Evaluation of plankton data from Helgoland Roads
Karen Wiltshire
(Karen.Wiltshire@awi.de)
Species inventory and carbon conversion factors
1962 - 1975 size and carbon from list 70 1976 - 1993 / 1998 - 2001 size and carbon from list 92 1994 - 1997 size and carbon from ??
x data exist
--- data exist, but always zero
sum sum of size classes of species, genus or group
? size and carbon unknown
Species 1962 - 1975 1976 - 1993 1994 - 1997 1998 - 2001
detected size [µm] carbon detected size [µm] carbon detected size [µm] carbon detected size [µm] carbon
content content content content
[pg C/cell] [pg C/cell] [pg C/cell] [pg C/cell]
Bacillariophyceae Bacillariales
Asterionellopsis glacialis 1 x ? 10
Asterionellopsis glacialis 2 x 8;60 20
Asterionellopsis glacialis x 8 20 x 8;60 20 sum x 8;60 20
Asteroplanus karianus --- x 4;30 20 x 4;30 20
Bacillaria paxillifera x 4;70 70 x 5;70 50 x 5;70 50
Cylindrotheca closterium --- 6;110 20 --- x 5;120 30
Delphineis surirella --- --- --- 10;30 150
Fragilaria sp. 1 x ? 20
Fragilaria sp. 2 x ? 200
Fragilaria sp. x 4;8 10 x 10;40 150 sum x 10;40 150
6;10 20
8;12 40
8;16 50
Gyrosigma sp. 1 x ? ? x 15;70 200 x 15;70 200 x 15;70 200
Gyrosigma sp. 2 x ? ? x 30;120 1 000 x 30;120 1 000 x 30;120 1 000
Gyrosigma sp. sum 12;55 150 sum sum sum
14;70 200
22;80 500
25;120 900
35;170 2 000
Meuniera membranacea --- x 60;30 900 x 60;30 900
Navicula sp. 1 x ? ? x 10;40 100 x 10;40 100
Navicula sp. 2 x ? ? x 30;80 1 500 x 30;80 1 500
Navicula sp. sum 6;30 40 sum x 10;40 100 sum
8;40 100
10;60 250
12;35 100
14;60 300
16;80 800
22;38 300
26;48 500
28;80 1 500
Nitzschia longissima x ? ? --- x 4;110 20 x 4;110 20
Pleurosigma elongatum --- --- --- 12;70 180
Pleurosigma sp. x ? ? --- x 25;10 700
Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima x 1;40 30 x 3;50 10 x 3;50 10 x 3;50 10
3;40 100
Pseudo-nitzschia seriata 1 x 5;70 50 x 5; 70 x 5;70 50
Pseudo-nitzschia seriata 2 x 5;120 100 x 6; 120 x 6;120 120
Pseudo-nitzschia seriata sum sum x ? 100 sum
Rhaphoneis amphiceros x ? ? x 30 130 ---
Thalassionema nitzschioides x 4;48 50 x 4;48 50 x ? 100 x 4;48 50
8;45 200
Bacillariales indet 1 x ? ? --- x 8;40 100
Bacillariales indet 2 x ? ? --- x 15;60 300
Bacillariales indet 3 x ? ? --- x 20;80 500
Bacillariales indet 4 x ? ? --- x 25;120 1 000
Bacillariales indet sum sum sum
Biddulphiales
Actinoptychus senarius x 22 400 --- x 60 2 000
40 700
52 1 500
Bacteriastrum hyalinum x 40;70 1 500 --- x 40 1 500
Bellerochea malleus x 30 200 x 70 800 x 30 200 x 70 800
Brockmanniella brockmannii 1 x 20;4 20
Brockmanniella brockmannii 2 x ? 30
Brockmanniella brockmannii x 20;4 20 x 5;25 25 sum x 5;25 25
35;5 40
Cerataulina pelagica 1 x 50;70 2 000 x 30;50 1 000 x 30;50 1 000 x 30;50 1 000
Cerataulina pelagica 2 x 30;? 1 000 x 50;70 3 000 x 50;70 3 000 x 50;70 3 000
Cerataulina pelagica sum sum sum sum
Chaetoceros debilis x ? ? x 25;20 150 ---
Chaetoceros decipiens 1 x ? ? --- x 20;20 100
Chaetoceros decipiens 2 x ? ? --- x 40;30 300
Chaetoceros decipiens sum sum sum
Chaetoceros densus x ? ? --- x 25 200
Chaetoceros didymus x ? ? --- x 20 110
Chaetoceros socialis x ? ? x 10 20 ---
Chaetoceros sp. 1 x ? ? x 10 20 x 10 20 x 10 20
Chaetoceros sp. 2 x ? ? x 20 100 x 14 50 x 20 100
Chaetoceros sp. 3 x ? ? x 30 200 x 22 150 x 30 200
Chaetoceros sp. 4 x ? ? x 40 300 x 40 300 x 40 300
Chaetoceros sp. sum 6 5 sum sum sum
14 50
17 70
22 150
30 200
40 300
50 600
Corethron hystrix --- ? 1 500
Coscinodiscus concinnus 1 x 200 80 000
Coscinodiscus concinnus 2 x 350 350 000
Coscinodiscus concinnus x ? ? x ? ? sum
Coscinodiscus granii 1 x 100 10 000
Coscinodiscus granii 2 x 250 150 000
Coscinodiscus granii x ? ? --- sum
Coscinodiscus radiatus x ? ? --- x 80 4 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 1 x 35 500
Coscinodiscus sp. 2 x 55 2 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 3 x 70 4 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 4 x 90 7 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 5 x 135 25 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 6 x ? ? x 200 70 000 x 200 70 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 7 x 210 80 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 8 x ? ? x 250 150 000 x 250 150 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 9 x 270 200 000
Coscinodiscus sp. 10 x 350 400 000
Coscinodiscus sp. sum 35 500 sum sum sum
45 1 000
55 2 500
60 3 000
70 4 000
80 5 000
90 7 000
210 80 000 320 300 000 270 200 000
Coscinodiscus wailesii 1 x ? ? x 250 150 000 x 250 150 000
Coscinodiscus wailesii 2 x ? ? x 400 400 000 x 400 400 000
Coscinodiscus wailesii sum sum sum
Dactyliosolen fragilissimus x ? ? x 15;45 300 ---
Detonula confervacea x ? ? x 10;25 100 x 10;25 100 ---
Detonula pumila 1 x 20 150
Detonula pumila 2 x 30 500
Detonula pumila x 20 150 x 30 300 sum x 30 300
30 500
Ditylum brightwellii 1 x ? ? x 40:120 2 000 x 40:120 2 000 x 40:120 2 000
Ditylum brightwellii 2 x ? ? x 70;150 5 000 x ? 7 000 x 70;150 5 000
Ditylum brightwellii sum 38;120 3 000 sum sum sum
45;150 5 000
70;230 13 000
Eucampia zodiacus 1 x 30 300
Eucampia zodiacus 2 x ? 400
Eucampia zodiacus 3 x 60 500
Eucampia zodiacus x 30 300 x 45 300 sum x 45 300
60 500
Guinardia delicatula 1 x ? 100
Guinardia delicatula 2 x ? 400
Guinardia delicatula 3 x ? 2 500
Guinardia delicatula x 6;60 150 x 12;45 200 sum x 12;45 200
9;25 100
12;45 200
20;45 400
25;40 500
Guinardia flaccida 1 --- --- x ? 1 500
Guinardia flaccida 2 x 50;70 3 000 x 50;70 3 000
Guinardia flaccida 3 --- --- x 90;110 10 000 x 90;110 10 000
Guinardia flaccida x 50;70 2 500 x ? ? sum sum
60;90 4 000
70;90 6 000
Guinardia striata 1 x ? ? x 20;50 500 x ? 400 x 20;50 500
Guinardia striata 2 x ? ? x 35;80 1 300 x ? 2 500 x 35;80 1 300
Guinardia striata sum 17;50 400 sum sum sum
20;? 550
25;? 700
35;? 1 000
Helicotheca tamesis x 70;100 2 000 --- --- 70;100 2 000 --- 70;110 1 700
Lauderia annulata x 26;? 400 x 35 1 000 x 35 1 000 x 35 1 000
30;40 700
35;? 1 000
40;? 1 000
Leptocylindrus danicus 1 x ? 50
Leptocylindrus danicus 2 x ? 100
Leptocylindrus danicus x 4;30 30 x 7;40 70 sum x 7;40 70
6;40 60
9;45 100
Leptocylindrus minimus x 3;40 10 x 3;25 10 x 3;40 10 x 3;25 10
Lithodesmium undulatum x 45;80 1 600 x 50 1 000 x 45;80 1 600 x 50 1 000
Melosira nummoloides 12 200 x 12 200
Melosira sp. x ? ? x 30 700 x 30 700
Odontella aurita 1 x ? ? x 15;45 300 x 15;45 300 x 15;45 300
Odontella aurita 2 x ? ? x 40;55 600 x 40;55 600 x 40;55 600
Odontella aurita v minima x ? 100
Odontella aurita sum 14;40 300 sum sum sum
17;15 500
22;33 300
25;60 600
35;35 500
40;40 600
35;50 700
45;30 600
Odontella mobiliensis 1 x 50;70 3 000
Odontella mobiliensis 2 x 100;125 10 000
Odontella mobiliensis x 50;80 2 500 x 50;70 3 000 sum x 50;70 3 000
55;90 3 000
60;60 2 000
60;100 3 500
70;135 5 500
80;90 5 000
90;100 7 000
100;125 10 000
Odontella regia 1 x ? ? x 80;90 5 000 x 80;90 5 000 x 80;90 5 000
Odontella regia 2 x ? ? x 150;150 10 000 x ? 15 000 x 150;150 10 000
Odontella regia 3 x ? ? x 250;150 20 000 x ? 30 000 ---
Odontella regia sum sum sum sum
Odontella rhombus x 110;60 4 000 x 110;60 4 000 x 110;60 4 000 x 110;60 4 000
Odontella sinensis 1 x ? ? x 140;140 5 000 x ? 10 000 x 140;140 5 000
Odontella sinensis 2 x ? ? x 250;220 25 000 x ? 30 000 x 250;220 25 000
Odontella sinensis sum 140;120 10 000 sum sum sum
180;290 50 000 200;220 30 000
Paralia sulcata 1 x ? 30
Paralia sulcata 2 x 20 300
Paralia sulcata x 8 70 x 20 300 sum x 20 300
12 100
16 200
20 300
25 400
Podosira stelliger x 35 500 x 45 1 000 x 45 1 000
50 1 500
80 6 000
Porosira glacialis x ? ? --- --- 40;30 1 000
Proboscia alata x ? ? --- --- 10;250 700
Rhizosolenia hebetata x ? ? --- x 15;300 1 500
Rhizosolenia imbricata 1 x ? 200
Rhizosolenia imbricata 2 x ? ? x 8;200 500 x 8;200 500
Rhizosolenia imbricata 3 x 10;230 700
Rhizosolenia imbricata 4 x ? 1 500
Rhizosolenia imbricata 5 x ? ? x 20;300 2 000 x 20;300 2 000
Rhizosolenia imbricata 6 x ? 10 000
Rhizosolenia imbricata sum 8;150 300 sum sum sum
10;230 700
14;200 1 000
18;270 1 700
Rhizosolenia pungens --- --- x 10;250 1 000
Rhizosolenia robusta x ? ? x 80;700 150 000 x 80;700 150 000
Rhizosolenia setigera 1 x ? ? x 8;200 500 x ? 200 x 8;200 500
Rhizosolenia setigera 2 x ? ? x 15;300 1 500 x 15;300 1 500 x 15;300 1 500
Rhizosolenia setigera 3 x ? ? 30;500 13 000 x ? 10 000 x 30;500 13 000
Rhizosolenia setigera sum 3;240 100 sum sum sum
4;150 150
6;300 500
8;220 500
12;300 1 000
15;300 1 500
22;300 2 500
26;250 3 000
28;440 8 000
40;600 20 000
Rhizosolenia styliformis x ? ? x 40;600 20 000 x ? 40 000 x 40;600 20 000
Skeletonema costatum 1 x 5 10 x 5 10 x 5 10 x 5 10
Skeletonema costatum 2 x 12 30 x 12 30 x 12 30 --- 12 30
Skeletonema costatum sum sum sum sum
Stephanopyxis turris x 28;45 700 x 50;55 2 000 x 50;55 2 000 x 50;55 2 000
Thalassiosira anguste-lineata --- --- --- 40 900
Thalassiosira eccentrica --- --- --- 60 3 000
Thalassiosira minima --- x 12 50 ---
Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii x ? ? --- x 25 300
Thalassiosira punctigera --- --- x 50 1 700
Thalassiosira rotula x ? ? x 45 800 x 45 800
Thalassiosira sp. 1 x ? ? --- x 10 40
Thalassiosira sp. 2 x ? ? x 20 200 x 20 200 x 20 200
Thalassiosira sp. 3 x ? ? x 30 500 x 30 500 x 30 500
Thalassiosira sp. 4 x ? ? x 45 1 000 x 45 1 000 x 45 1 000
Thalassiosira sp. sum 12 50 sum sum sum
20 200
25 300
30 500
45 1 000
Triceratium favus x 34 70 x 50 1 000 x 50 1 000
110 800
Trigonium alternans x 22 100 x 35 300 x 35 300 x 35 300
24 100
35 300
Biddulphiales indet 1 x ? ? x 15 65 x 15 65
Biddulphiales indet 2 x ? ? x 30 300 x 30 300
Biddulphiales indet 3 x ? ? x 50 2 000 x 50 2 000
Biddulphiales indet 4 x ? ? x 70 4 000 x 70 4 000
Biddulphiales indet 5 x ? ? x 100 10 000 x 100 10 000
Biddulphiales indet 6 x ? ? x 150 25 000 x 150 25 000
Biddulphiales indet 7 x ? ? --- x 180 40 000
Biddulphiales indet 8 x ? ? --- x 200 70 000
Biddulphiales indet sum sum sum
Dinophyceae
Amphidinium sp. 1 x ? ? --- x 15 50
Amphidinium sp. 2 --- --- x 25 100
Amphidinium sp. 3 --- --- x 40 500
Amphidinium sp. sum 8;12 30 sum sum
12;15 50
Ceratium furca x 30-50 4 000 x 50;250 4 000 x 50;250 4 000 x 50;250 4 000
Ceratium fusus x 15-30 2 500 x 40;700 3 000 x 15-30 2 500 x 40;700 3 000
Ceratium horridum x 30 3 000 x 45;300 4 000 x 45;300 4 000 x 45;300 4 000
Ceratium lineatum x 30 1 000 x 40;150 1 500 x ? 900 x 40;150 1 500
Ceratium longipes x 50 4 000 x 50;200 4 000 x 50;200 4 000
Ceratium macroceros x 50 4 000 --- x 60;300 5 000
Ceratium tripos x 75 10 000 x 80;350 10 000 x 80;350 10 000 x 80;350 10 000
Dinophysis acuminata x ? ? x 45 800 x 45 800
Dinophysis acuta x ? ? --- x 70 2 000
Dinophysis caudata --- --- --- 90 2 000
Dinophysis norvegica x ? ? x 60 2 000 x 60 2 000
Dinophysis sp. 1 x ? 500
Dinophysis sp. 2 x ? 1 000
Dinophysis sp. 3 x ? 2 000
Dinophysis sp. x 20;30 200 x 45 1 000 sum x 45 1 000
30;45 500
40;50 1 000
Fragilidium subglobosum --- --- --- 40 1 000
Gonyaulax spinifera x ? ? x 35 1 000 x 35 1 000
Gymnodinium mikimotoi --- x 25 400 ---
Gymnodinium sanguineum --- --- --- 40 800
Gymnodinium sp. 1 x ? ? x 20 100 x 20 100
Gymnodinium sp. 2 x ? ? x 35 500 x 35 500
Gymnodinium sp. 3 x ? ? --- x 40 900
Gymnodinium sp. 4 x ? ? x 50 2 000 x 50 2 000
Gymnodinium sp. sum sum sum
Gyrodinium sp. 1 --- --- x ? 20 ---
Gyrodinium sp. 2 --- --- x ? 100 ---
Gyrodinium sp. 3 x ? ? x 20 200 x 20 200
Gyrodinium sp. 4 --- --- x ? 1 000 ---
Gyrodinium sp. 5 x ? ? x 50 1 300 x 50 1 300
Gyrodinium sp. 6 x ? ? x 75 4 500 x 75 4 500
Gyrodinium sp. 7 --- --- x ? 5 000 ---
Gyrodinium sp. 8 x ? ? x 100 10 000 x 100 10 000 x 100 10 000
Gyrodinium sp. sum 10;35 100 sum sum sum
20;50 500
30;70 1 000
50;80 5 000
70;90 7 000
Heterocapsa niei --- --- --- 15 80
Heterocapsa triquetra --- --- --- 15;25 100
Noctiluca scintillans x 250 50 000 x 500 200 000 x ? 150 000 x 500 200 000
350 100 000 450 150 000 600 250 000
Phalacroma rotundatum x ? ? --- x 45 1 000
Polykrikos sp. 1 x ? ? x 80;45 4 000 x 80;45 4 000
Polykrikos sp. 2 x ? ? x 150;60 15 000 x 150;60 15 000
Polykrikos sp. sum 45;80 4 000 sum x ? 4 000 sum
Prorocentrum balticum x ? ? x 12 40 ---
Prorocentrum micans 1 x 30;50 1 000 x 30; 50 600 x 30; 50 600
Prorocentrum micans 2 x 45;70 2 000 x 45; 70 2 000 x 45; 70 2 000
Prorocentrum micans sum sum sum
Prorocentrum sp. x ? 600
Protoperidinium brevipes --- --- x 25 500
Protoperidinium claudicans --- --- x 75;60 7 000
Protoperidinium conicum --- --- x 75;60 7 000
Protoperidinium depressum x 150 20 000 x 150 20 000 x 150 20 000
Protoperidinium divergens x ? ? --- x 80;55 8 000
Protoperidinium ovatum x ? ? --- --- 60;70 9 500
Protoperidinium pellucidum x ? ? --- x 50 4 500
Protoperidinium punctulatum --- --- x 55 5 000
Protoperidinium sp. 1 x 25 500 x 25 500 x 25 500
Protoperidinium sp. 2 x ? 700
Protoperidinium sp. 3 x 35 1 000 x 35 1 000 x 35 1 000
Protoperidinium sp. 4 x 45 2 000 x 45 2 000 x 45 2 000
Protoperidinium sp. 5 x ? 3 000
Protoperidinium sp. 6 x 60 5 000 x 60 5 000 x 60 5 000
Protoperidinium sp. 7 x 80 10 000 x 80 10 000 x 80 10 000 x 80 10 000
Protoperidinium sp. 8 x ? 20 000
Protoperidinium sp. sum sum sum sum
Pyrocystis noctiluca x 20;120 1 000 x 25;130 1 000 x 25;130 1 000
Pyrophacus horologium x ? ? --- 80;50 6 500
Scrippsiella trochoidea --- --- x 20;25 500
Torodinium robustum x ? ? --- x 55;22 750
Dinophyceae indet flat 1 x ? ? x 30; 20 200 x 30; 20 200
Dinophyceae indet flat 2 x ? ? --- --- 45; 25 500
Dinophyceae indet flat 3 x ? ? --- x 60; 30 1 000
Dinophyceae indet flat 4 x ? ? --- x 80; 45 3 000
Dinophyceae indet flat 5 x ? ? --- x 90; 45 4 000
Dinophyceae indet flat sum sum sum
Dinophyceae indet round 1 x ? ? x 10 30 x 10 30
Dinophyceae indet round 2 x ? ? x 20 300 x 20 300
Dinophyceae indet round 3 x ? ? x 30 800 x 30 800
Dinophyceae indet round 4 x ? ? --- x 45 2 000
Dinophyceae indet round 5 x ? ? x 50 2 500 x 50 2 500
Dinophyceae indet round 6 x ? ? --- x 60 5 000
Dinophyceae indet round 7 x ? ? --- x 80 10 000
Dinophyceae indet round 8 x ? ? --- x 100 15 000
Dinophyceae indet round sum sum sum
Dinophyceae indet sum 15 100 sum sum
20 300
30 800
50 2 000
70 5 000
Dictyochophyceae
Dictyocha sp.ulum x 25 100 x 25 200 ---
Dictyochophyceae x ? 100
Ebria tripartita --- --- --- 25 200
Prymnesiophyceae
Coccolithophorid indet 1 x ? ? x 5 5 --- ---
Coccolithophorid indet 2 x ? ? x 15 100 x 15 100 ---
Coccolithophorid indet sum 5.5 5 sum sum sum
10 10
15 50
20 200
Phaeocystis sp. 1 x ? ? x 6 10 x 6 10
Phaeocystis sp. 2 x ? ? --- --- 10 20
Phaeocystis sp. sum 10 20 sum x 6 10 sum
Flagellates
Flagellate indet 1 --- --- --- 3 3
Flagellate indet 2 --- --- x 5 5
Flagellate indet 3 x ? 10
Flagellate indet 4 --- --- x 6;10 20
Flagellate indet 5 x ? ? x 8; 15 40 x 8;15 40
Flagellate indet 6 x ? 50
Flagellate indet 7 x ? ? x 10; 20 70 x 10;20 70
Flagellate indet 8 x ? ? --- x 15;25 300
Flagellate indet sum 4;8 10 sum sum sum
6;10 20
10;15-20 50
Ciliates
Helicostomella subulata --- 50;100 5 000
Laboea conica --- 30;100 2 000
Laboea sp. 1 x 20 200
Laboea sp. 2 --- 25;40 1 000
Laboea sp. sum
Laboea strobila --- 50;100 4 000
Lohmanniella sp. 1 --- 35 2 000
Lohmanniella sp. 2 --- 60 7 000
Lohmanniella sp. sum
Myrionecta rubra 1 x 20 500
Myrionecta rubra 2 x 30 1 500
Myrionecta rubra 3 40 3 000
Myrionecta rubra sum
Ciliate indet 1 x 12 100
Ciliate indet 2 x 15 200
Ciliate indet 3 x 20 500
Ciliate indet 4 x 30 1 500
Ciliate indet 5 x 40 3 000
Ciliate indet 6 x 50 6 000
Ciliate indet 7 x 80 10 000
Ciliate indet 8 x 100 20 000
Ciliate indet sum
Foraminifera indet 1 --- 30 1 500
Foraminifera indet 2 x 60 4 000
Foraminifera indet sum
