, gas, and cold air turbines. Res. in heat engines, and air and water machines.

Biblio: Thermodynamik der Turbomaschinen (Munich, 1913);

"Beiträge zur Strömungslehre mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Mischungsvorgänge," Zft. fur das gesamte Turbinenwesen (1916); "Zur Berechnung kritischer Drehzahlen rasch umlau- fender Maschinenaggregate," Turbinen und Pumpen (1930);

"The Second Law of Thermodynamics for Changes of State and Quantity of the Working Substance, with Particular Refer- ence to Steam Engines," A.S.M.E. (1943); for biblio. see Pog- gendorff (vols. 5, 7a), and Lit. Lit: Scientific Publications of the Hebrew Technion, in memoriam of the late Prof. G. Zerkowitz (no. I, Haifa, 1944). Sources: Hand, Print. - R.F.J.I.

Zeuner, Frederick Ererard (Friedrich), prof, of environmental archeology, geologist; b. Berlin 8 Mar. 1905, d. London 5 Nov.

1963. E: 1934 U.K. F: Friedrich Hugo Z. M: Melanie Franziska Tippmann. <»1931 Ilse Henrietta Gustava Levin. C: 2 sons.

Att. Univs. Berlin, Tübingen, and Breslau; 1927 Dr. phil.

summa cum laude, Univ. Breslau. 1925-31 assist. Inst. Geology and Paleontology, Univ. Breslau. 1931-34 Privatdoz, Univ.

Freiburg/Breisgau. 1934 emigr. to U.K. 1934-36 res. assoc. of paleontology, Brit. Mus. of Natural Hist, London. 1936-63 mem. fac, Univ. London: 1936-45 lect. in geochronology, Inst, of Archeol, 1946-63 prof, of environmental archeol. and head, dept. of geochronology. Concurr: During W.W.II war work with the Anti-Locust Res. Cent, London. Archaeol, and geological field work in Eur, Near East, Afr, India, Aust, and Can- ary Islands; guest prof, in Neth, Madrid, 1954 Berlin, and 1956 Vienna. Spec, in determining age of the earth; res. in geological dating, climate, and fauna of the past, and paleontology. Fel:

Soc. of Antiquarians; Geological Soc. of London. Mem: Prehis- toric Soc. (v.-pres. 1961-63); Royal Anthro. Inst, (v.-pres.

1963); Geologische Vereinigung (pres. 1954; v.-pres. 1951-53, 1955-57).

Biblio: Insektenfauna des Bottinger Marmors (1931); Fossil Orthoptera Ensifera (London, 1939); The Pleistocene Period (London, 1945, 1959); Dating the Past (London, 1946; 4th ed.

1958); Geochronologia (1956); History of Domesticated Animals (London, 1963); contrib. more than 200 arts, to prof, journs.

Arch: S.P.S.L. Sources: Arch, Hand, News. — R.F.J.I.

Ziegel, Erich, head of theater, director, actor, playwright;

b. Schwerin, Mecklenburg, Ger. 26 Aug. 1876, d. Munich 30 Nov. 1950 (on tour). R: Protestant. E: 1935 Aus, 1936 Ger.

F: Protestant, headmaster, Gym. teacher. M: Protestant.

» M i r j a m Horwitz, b. Berlin 1882, d. Lütjensee near Hamburg 1967, actress, dir. 1935 to Aus, after 1936 to Ger. C: (none).

First in Soldin, Ger. (Mysliborz, Pol.). 1877(?)- att. Gym. in Berlin. Uncompleted apprenticeship as bookseller. 1896- actor at the Hoftheater, Meiningen, Thuringia, Ger, in Lübeck, Ger, and in Breslau, Lower Silesia, Ger. (Wroclaw, Pol.), among others; then in Berlin: Schiller-Theater; 5 yrs. Kleines Theater Unter den Linden; Königliches Hoftheater; Neues Theater am Nollendorfplatz; after that in Munich. 1906-09 fdr. and head of the Literary Summer Theater in Breslau; directed first of own productions; then engagements at var. theaters. 1913 temp, mgr, 1913-16 mgr. of the Kammerspiele, Munich. Num. prods, and appearances as actor. 1916-18 first dir. at the Thalia- Theater and Deutsches Schauspielhaus, Hamburg. 1917 fdr, 1918-26 mgr. of the Kammerspiele, Hamburg. 1926-28 head of the Deutsches Schauspielhaus, Hamburg. 1928-34 with spouse M. Horwitz again mgr. and lessee of the Kammerspiele, Ham- burg. Mem. G.D.B.A. and Ger. Theater Mgrs.' Assn. (D.B.V;

dep. mem. of adv. bd.). Num. prods, esp. of expressionist theater, but also a Shakespeare series and modernization of Ger. classics, which made the Hamburg Kammerspiele one of the most important Ger. theaters of the 1920s. Sponsored actors and dirs. incl. -» Fritz Kortner, Erich Engel and Gustaf Gründgens. Actor in silent and sound films. 1934-35 dir. and actor with Gründgens at the Preussisches Staatstheater, Berlin.

1935 because of persecution of spouse, emigr. with her to Vien- na. Head mgr, Kammerspiele, Vienna. 1936 due to lack of working possibilities, returned to Berlin by special permission from the gen. secy, of Reichskulturkammer Hans Hinkel. Actor and dir, Staatstheater Berlin. Later, through Gustaf Gründ- gens' mediation, spouse also allowed to return to Berlin; not admitted to the stage due to half-Jewish descent. Film work.

Mem. (with special permission), Reichsschrifttumskam- mer, Reichstheaterkammer and Reichsfachschaft Film; others. 1944(?) returned with wife to Vienna. 1945- actor and dir.

at the Kammerspiele, Vienna and at theater Die Insel. 1949- guest perfs. and prods, in Hamburg and Munich, among others.

Reed: Hon. mem. Kulturrat Hamburg (1946).

Biblio: Der Liebling (1911); Tod und Teufel: Ein Geschichten- buch (1921). Lit: P.E.M; -<• Klaus Mann, Mephisto: Roman ei- ner Karriere (Amsterdam, 1936; E. Berlin, 1957); Schwarz, Re- gie; Rühle, Theater; Kindermann, Theatergeschichte; Fried- rich, Theater; Petzet, Kammerspiele; Trilse, Hammer, Kabel, Theaterlexikon. Sources: Arch, Hand, Print. — IfZ.

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Zimmering 1279

Ziegler, Richard (pseuds. 1933- Jean Georg Vincent, 1938-62 Robert Ziller), painter, graphic artist, caricaturist; b. Pforz- heim, Baden, Ger. 3 May 1891. R: Protestant. E: 1932 Yugo, 1937 U . K . 1962 Sp. Cit: 1963 Ger, fmly. Ger, 1948 U.K. F: Jo- hann Georg Z, b. I860, d. 1944, Protestant, sch. principal, teacher. M: Luise, b. 1855, d. 1945, Protestant. S: Georg Z, b.

1888. oo 1938 Edith Lendt, b. Cologne 1905, Jewish, cert, trans, priv. secy, emigr. to U.K, a: Munich. C: Cornelia Luise, b.

Croydon, U.K. 1939, graphic artist, a: Switz.

Abitur, Pforzheim. Studied Ger. lang, and lit, Univs. Geneva, Heidelberg, and Greifswald; 1919 Dr. phil, Univ. Heidelberg.

Concurr. Aug.-Oct. 1914 serv. in Ger. Army, wonnded. Started teaching himself painting and graphic arts. 1920 (?) pub. first illus. work at Seldwyla publ. house, Switz. 1923-26 study trips to Black Forest and Sicily, It. 1925- freelance artist in Berlin.

First individual exhib. of paintings at Gall. Caspar Berlin; reed, positive reviews from — Fritz Stahl and Max Osborn. 1926- 29, 1931 partie, exhib. Novembergruppe, Berlin. 1932 temp, sojourn at Pforzheim. End 1932 emigr. to Yugo. with future Jewish wife. 1933 comprehensive exhib. of graphic works at Bücherstube am Dom, Cologne. Further exhibs. arr. by -» Curt Glaser for Kupferstichkabinett in Berlin and by E. Propst for Gall. Fides in Dresden were thwarted by Nazi seizure of power.

1933-36 on island Koriula, Yugo; worked on graphic series.

1937(36?) emigr. to U. K. Collab. with publ. houses, Allen & Un- win and Dobsen, London, among others. 1940 under pseud.

Robert Ziller publ. first pamphlet against Nazi regime with polit. cartoons. We Make History (London), trans, into num.

längs, incl. Dutch, Danish, Russ, Serbo-Croatian. Worked on books, illustrations, and graphic sequences, also contrib. press drawings and caricatures to Die Zeitung, Die Auslese, Lilliput and Picture Post, all in London. 1943 excluded from R.K.B.K.

1945 publ. Faces behind the News. Works left behind in Pforz- heim destroyed in air raids. After W.W.II illus. books, for publ.

houses Aufbau Berlin-Weimar, Ger. Dem. Repub. and Bertels- mann Gütersloh, Fed. Repub. Ger, among others. 1962 destroyed prints, drawings, and paintings because of transport and storage costs, then moved to Mallorca, Sp. Freelance graphic artist and illus. of books in Fed. Repub. Ger, Ger. Dem.

Repub, and Sp. Illus. books by Robert Musil, —• Heinrich Mann, Emile Zola, engravings for Old and New Testament. Il- lustrations for Candide (1969), Die Sünde des Abbé Mouret ( 1971 ). A : ( 1980) Zel va, Mallorca.

Biblio: Das fliessende Licht (Zurich, 1920); Jean Georg Vin- cent (pseud.), Deutschland ist erwacht: Bilderbogen zum dritten Reich (publ. by auth, 1933); Ballett Jooss (London, 1945); Faces Behind the News (London, 1945); Judith, the Widow of Bethu- lia (London, 1946); Chaplin im Circus (Baden-Baden, 1945);

Die Jugend und die Vollendung des Königs Henri Quatre, port- folio (E. Berlin-Weimar, 1968); "Henri Quatre" (E. Berlin, 1970), and vol. of graphie works Biblische Weiber (Gütersloh, Fed. Repub. Ger, prob, autumn 1978); with Martin Beheim- Schwarzbach, Führersehen Dich an (Worms, Fed. Repub. Ger, 1976). Lit: Gall. Wolfgang Gurlitt cat. (Munich, 1961);

Vollmer; Kliemann, Novembergruppe: Hermann Schütz,

"Meister der Graphik, R.Z," Die Kunst und das Schöne Heim (vol. 81, 1969); Kunst und Kunstgewerbeverein cat. (Pforz- heim, 1971); R.Z, T.V. Documentary by Kern-Film (Basel, 1978); Widerstand statt Anpassung, cat; " R . Z , " Tendenzen (nos. 1, 3, Munich, 1980). Sources: Hand, Journ, Publ, Qu. — IfZ.

Zilsel, Paul Rudolf, prof, of physics; b. Vienna 6 May 1923. E:

1938 U.K, 1939 U.S, 1954 Isr, 1956 Can, 1958 U.S. Cit: 1945 U.S. F: Egar Z. M : Ella Breuer. oo 1947 Dorice Tentchoff, div.

C: Carrie; Joanna.

1938 emigr. to U.K. 1939 emigr. to U.S. 1943 B.S, Coll.

Charleston, S. Car. 1945 alumni fel. and M. A, Univ. Wisconsin.

Att. Yale Univ: 1947-48 assist, in theoret. phys, 1948 Ph.D. in phys. 1948-49 postdoctoral fel, Duke Univ, Durham, N. Car.

1949-50 assist, prof, of phys, Colorado Agric. and Mech. Coll, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins. 1950-54 mem. fac, dept. of phys, Univ. Connecticut, Storrs: 1950 instr, 1951 assist, prof.

1954 emigr. to Isr. 1954-56 sr. lect, Technion, Haifa. 1956

emigr. to Can. 1956-58 assist, prof, McMaster Univ. 1958 re- emigr. to U.S. 1958-72 mem. staff, dept. of phys. Case Western Reserve Univ. (orig. Case Inst. Technology), Cleveland, Ohio:

1958 vis. lect, 1960 assoc. prof, 1963 prof. 1964-65 N.S.F. vis.

fel, Princeton Univ. 1971 vis. prof, Univ. Washington, Seattle.

Spec, in quantum liquids and statistical mechanics. Mem: Am.

Phys.Soc; A.A.A.S. A:(1980)Seattle, Wash.

Biblio: Co-auth, The Scattering of Slow Neutrons by Bound Protons (1947). Sources: Hand, Pers, Print. — R.F.J.I.

Zimmer, Herbert, prof, of psychology; b. Fürth, Bavaria, Ger.

13 July 1924, d. 1968. E: 1940 U.S. Cit: 1943 U.S. F: Sigmund Z. M : Paula Kohn.

1943-46 serv, U.S. Army. 1948 A.B. summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, Western Reserve Univ. (Case Western Reserve), Cleveland, Ohio. 1948-52 intern in clin. psych, Veterans Ad- min. Hosp, Canandaigua, N.Y. 1952 Ph D, Univ. Rochester, N.Y. 1952-55 res. psych, Air Res. and Dev. Command, Max- well Air Force Base, Ala. 1955-61 assist, prof, Georgetown Univ. Sch. of Med, Washington, D.C; consult to Dist. of Co- lumbia Gen. Hosp. Concurr: 1956- consult, exec, secy, and mem. of sei. adv. panel, Air Force Off. of Sei. Res; 1957 res. fel, Univ. New Mexico, Albuquerque. 1961-66 assoc. prof, of psych, and dir. of bioelectronic computer lab, Univ. Georgia, Athens. 1966-68 prof, and dir. of bioelectronic res. lab. Hunter Coll, New York (C.U.N.Y.). Consult: 1956-59 Bur. of Med.

and Surgery, Dept. of Navy; 1958-61 Bur. of Soc. Sei. Res;

1958-60 H.E.W; 1959-61 Dept. of Voc. Rehab; 1965-68 Be- havioral Sei. Dept, Naval Med. Res. Inst; and others. Spec, in psychological aspects of human behavior and conditioning.

Mem: Psychonomic Soc; Southeastern Psych. Assn; Inst.

Electrical and Electronic Engr; Soc. for Psychological Res.

Biblio: Psychologic Impact of Polar Climate: Selected Bibli- ography (Washington, 1958); co-ed, The Manipulation of Hu- man Behavior (New York, 1961); ed, Computers in Psychophy- siology (Springfield, 111, 1966); co-auth. Psychophysiologic Components of Human Behavior: A Compendium (Athens, Ga, 1966); contrib. arts, to prof, journs. Sources: Hand. — R.F.J.I.

Zimmering, Max, author; b. Pima, Saxony, Ger. 16 Nov. 1909, d. Dresden 15 Sept. 1973. E: 1933 Fr, 1934 Pal, 1935 C.S.R, 1939 U.K, 1946 Ger. (Soviet Occup. Zone). F: Clockmaker. oo Zora Weil-Zimmering, b. 1914, trans, a: Ger. Dem. Repub.

1921-24 att. Gym. Wettin; 1925-30 att. Gym. Johannstadt;

Abitur. Concurr. mem: 1919-28 in Jewish youth movt. as mem.

of Jüdischer Wanderbund, Blau-Weiss and Kadimah; 1928 K.J.V; 1929 K . P . D ; 1928-33 Jewish Workers' and Employees' Youth. 1928- publ. poems and prose in workers' press, incl.

Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung and Die Linkskurve. 1930 appren- tice to window dresser; 1932 discharged because of union activities in Revolutionäre Gewerkschaftsopposition. Before 1933 mem, Union of Proletarian-Revolutionary Auths. 1933 emigr.

to Fr, 1934 to Pal, 1935 to C.S.R, and 1939 to Eng. 1940 interned on Isle of Man and transported to Aust. 1940 released through intervention of Intl. P.E.N. 1941-46 in London. Mem.

bd. of dirs, F.D.K.B, and 1941- ed. of period, Freie Deutsche Kultur. Contrib. to exile newspapers and journs, Deutsche Volks- zeitung, Freies Deutschland, Freie Tribüne, Der Gegen-A ngriff, Die Rote Fahne, Die Volksillustrierte, Internationale Literatur, Das Wort. 1946 returned to Dresden. Mem. S.E.D. 1946-54 cultural ed. of journ. Zeil im Bild. Concurr. 1948-56 deleg. to Landtag of Saxony, and rep. on city coun. of Dresden; 1949-53 dist. chmn, V.V.N. Saxony. 1956-58 first secy, Writers' Union. Travelled to Korea, Hung, and U.S.S. R. 1958-64 dir, Inst, for Lit. Johan- nes R. Becher, Leipzig. 1963 cand. for cent. comm. of S.E.D.

1964- freelance author in Dresden. Spec, in writing poetry, and books for children and young people. Many of M.Z.'s poems were set to music by composers incl. Hanns Eisler and

— Paul Dessau. Also composed free renderings of Polish, Czech, Hungarian and English literary works. Mem: P.E.N.

Club (1942-46); P.E.N. Club, Ger. Dem. Repub. Reed: Poetry Prize, Die Linkskurve (1930); Heinrich Mann Prize (1953, 1958); Erich Weinert Medal (1957); Heinrich Heine Prize