Selected Specimens of the Bihari Language.
Edited and Trnnslated by Oeorge A. Grierson.
Part II, The Bhoj'pürl dialect. The Git Nwka Ba¬
nijar'wä.
As promised in my former paper in this journal (ZDMG. XXIX,
617), I now submit to the members of the German Oriental Society a
specimen of the Bhoj'pürl dialect. This, the most western of the
true dialects of the Bihari Language, for Bais'wärl, which lies again to its west is a border dialect possessing many of the peculiarities
of Hindi, is spoken in its purity in the districts of Shähäbäd,
Säran, and Baliyä. It has a Western variety spoken about Azam¬
garh, Banäras, and Jaun'pür, which is the form of the dialect
treated of by Dr. Hoernle in his Gaudian Grammar. Purther par¬
ticulars regarding this dialect will be found in Part II of my
Seven Grammars of the dialects and subdialects of the Bihari
Language (London, Trübner).
The following song is published exactly as it was taken down
for me from an itinerant singer in the Shähäbäd district. It was
obtained for me by Bäbü Siva Nandan Läl Räy, a Deputy Ma¬
gistrate, and a gentleman who takes a great interest in the con¬
dition of his native language , a circumstance which is , I regret,
not frequently met with in Bihär. The song deals with a common
feature of Bhoj'pur! Life '), — the long journeys which travelling
merchants {hanijär) of that district take to Nepal in search of
rice. They go with hundreds of pack-bullocks , which they bring
back laden with the food-grain which they sell at Pat'nä, whence
it is distributed via Calcutta all over the world under the name
of 'Patna rice". Another important article of commerce which
they bring down is oil-seeds , in which many German mercantile
houses have made fortunes. It must be explained, however, that
1) Tlio name Bhoj'pürl is derived from Bhoj'pur, a parganS or fiscal division of the Shäliäbäd district. The Maliäräj of Bhoj'pur claims descent from RSja Bhoja.
Grierson, Selected Specimens of tlie Bihäri Language. 4ß9
by Nepal is meant tbe strip of land between the northern frontier
of British India, and the foot of the Himalaya Monntains. This
tract is divided into two tracts , the Tarai to the West , and the
Morang to the East. It will be noticed that the Motiv of this
song is very similar to that of the Git Nebärak, which has been
published in my former paper.
Although not in metre , the poem is couched in rhythmical
language adapted to singing. The rhythmical rule is that generally
each line commences with a spondee ( ) or anapa;st (- - -), and
that each line ends with a spondee, generally preceded by a bacchic
) or by an anaptest preceded by a short syllable - -
the initial spondee or anapaest, and the final spondee are generally merely expletive words without meaning.
Regarding the Alphabet and the system of transliteration
adopted herein, the reader is referred to my former paper.
The following sketch of the phase of the Bhoj'pürl dialect
preserved in these poems may be useful. It aims at presenting,
in the shape of a grammar the various Grammatical forms which
will be found in the text. In each case I have given a reference
where a sample of the form given will be found. The number
refers to the line of the Git Naikä Banijar'wä.
Substantives.
Gases are formed by suffixing post-positions, as follows
Acc. ^
Instr. t
Dat. ^
Abi. IT
Gen. ^, (obl.) ^T; or SRT, (fern.) ^pO"
Loc. ^: Ti:
The form ^ of the genitive has an oblique form which
is used, like the Hindi where the object possessed is in an
oblique case. differs from ^ in being used even with a femi¬
nine object. In Hindi <SR^ would then be used. has no oblique
form. When its object is feminine, it frequently, but not always,
takes a feminine form ^iT^. Examples of the use of these post¬
positions, are the following.
Acc. Line 603, »Tff'^ # ^ '^^^T 'SHC^,
'Mahichand took away Bäri to his own house'.
Instr. L. 319, % %f\^\ 'Explain the reason
at once (with quickness)'.
Dat. L. 128, T^ ^ ^rf*«<«t<<<T, 'For her hus¬
band's brother she writes her blessing',
Ahl. L. 182, ^ fTT^ ^^T^T %, 'A letter has
come from Har'di Bazar'.
Gen. L. 8, gf'TTf ^ 'I call to mind the
Brahma of the village'.
L. 120, 'ffSn ^ f^f^^T (fem.), 'She wrote the
letter summoning her husband to perform her gauna (letter of
her gauna').
L. 36, ^fT ^ T^Nt 'With a brahmanical
thread of gold (will I honour) the five Pandavas'.
L. 14, ^ «Rtf^ (%) ^R^n^TT, '(My Mother),
from whose womb (fem.) 1 took my birth'.
L. 156, fT ^ ^T^, 'I seek the house
of Näika .
L. 101, WVl ^ 'Wf ft^, 'I will make my father's
name (fern.) a laughing stock'.
L. 2, ^Sl*4^ il ^f^T ^HR: f^, 'The Sun-
God, whose light (fem.) burns every day'.
Loc. L. 202, ^I'W ^^TT'W ■^f^rar, 'A blot will fall
(upon us) in the family'.
L. 48. ^TT ^T-^fT^n, 'On the upper story
there is an upper room'.
Some nouns have, exceptionally, an oblique form before post¬
positions. This has various forms. The commonest is that in
which seems to be connected with the Mägadhi Präkrit geni¬
tive in ■'SlTf. This form occurs in Maithili also, and several
examples were given in my former paper. The following Bhoj'pürT
examples occur in the Git Näikä Banijar'wä 'the front'
jyiJK, 'a well'
^^TX, 'a doorway' 'a brother-in-law'
^fT, 'a father-in-law's house'
^T, 'gold'
obl. (518), 'in front'
. TITT (248)
, (270)
, t^TT (128)
, ^TT (540)
^«TT (36) or ^T^ff (385)
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihärl Language. 471
An older oblique form, directly connected with Apabhram9a
Präkrit, in or is also found. The following examples occur.
WK^, 'the act of doing' obl. ^T'^ (337)
'gold' , a^Wfi (385)
Closely connected with these forms are the obUque forms in
of 1st verbal nouns in T- These correspond to the Maithili
oblique forms in '5, dealt virith at length in my former paper.
As they are very common in the Git Näikä Banijar'wä, it is not
necessary to give all the instances of their occurrence. The foll¬
owing examples will suffice.
^Tf*!, 'the act of bringing' obl. ■^TT'T (249)
^ifr, 'the act of doing' , «BT (251)
Finally we have an isolated oblique form which, though
occurring in a non-Indian word , I connect with the Apabhramea
termination ft (Hem. Ch. 338). It is
'silk- obl. T^-^ (405)
Two cases occur of the very rare nominative plural in TJ
(see Hoernle's Comparative Gr. § 361 Ex.). They are JSff from
XR^fCK 'a fiower',-- and MI») from MIfl 'a leaf. Both these words
occur in line 47.
Many nouns have a strong form of the nominative singular.
The oldest strong form is formed by lengthening the Apabhramea
Präkrit Nominative termination in ^ or i'^^). Examples are
^TT) 'a brother-in-law' str. f ^'fl (364)
'Brahma „ T^f^ (8)
This last Apabhramea termination may be contracted into
which may again be weakened in the modem vernaculars into
We thus get the following examples which should be distin¬
guished from oblique forms having the same termination.
'a husband' str. f (54)
»C^T, 'the giiunä ceremony' , JTI^ I (11)
'a horse' „ (309).
As in Maithili so in Bhoj'pürl there is an instmmental in \,
and a locative in IJ. The instances which occur in the poem now
printed are the following.
? '. *
^^■■^T ('^(^T), 'a thumb' Instr. '^^'^ (484)
^rapT, 'whole grain' , (35)
(obl. base of 'what?') , (21)
'a castrated goat' , ^ff^ (40;
f^fwr (^), 'rage' , f^Tw^ (560)
«r^^T (5r%^), 'a brahmanical , (36)
thread'
VT'^T CVitTT), 'a stream' , (40)
'Ttf-^T («ftf ), 'a finger-nail' , 'ftf^ (44)
ITE^T, 'a cloth' , (39)
TJ^T [Vjii), 'a kid' , trf^ (41)
f^-^ (ift^), 'a pudding' , fira^ (41)
*f%, 'a buffalo' , W (42)
, 'a fowl' , (33)
'5T1', 'a sweetmeat' „ 'ST'^ (37)
. '*
ftir, 'a hand' , ffW (132)
yf'T^T (^), 'an oblation' „ (34)
In addition to the above there is fonnd, in Western Bhoj'pürl,
a curious instrumental in Hi, for which I have not as yet been
able satisfactorily to account. Several possible derivations suggest
themselves for it, but none of them has been as yet conclusively
proved. One example occurs iu the following song viz. (93),
from ij^T, 'a Dom'.
The following are the instances which occur of the locative
in ^l.
W^, 'front' loc. (149), 'before'
'a family' , ^ (553)
IT, 'a neck' , 1^ (397)
afr^, 'a leg' , »ft^ (358)
'fr^, 'lap' , ift^ (598)
, 'rear' - TTT# (150), 'behind'
'rear' « ^Ttf| (520), 'behind'
'a forest' » (599)
'. «
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihari Language. 473
WTWK, 'exterior' loc. '^'^ (447), 'outside'
Wf, 'companionship' „ ^ (139), 'with'
?r1f^, 'truth' , ^r¥% (170), 'truthfully-
^^ra-^ , 'the act of , ^'Rf^ (25)
hearing'
^fW, 'the act of hearing' , (58)
One instance of the older form (in f^) of this locative sur¬
vives in the word tq^ff (418) 'in the midst", from
'middle'.
Nouns appear in three forms, a short, a long, and a redun¬
dant. The short form may be weak or strong. I have already
dealt with strong forms. Por particulars concerning these forms
see Hcernle, Gaudian Grammar § 195, & If., and my seven grammars of the Bihär dialects. Introduction § 12. Owing to metrical require¬
ments, by which nearly every line concludes with an anapaest
followed by a spondee, these long forms, nearly all of which end
in an anapaest, are very common in this poem. I only give a few
examples.
a) Regular Masculine Song forms in TT.
^Rt\l, 'a person without wits' Ig. f ^BHt^J'TT (70)
'careful' , <s|J1<,4<-^ (338)
aifW, 'poor' , ^rfr^-^ (283)
T^U^ 1^, 'a chandäla' , ^^S«!» TT (452)
'^T, 'a thief , '^'TT (452)
arfl^TT» 'a head constable' , ai*i^<,'Tr (314)
f^WK, 'life' , fSf'^TT'TT (201)
rtf ftW^TT, 'a tax-collector' , TTf ftra'T'^'Tr (514)
<fK, 'a river-bank' „ "RTT"^ (207)
^mr, 'a doorway' , ^^"Tf (164)
'a bridegroom' , (275)
Tl"f7^T,'a blow with both hands' , ^tftT-TT (88)
\rrT, 'a stream' , VT"^ (40)
fV^'^TT, 'shame!' , f>iIT"^"^ (112)
xrfl^, 'a pandit' , *}f%7T'^ (136)
T^f^, 'a Pändava' , ^"^T (7)
V^M, 'near lg. f- ^^ W\ (81)
^<*^S^, 'Brahma , ^ (26)
^'57^, 'a narrative' , t^'^ (232)
«tr; excessively' , '^TT t^'TT (399)
♦l^Sj-'ST, 'a marriage-song' , Tl^"^ (93)
^mS, 'pardon' , WTT (498)
Wm%, 'counsel' , Wf'^ (255)
'the act of hearmg' , ^W^T (625)
'a cause' , fTT'^ (319)
Very often this final W\ is nasalized, thus
•WT^, 'ornaments' Ig. f. ^'T^'^f (296)
'there- , ^T'^l' (516)
B>^»T, 'profession' , ^^ A^ (284)
■V^, 'where?- , ^'^t (169)
'TTT, 'The Gauna ceremony' , ^T"^f (57)
, (147)
, afrV-STT (620)
lt^, 'a village' , (145)
'a slap' , ^Z-^'T-^I' (52)
nom. prop. , '^"^PT'^'f (509)
TTff, 'there' , (584)
JIM, 'price' . J^"^ (515)
f^-»r, 'a day' r f^'^ (117)
f^'T'T, 'an enemy' , f^ff-TST'^ (355)
^^•»nT, 'a tutelary deity' „ g^-^T^'^f (293)
T^, 'a saying' , T^-^f (80)
Wf^, 'a shop-keeper , ^ft^^f (160)
'a rolhng-pin' , t^'^ (389)
^f^T, 'a month' , JTffT-^ (552)
'an order' , ^^'^f (392)
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihärl Language. 475
b) Regular Masc. in T and f^.
^m\, 'an oilman' Ig. f. HfWr (161)
'a brother' » ^ (75)
■^jlff^"', 'a husband' n (79)
c) Regular Masc. in ^ and ^.
, 'a brahmanical thread' Ig. f. (195)
HTT,<^^' 'a tent' fl HTW (431)
•n^, 'a barber' fl «Nji (137)
ATAj 'a gentleman' n W^ (174)
mas, 'a merchant' n WW (176)
d) Sometimes long forms end in or T^, thus.
Wr^, 'to day' Ig- f- (443)
'gff, 'there' « ^3ff (429)
^iHrf , 'yesterday T) ^if^flj (226)
c|mrj5 , 'tomorrow' n «liTjSli (497)
Altogether irregular is
•rt^, 'a name' Ig. f (101), a
^W-
e) Regular feminines. Examples are :
iliTT^, 'an upper chamber' Ig. f Treft^T (63)
T^'H^, 'virginity' fl T^rfTRTT (375)
'9^'^, (fem.) 'alone' fl jraf^'TT (231)
■?n , 'a woman fl ^fWn^ (313)
^•tifn, 'a low caste' B <J5|fH^T (203)
'news' fl IRfr^T (360)
■q^^, 'a sheet' fl T<<(R<JT (358)
■«CIMlO) 'name of a game Tt ^qft'IT (491)
^TT^t, 'eighty-four' fl ^Wr^rr (403)
fflO ) 'a woman' fl fHfW (476)
%M 10^, 'preparation' fl ^^rfW (345)
fft^, 'a pot' fl TftfW (386)
'pain' Ig. f <<r<*(i (77)
^md, 'ink-stand' , ^^frraT (124)
'eyesight' , 'r^fW (222)
•ft^, 'sleep' , f^f^T (448)
WmVH ('TR), 'justice' , M^T (622)
mrt, 'kid' , tjfsT^T (41)
f^^rrt, 'yellow' , f^IllfW (529)
l5f%ff7T, 'disgrace' , «*f^ffH^T (307)
^TTT, 'a market' , ^irfr^ (173)
^VfT) 'congratulatory song' , •^^(^^ (606)
f^T^T) 'permission to depart' , f^t^T (594)
^fS, 'the act of sitting' , (583)
'^^TT, 'a sister-in-law' , (62)
TTT, 'a mother' , ^ (23)
'a road' , T^fW (97)
TT^TT, 'explanation' , TTt«n (282)
TfTT, 'help' , (12)
TTTITfr, 'a father-in-law's house' , TTTfr^T (247)
■J»^*1*1, 'modesty' , 5T:Tf7raT (295)
^T, 'oblation' , ^VhMI (34)
f) Often the final vowel is nasalized, thus.
«»«Hl, 'speech' Ig. f M*>«fif<jf (454)
Blff^*", 'place' , 'l^f (1)
T^^iT^) 'shop' , TI'^'^Y (243)
vft, 'a lady' , Vfr^f (421)
•nfiifii, 'a she-snake , TfllfT«jf (16)
"1 'a word' , AfWfli' (95)
V/±_ut
^ , 'earth' , «T^ (1)
"'^■•it, 'lading' , ^'H^f (134)
g) The foUowing is an example of a feminine noun
TTT, 'a mother-in-law' Ig. f. TTt (548)
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Language.
h) Feminine tatsamas in W are treated like masculines.
Examples are
^^n, 'the Goddess Durga Ig. f. (11)
fW^, 'blame' , f'l'^-^T (557)
TTTTT, 'a mother „ TTTTTT (185)
i) Many masculine nouns take feminine long forms in a dimi¬
nutive, contemptuous, or endearing sense. Examples are
TWT ('^rr'Tj, 'knowledge' Ig. I i|-<lR*lT (18)
^^TT, 'a foot' , T?^^^ (17)
T^TiTT, 'a house' , T^fif'Tirf (433)
TT^T, 'refuge' , TTf^^ (9)
j) Sometimes nouns are considered as masculines and sometimes
as feminines, according to the sense of the passage. Examples are
•^•TFT, 'a rider' Ig. f. ^-TT-Tr (309)
, ''ÜT-^fW (416)
5^%TS, 'a door' , ^^T^-^ (476)
, S^erf^^ (183)
^1, 'a mark' , ^-^T (544)
, (202)
'a word' , ^f^H (80)
, SRf^f (74)
TfW, 'a house' , TfW^T (539)
, Tff^T (51)
TTf;5r, 'a tax' , TTW^T (321)
, TTf^ (328)
k) The following examples of redundant forms occur.
TTT, 'a brother' red.f ^^TT (172)
^•fWr, 'a rupee' „ ^P'TT (252)
ft^, 'a sickle' , fTW (289)
TTTT, 'a tent', is given a feminine redundant form TTTTTT (221),
although it is given a masculine long form, TTTW (431).
Emphatic forms. Many nonns are emphasized or made
definite by the addition of the particles ff or The syllables
coalesce with the final vowel of the word into TI, or even
Examples are
in!% (555), (544), (55), (2), (234),
(319), T^ (255); ^'ft (56), ^■'ft (612), ^ (44)^
TlHt (7); TJ^ (161), (109).
Gender.
The following instances of feminine forms of nouns and ad¬
jectives occur in the poem.
a) Substantives.
TTT, 'a snake' fem. llPlfT (16)
trf^fTT, 'a water-bearer' , ^f^^lf^fT (249)
%ZT, 'a son* , (175)
^^T, 'a youth' , #fft (281)
ffr, nom. prop. , ffrtT (239)
The word Wf^^, which is masculine in form, and means a
child, is sometimes used for a female child, e. g., v. 113.
b) Adjective used substantively.
'yellow' fem. fW<t (145)
c) Adjectives used attributively.
'one' fem. TRIi'^ (206)
'grey - (16)
Pro nouns.
T; gen. masc. dir. TtT (112), Ttt (65); (fern.) *Ttft
(183), »Ttft (86); gen. obl. TtTT (567).
fT, T; nom. fT (15); obl. base. *fT (576); acc. *fW (559);
dat. *fif (385); fT'TT ^ (92); gen. masc. dir. *fTT (569),
fTT (409), fTTT (506); emph. fT'Tt (68); fem. *fTft (74),
(Ig. f.) *fT-fT^ (186); obl. fT'TT (225).
* Forms marked with an asterisk are not given in my Bhoj'pürl grammar.
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Latiguage. 479
^, 'thou'; nom. and voc. \ (53, 422), ^ (131, 368); obl.
base rftfTT (143); acc. *gf (369); gen. masc. dir. TfTT (528),
Tfrt (54), «fr-ft (320); obl. TftTT (393), TTtfTT (258); fern.
*<ftft (83), *TftffT (375).
*
^HTT, 'self; nom. "VJ^ (540); obl. base, VI'TT (72); gen.
masc. dir. (11), (600); str. f. or emph. TR-^ft (57,
125); obl. WIT (59); fem. *Wrf% (30), *W«ft (63).
t, 'this'; subst. nom. tf (155); subst. obl. fTf'liT (295);
acc. emph. *T^t[ (308); adj. dir. tl (256); emph. ^ft (568).
^, 'that'; subst. obl. Wtff (364), (406), (old form)
*Tfff (49); adj. obl., ^ftff (621), ^ (162); gen. masc. dir.
^'fiT (176).
it, 'who'; subst. nom. »f^f^ (14), ^TT (393); adj. dir.
farf*f (12), (252); adj. obl. Tff (132); gen. dir. ifliT (2).
'he' (correlative); snbst. nom. fftT (394); acc. *<Ty (323);
emph. *fTT^ (16), subst. obl. (+Tff (50); adj. dir. *tf (448),
*?fHT (253).
^, 'who?'; subst. nom. *^ (322); adj. dir. ''^^ (60);
gen. obl. ^'TT (318).
«BT, 'what?' (neut.); subst. nom. ^T (608); subst. obl.
(528), 'BTT (53); instr. ^fW (21).
t_
W^, 'any one', 'someone'; nom. subst. (413); subst. obl.
^ (471).
Verbs.
The following paradigms of the K^^j 's^^' ^^'^ built up
ou the various verbal forms occurring through the poem here
printed. Sometimes one verbal form suggests the existence of
another form which is not found in the poem. These suggested
forms I have also given, enclosing them in marks of parenthesis,
thus (^'HT). It will be seen that the conjugation of the verb
in the Git Naikä Banijar'wä, closely agrees with that given in my
Bhoj'pürl grammar (seven Grammars of the dialects and sub-dialects
of the Bihäri Language, Part II). Sometimes older forms than
those therein given are found. E. g. , while the grammar gives
third persons plural in ^ , the poem has the older form
in ^rf'f («I liPf ). Nasals also are sometimes omitted, e. a.
>4f 0*»
"^'sC'äfl' for ^^'Wt. Such forms, which do not occur in the
grammar, I have marked with an asterisk, as above. The conju¬
gation of the Bhoj'pürl verb is much simpler than that of the
Maithili one. There are rarely more than one or two forms for
each person, while in Maithili seven or eight is not an uncommon
number. This distinction is typical of the two nationalities. The
Maithili is an intensely conservative home-abiding cultivator, caring
little for communication with the outer world. In no part of
India is the pressure of population so severe as in Mithilä, where
it varies from 900 to nearly 1000 per square mile, — yet not
even the dire necessity of famine will induce him to leave his
village and emigrate. The Bhoj'pürl of Shähäbäd, on the contrary,
is found all over Northern India. Wherever bravery and trust¬
worthiness are required there he is found. He forms the bulk of
the Bengal army, and is by nature a traveller and a fighting man.
The district of Shähäbäd is the great recruiting field in India
for Colonial Emigration. Such a nationality has developed a vi¬
gorous practical speech for every day use, unencumbered by the
multiplex gi-ammatical apparatus and survivals of antiquity, which
makes the archaic Maithili so interesting to the philologist.
In the following Paradigms, I first give the forms of the
auxiliary verbs which occur in the song. They are as follows.
Verbs.
1) Auxiliary verbs. — (v. Bhoj'puri grammar §§ 47 & ff.).
ymz, — pres. 1) ^TPpf (483); 2) fem. TTS (70); 3) TTt
(341), TT% (161), TT (184), *TTZf»f (328), *TT^ (216);
(redundant form) TT^^ (48); fem. TTjft (106), TTft (62).
ViA, - pres. 1) (466); 2) ^ (451); 3) ^ (155),
ft (18); (49); fern. ^ (294).
Pret. (Magahl form), 1) ^ (425).
, — 0. pres. 3) t% ^50).
Pres. 2. fem. Tfff (76).
Pret. 1) Tf-Tt (63), Tf'^ (50); 3) (146); fem.
Tf"^ (412); verb. noun. obl. (629); pres. part. loc. Tf'^^ (418).
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihärl Language. 481
b) Tbe Regular and Irregular Verbs.
These are conjugated as follows. Roots in WT and W
have often special forms owing to the contraction of concurrent
vowels. I therefore give those which occur under each tense , the
yrrr 'obtain', and j/WT 'eat', being the standards which I have
adopted.
Irregular forms are noted under each tense.
The Preterite and connected tenses of transitive verbs, differ
in the third person from the corresponding tenses of intransitive
verbs. They are hence given separately, y 'fall', being taken
as the standard of the intransitive verbs.
Present Ind.
1) t#Tf (376).
2) ^^Ri (131); fem."^#|r (77).
3) "^^WT (496), (565); »^#Wf^ (54); fern. ^#wt
(255).
The in-egular V^^, 'give', has 1) (376) — no examples
occur of the other persons.
The roots in WT, have forms corresponding to 3) TT^% (532).
The roots in W have 2) 'aW* (65); 3) ^TTÜ (65); ♦^^1111-
fH (54).
Present Conj., and Old Pres. Ind.
1) ^4ff (162), (156).
2) (^); fem. ^ (275).
3) ^ (69), (568).
The irregular )/ % has 3) % (19).
No instances occur of roots in WT or W in this tense.
Future Indicative.
1) ^'tf (100); fem. ^^'^ (306).
2) ^'^ (133) (used vnth a fem. subject, 363), (319),
^•T* (345); fem. (57).
3) (321), (555).
Bd. LXIII. 81
The irregular Y\, 'give' has 1) ^ff (98); 2) (184);
fem. (200); so also /ft 'take', 2) (133), (130);
fem. ^ (14).
Roots in WT drop the final A in the future , and are con¬
jugated like verbs in W. Roots in WT and W have therefore
forms corresponding to the following, — 1) ^rf (97); 2) ^ (319),
^T* (207); fem. ^ (365); 3) W (56).
Preterite ind.
W
1) ^'Tf (63), ^"Tt (507), »^'^ (566).
2) (132); fem. ^'T (618).
|(Trans.) (302); fem. ^^'Wt (121).
3 Ulntrans.) fT^W (76), fTT't (179); fem. fT^fT (330), fr-
I (419).
\tJ
The irregular V 'do' has 1) fiTt (226); 2) (307);
fem. fiT (557); 3) fi^ (307); so also / VT, 'seize', 'place', has
3) ^ (187), fem. (312).
The irregular \/ %, 'give has 1) (^ff), f^'#f (508);
2) (^T^), flr?'T* (623); 3) ^ (120), f^f % (178); fem. ^
(398), f^'^ (392); so also / it, 'take', has 1) (%#ff), fr-
f#r (14); 3) (144), fTf% (245); fem. %Wt (124), f%-
f (493).
The irregular / TT, 'go', has 3) 5Ht (145); fem. (59).
Roots in WT have forms corresponding to 1) 4*1 "sfV (624);
2) (ift^); fem. ^ (92); 3) Tft% (284); fern. >^Tt (121).
Vt/
Roots in W have forms corresponding to 1) (174);
2) (225); 3) ^%(182); fem. (89), note that the
/ WT, 'come' in the past participle and in the preterite is con¬
jugated like a verb in W, but in the other tenses like a verb
in WT.
Griergon, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Language. 483
Imperative.
2) (141), (238), ^•'^ (134), ^'T^ (386),
^ (263); 3) ^ (286), (16).
The irregular \'%, 'give, has 2) ^ (262), JW (589),
^ (68), J^ (476), (386); 3) (285); so also }/%,
'take, has 2) %H (287), #F (264), ^ (139).
Roots in have forms corresponding to 2) (574),
TT4T (263), ^f* (470).
Roots in W have forms corresponding to 2) (470),
^TF (140), (134); 3) (286).
Preterite Conj.
This tense occurs only in the 2. fem., — ^«a'^ (93). Roots
in W have (94).
Periphrastic Tenses.
Periphrastic Present.
3) t^Tf TTZf^ (328).
Imperfect.
3) Tf (488).
Perfect.
Vt/ U,
1) T^-T TTTt (483); 3) fr (18), TT (184,
with fem. subj.), TT^f»f (216).
Intransitive verbs would have forms like fTTT TTTt (not
fTT'T) &c., but none such occurs.
Pluperfect.
Trans. ^ (^"T fT? (Magabi form) (425).^
Intrans. | fTT;T TfTf (63), fTTT Tf"^ (507).
3 ht^-T Tf%); fem. t^'T TfTt (487).
I fTTT Tf ^ (165), fTTT T% (526); fem. fTTT Tf Tt (436).
From the irregular y% 'give', we have the Magahl form
1) ^ fTt (425); from /WT 'come', 1) W^T TfTt (507),
31*
3 5
3) Tf'^ (567); and from / «RT 'do', 3) fern.
TfTt (487).
Durative future.
3) ^ ftff (424).
Future exact.
3) (from yWT 'come') ffff (364).
. It will be seen that all these tenses formed from the past
participle, as they occur in this poem, are formed directly and
not indirectly, although the indirect form is more usual in Shä¬
häbäd, where it was written down. Regarding the direct and
indirect form of these tenses, see my former paper on the Git
Dinä Bhadri.
Verbal nouns.
1) (59); (Ig. f.) (583); (final vowel lengthened)
metri causa, (238); obl. ^ (260), (old form) (71)_
Irregular forms, -— ^ (385), (178), ^ (388),
\ (392); - / - %T (286), t (124), % (78); _ /^äR:, _ ^
(142); - l/'ST, - (^), ^ (57); obl. 'lit (251).
Roots in TTT, — TTT (508), — from ]/WT 'come', WT (327).
Roots in W, — 'IITT (218).
2) t^ (506); Ig. i. J^A\ (625); from /WT, 'come,
WTT (506).
3) (t^T); old obl. t^-Tfir (337); loc. (58).
Conjunctive participle, formed by adding % to the
1st verbal noun.
^ % (316).
Regarding this ^, see Git Dinä Bhadri.
Present participle,
t^ (564); fem. (89); loc. (418).
Past participle.
t^ (348).
3 5
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Language. 485
II TT *<f*<<,'T II
Tfrtf TTTT Tt ^frtf f^fTTT t TT
Ttt TS ^frtf ^Tt T^ TT iNrr Ttfr Tt TTT f^ ^ TT
Tlt Tfrtf TT TffT TTT t TT
Tft TS ^frtf iJfT g^fTT t TT
Tlt TS r^Ttf TtT fTTTT TTTT t TT II M II
Tft TTS tjfrtf ^ ^ TttTT t TT
Tlt TTS rfrtf Ttrt t tt
TTTT »rt TTS gfrtf T"tT ^ TTf^ t TT
^jrT Tt TTS Tfrtf. TW ^ TTftrlf t TT
qiTTt Tfrtf «*<fl<*dTT t TT II <10 II
TTt TTS rfrtf ^rt ^^5ttt t tt
TTTT frf^ ftrt tItt t tt
xnrT TTt TTS rfrtf tttt ^ TTftrf t tt
TTTT frf^ i>T ^f% frfrf ^j^tttt t tt
tttt frf^ Tn% TTTTTT t TT II <^M II
TTTT frn^ '^Wr ^^rtt *iPif^<<T t tt
TTTT Tt rfrtf Tl? ^ TTfTTf ft TT
TTTT frfSf TT fl" TTfrrf ft TT
TTTT ^frft % ^f^ «fif «ft ^TTTTT ft TT
TTTT frf^ ^TTT ft% ft TfTT ft TT II ^^0 II
TTTT %fTW TTTff 'IWf ft TT
TTTT ^ifr^ TTTff f^fTTTT ft TT
jjm #f%f^ m%t ?m ft TT
TTTT '^fW TTltf TfT ^ ft TT
TTTT ^frW TTTff T^TY ^TTTT ft TT II '^M II
TTTT TTTff T^T # TT'fTT ft TT
TTTT TTTff tVt fTTTTf ft TT
TTTT ^tT TTTTT ftT T^ffff fr fT
TTTT #fT^ TTTff Ttrt ^ T^tfT ft TT
TTTT fifW TTTff 'fiTTf ^TT ft fT II ?0 II
TTTT TTT%1 ^ IfTT ft TT
TTTT 'IfW Tf fft TTTT ^ TTff ff ft fT
TTTT TTTWt Tf ^ TTffTf ft fT
TTTT ^T^ Tf Tf f 1^1 TT'Tf ft TT
TTTT T^ TTTff f^ffTfT ft fT II ?M II
TTTT TtfT ^ Tf^i? fHt ^5^T ft fT
TTTT Ttf ^ T^ f ^f ftT ft fT
TTTT T^ TTTff T^f ftT ft fT
TTTT fTTTff ^Tt % Tt^TT ft fT
fTit Vf^ TfTff T^ TT ft fT II 80 II
TTTT ff^T ff?^ Tf^T tTT ft fT
TTTT T% TfTff ^RTTt ^TT ft fT
TTTT ^fW TTTff ft fT
TTTT ^ ftf^ TTTT % TTffTf ft TT
TTTT ffTTt TfTff T^ # TTff Tlf ft fT II ÖM II
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Language.
II TT aftfT II
TTTT TftTTT TfWTT fTTTT ft TT
TTTT ^ TTt ^ flj^iTTTT fT TT
TTTT ^t3T fT ft'« ^sT^ftTT ft fT
TTTT f iff fT tfi fTTT-tfTTT ff fT
TTTT TTff fT t% ^ft ^fTT ft TT II MO II
TTTT Tttt 1^ TfTT TffTTT ft TT
TTTT ITTT TTt TZfifff ft fT
TTTt ^ t ^[tr ffTT^ ft fT
fTTt Ttt fifTT TTTf^ T"tTf JfiAl ft TT
TTtt tT TffTT ^ fTTTTT ft fT II MM II
TTTT fffr fTTft fftTfT ft fT
^rtt ^ TTf Tfft 5^fTff fr fT
TTTT T^ fff fTT^ Tft ff TT
TTtt ^ ^ Tf f T fflTT t fT
TTTT ^ ^TT TtifT ft fT II $0 II
TTTT ffr T% fTtt ^TfffT ft fT
TTTT Tff TTTt TTtt ^It^TT ft fT
aftrt fTT Tf t1 Tfft TZftTT ft fT
Ttrt TfTT ^Tf TT'JffT ft fT
»ftTt Ttt tfiT TTt TtTT J^ ff ff " "
TTTT wt Tf TffTT fi fTTTTfT ft fT
Ttrt fffT fTTft ffTTfT t fT
»ftrt ^ frft 'tfrff ft TT
TTTT fttr ^ TTft »IttTT ft TT
TTft TT ft TTT TfffiT TTT^ITT ft TT II ^0 ||
<k
TTTT TTTT fffTff ^ TPTTT ft TT
TTft TfTT % rtrr ^^tttT ft tt
TTTT TTTT TTT TTft TTTt ft TT
TTft ftfr ^ »^Tt Tfr TT fTff TTttrY ft
»^Tt TJfps ^TT TT% ft^TT ft TT II
»fNt TTTT Tf ^ TT T '^STTTT ft TT
Ttrt T^TT TT T^ ^Tf^TT ft TT
»rrrt tt % ts Tf^ TfrfiTT ft tt
Ttrt TT "Wf fTtffT ft TT
»^t TTTT TTTTf TTTt ft TT 11 ^0 ||
*fNt Tfr trt TTT Tt ^ fTfT ft fT
TTTT ftfT Tt fTft »ft^T ft fT
TTf ftft TTft TTf Tt iff fff ft fT
TTTT fttr ^ TTTT ff TfTft ft TT
TTTT Tff %T fTff Tfftff ft TT II '=M II
Ttft frft Tf ft Tfr^fT ft fT
TTTT Ttft TTft Tt4s TWfTf T ft fT
TTTT TTT TTTt ^T fT ^tfTfT ft fT
TTTT ftTff fs ^wt fTft *ft%TT ft fT
TTTT TTff fT^t fTft ffffTT ft fT II ^0 ||
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Language. 489
%A\ ftfr Tt TTft -^^1 ft TT
frft fTTT ^ TSfTfT fi^T ft TT
TTft ^ TT^ ^TT TIFTTT ft TT
.TTft ftlifT St?[ ^ 5TT TTIiTT ft TT
TJM\ TTTT TTT Ttft TTTt ft TT II II
^ ^ TTftrf ft TT
iftrt Tfr ttf Tff TT TTf^iTT ft TT
jftTt TTft '^tf TT TT frfffw ft TT
TTTT TfT ^ TT TffTTTT ft TT
Tff liTtf Ifr TTffTTT ft TT II 900 ||
iftrt TTT ^ t%tf ft TT
•^;TTT ^TT Tt 5^ Irtf ft TT
TTTT TTTT TTT «fNt TTTt ft TT
jftrt Tfr ^ TfTt TZffTT ft TT
TTTT Tfr ^Tt TTft ^T^fTTT ft TT II «iOM ||
TTTT TTff TTZt TTTT Tf TfTft ft TT
TTTT ^ TTT frft ^f^Tf ft IT
TTTT Ttf TTTt TT% TtTW ft ^f
TTTT TS TffTT % TnTTT^ ft IT
TTTT ftfr W TTTft TffTTT ft TT II <»<10 ||
TTTT iNT "^f TT% TtTT ft ^
TTTT TtT fTTT f^äTT^TTT ft TT
TTTT TTft TT ft TTT Tfwr Ttf TÜTT ft TT
TTft TTTT t #rtT ^I^Tf ft TT
TTft TTT ^t ftT ft TT II S<1M II
1:TTT tttt ttt TTft TTTt ft TT
Trm fTff VTIL '^T % f^fff fr tt
TTTT TfT ^ Tft ttf ft TT
TTtt Tfr Tftt TZfTTT ft TT
Titt frf^I wh%r ^ ftftTT fr TT II ^^0 II
TTTt TTTT t fTf^l i^^fr^ fr TT
TTTT TfT TTt TTTt ^TtfTTT ft TT
TTTT Tfr trt TUTt TZfTTT ft TT
TTtt ^ %Tt liTT ^rfTTT ft TT
TTTt fr^l TTTt TftT ftttTTT ft TT II IRM II
TTtt TTT Tt ^ fr^ TtT-TTt fr TT
TTTT TTf^ ^ fT% FfftTT ft TT
TTTT t^TT % fT% TfTTT^T ft TT
TTTT ^'^flf ^ fT% f^^TTT fr TT
TTTt Tft %ts fTft TTftTf fr TT II «1^0 ||
TT»ft T# TS tTTT J^ ft fT
TTTt tff ffr^ TT^ TTTTT ft TT
TTTt AfK tt TTTT ^TTTTf ft TT
TTTt TT tfr TtTT T^Tf fr TT
TTTT TTTT TTT TTTt ftwt ft TT II <^?M N
TTTT f?T ^5f%TTT fl^ftrt ft TT
TTTT 'PtTT Wtfi'^ tt^Nft fr TT
ffxSST Tft tts fTft TTftTf fr TT
ffr^ 'ftrrr w^fiTTT ^ ^3 ^ ht
ftr Tfr TTF 'fTTT TTTfTTT ft TT II «»80 II
ftr Tft ifTfft Vfrts ^T f^ff fr TT
TTTT tftTT fi f^ ^ "Ötts ft fT
Orierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Language. 491
W>n TTT TlfTT t TrffTT Irztf ft TT
7;ttt § tt ftr ^tf^TTT ft TT
TTTT t ftztt nt 'ftTT ^Tf ft TT II «)8M II
TTTT ^TT Tft T^TT TT TfffiTT ft TT
TTTT ttft ^ ftT ^TTT ft TT
^rfTfiT Tft tts fTfr TTftrf ft TT
TftfiT f^T »PKT TTt Tf% tt ft TT
Tft^T f^ »fKT fTW ^ tt ft TT II mo II
fT ttf «ftTT TTTfTTT ft TT
TTTT ttft 3t Tft^ T^TTT ft TT
ftr TTff »fhCT TTt Tf% tt ft TT
f^ TTff »fTTT fTW fft tt ft TT
ftr tf ^ TTTfTTT ft TT II «IMM II
TfffiT fT ^T3ft t^ fiT TTTT ft TT
^fT ttft Tt TftsfiT T^TTT ft TT
ftf TTf3 TT Ttt ft TT
TTTT ^ t^ Tt fiTTTTT ft TT
TTTT t^T Ttt TftTTf ft TT II '=\%0 ||
TTTT t^ TTT TT tftTT ft TT
TTTT tsfiT ^Ttf TT TTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt ftT ^ifTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt t^T fTTTT ft TT
TTTT tZT Tft t^T TTT^ ft TT 11 <^^^ II
TTTT tsBT ^ ^YZ T^ tTT ft TT
TTTT ttft ^t t7T T^TTT ft TT
ftr fiff Ttt TTTT ^TTT ft TT
ffTT lifff ll^ ^ mRTTT fr TT
ftf #r% #rt fits f^T ^ ffwr ft fr ii <\^o n
TTfT ftft ^ fff fftffT fr fT
TTfT fff tts %fiT tffT fr fT
TTfT ftT fT It fT<t fTftfT ft fT
TTfT ff% afTTT t^TftfT fT f T
TTfT tzt It fTTt ^ftftfT ft fT II q^M II
TTfT TtfiT fTf It ff; WfT fr fT
TTfT fTTt ft% Iff! fs ffftfT fr fT
TTfT fff ^ ftft ?fi ffftfT fr fT
TTfT tTf Tft tZT fffff ft fT
TTfT t tt fTfT fiT fffT fr fT II «1^0 n
TTfT fft t|[ fTfT fT f ffft ft fT
fTfT ftztt "^t fT^ ffftfT t ft fT
fTfT ftfr »fNt ft^sltt ftfIffT fr fT
ftft ft^it fT ^iftfT ^ f^fff fr fT
TTfT ftft Tt tfiT ^ fffT fr fT II <1«:q II
tzT frrftf tt ffffTT ftftTT fr fT
tZT fTff ^ Tf; Tf TFTT ft TT
TTTT ^ ftft tiTT 5^ ftftTT fT TT
tZT TTT ^ ^ff litftTfT fr TT
ff^ fTff «TTff f'tfT ^ ftTff fr fT <ieo II
TTfT TTT ttt tZT TffTT fr TT
ff*!^ fTff TTtf ^IfT k ftTff fr fT
TTTT ^ TTfT fff ^ftffT fr fT
ffTT fTff tlftfT fl f^fff fr fT
Grierson, Seieeted Specimens of tlie Bihäri Language.
A^'^ fft tff fRft TTTTT ft TT II qQM I
TTTT Tft t% %ZT T^TTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tr fTft TTftTf ft TT
TTTT ftr ^ Tftt Tt^T ft TT
TT t TT 'TTts ^ttT % f^TTf ft TT
TTTT ^ tu 'f^T ^ ftTTf ft TT II '^OO II
fTTT ftr TTfT Tftf TTtt ft^TTTT ft TT
TTTT TTfT W ^TTT 'W ^ftTT ft TT
TTTT TT tTT Wifff ^TfTTT ft TT
XrrTT TTTT fTT TTTT TTtt ft TT
TTTT ttft tt TTTT tt TfTft ft TT II ROM ||
^ tt« ftftTT fr TT
TfTT Tft tts fTl Ah ftTTT ft TT
TTTT TTff TT% tfiT TfTTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt TTI ^ ff fT
TTTT TTff TT% tflT TftTTTT ft TT II 'iqo M
tfrr ^TT TTt TTT frt ftTfT ft fT
TTTT TtTf t frt fT fTf>^TT ft TT
TTTT TtTf t TT% TT tfliTfT ft TT
TTTT Tff TTt ftwr TfffTT ft TT
jjKT ^ TTS tf TTFTTT ft TT II RSM «
TTTT T^ TT^ fff^^ ffRf^«! ff TT
TTTT T^ TT3f»f fit tfffffT ft TT
TTTT TTft «Üt TT TT W^ff ft TT
TTTT TTff fft tZT T^fff ft fT
TTTT TTT f ^ tfrr fftTTfT ft f T II RRO II
TTTT %m TT^ TTTTT ft TT
TTTT iHt Tf tmr ^T fTTTTT ft TT
TTTT TT^ Tft ITftTT ft TT
TTTT ttfr ^ t^T TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT TIT fTTT f fTTT ft TT II II
\V
TTTT WftfT? TÖ liTt fT TJTTT ft TT
TTTT liftf # ft^tt ftff TT% ft TT
TTTT t^ fTTT t TTTT ft TT
^TT ttfr tt t^ Ai ^TTT ft TT
tTT ftztt ^ fT^ TTffTT ft TT II R^O ||
tTT t %ts y<<if<fl«<l ftftTT ft TT
tTT tfft Trts ftftTT TTTTf ft TT
TTTT Tft TT% %^ TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT ttft TT% TTt TTTTf ft TT
TTTT ttft ^ t^ fftTT«TT ft TT II R^M II
Tjm Tft tts ftWr TTffTT ft TT
ftWT Tft T^ TT ffffT WTT ft TT
«<«IT1 ^ tr TTF tTTft ft TT
TTTT Tft tt t^T TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt TT fftfT WTT ft TT II RÖO ||
TTTT Tfff sfit IRi tfTTT ft TT
TTTT ^ ^tt iPfi TTtt «TTT ft TT
TTTT tft tt ft^ t^^Rftrf ft TT
TTTT wftt ft^ftTT ft TT
t^T ^ ftft TftTT ^ TTTT ft TT II RÖM II
TTTT Tft tt fTt^ TTftTT ft TT
Orierson, Seieeted Speeimens of the Bihäri Language. 495
Tft t% Txpft TfrfTTT f[ TT
t^T WTft ft T^T TT t^^ftTf fr TT
TTTTT tTt ttt TT Tftf Tffft fT TT
TTTT TTtt ftm^ T^T ft TT II RMO ||
■^TTT TTtt fZ^tt ^ ttTTT ft TT
TTTTT ^ftt ft^tt Tf ttr TtTT ^f^TT fT TT
■^TTT «ftt fä*t\ t^ ^ ttTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft ttt TT TftfTffft ft TT
TJTT Tt ftft ^tt TTfTT ft TT II RMM II
TTTT tf ft^tt Trst TTtt ttTTT fT TT
T:TTT Tft ttt TT TftfTftft fT TT
^rtt ttfTT TtT ttt fZ^ftTT ft TT
t:tTT tttt ttt TTtt TTtt ft TT
TTTT Tft ttt TTtt ^T^ftTT ft TT II R^O II
TTTT Tft tf^ TT TftfTftft ft TT
TTTT TTT ^ t^ ft^ftfTTT fT TT
t:TTT Tft TTTT fTTt T'ITTT ft TT
TTTT Tff ^Ttf ft^tt ^ ttTTT ft TT
TTTT TTT ttt TT TftfTftfT ft TT II R^M II
^TT Tft tts ^ fz^ftfTTT ft TT
fTTT Tft T^ TTtt fTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt TT fz^ftfTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt TTtt fT^ ^ ^
TTTT WTft f^ft fTTT TT t^^iftrf ft TT II R^O II
TTTT Tft tt TTtt ftftTT ft TT
TTTT fit TTtt ft^tt Ti ttTTT ft TT
TTTT fifW "ttt TTft »ft%TT ft TT
TTTT ttft tt TTft »fttTT ft TT
TffTT TTff ft^ TTTT fTfTT ft TT II R^M II
TffTT tf tt tfiT TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT TTfT TTT tfiT ^t ft fT
TTTT t TZtt T«ff ttliftTf ft fT
TTTT Tft tt trrr fftTTfT ft fT
TTTT ftft tt fTft ^TtfTTT ft TT II Ri:o ||
TTTT Tft tr Äfilill ^rtftTT ft fT
KftTT TTT TifT TffTT ft f T
TTTT tf fifn tt f ffffT ft fT
TTTT WtZ TTff T^Tff T^t ft fT
TTTT ftft t^ ft^tt t^^rftrf ft TT II RFM II
TTTT tr TTf TT TT ^^TTTT ft TT
TTTT ^ tg «ftTT ft^TTTT ft fT
TTTT Tft ttt ^ftTT IffftTT ft TT
TTTT ttfT ^ ffftTT IrtftTT ft TT
TTTT ^ tts tfiT TftTTTT ft TT II R^O ||
TTTT Wfft tts TTff T^Tft ft TT
TTTT TffT fff ^ffTT ttTtt ft fT
TTTT ttft tt tfiT ^Tffff ft TT
TfTT tf ttt ^ffTT IftftTT ft fT
ffTT T'ffiT % fifs TTfffTT ft fT M RQM II
TTTT Tff tftft tt TTTf ff ft f T
TTTT ftTft Tttt <[ftTT llfftTT ft TT
TTTT Tff TTt TTft ^T^rffTT ft TT
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Biliär i Language.
TWT Tft tt tfiT fffTTTT ft fT
TTTT Tft tt TffT TTfifT f{ fT II ^00 ||
TTTT Tff tfiT ff Tf TTfT ft f T
TTTT TT1[ Tit ffT TTT ^3Tt ft fT
TTTT tft tt TTfff fTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tff ttft Tt TTft ^TtffTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt ^TT ^ftTT ft TT II ?0M ||
FfftTT fft TT^ TTT fit ffTTT ft fT
fffTT\« ft fTT ^ ^ Tiftfff TT ft fT
TTTT Tft fs tT Tf T^tf ft TT
TTTT TT ttt TtTT TTfTfT ft fT
TTTT fTft Tf ft TTT ffTfT ft fT II ^<10 ||
TTTT ttTT frft ttt TTfTTT ft TT
TTTT TTft ^ ^TT fiT TTTT ft TT
TTTT tf tft tfiT fitTftTT ft TT
TTTT ^ftTT ttt ^ff TTFTTT ft fT
TTTT TTff fT Tt tfiT fi fTf>^TT ft fT II ^SM II
TTTT ^fft % ftt TffTT llfftTT ft fT
TTTT fft tts ftWTT ffffTT ft fT
ffTT ^TT ¥^f TTfT TT^s ft fT
TTT TT^^ t tffT ftt ft fT
ft tf TTff TTff ttft ftTTTT ft fT II II
TTt ffff Tfft TT>4t TfTTT ft TT
TTTT fiT ftt tt TT^TfT ft TT
TTTT TT^t t TF fs tttt ft fT
TTTT fft tt ffTsITT ffffTT ft fT
Bd. XLIII. i!2
TTTT TTff tt tfrr TfTTTTT fr TT II ^RM II
TTTT tffr Tt ftwr «iJir^*n ft tt
tTT TTT t% IT TTTTTT ft TT
tTT TtTT TTZf»f TT>5t TTfTTT ff TT
TTTT Tfr t% tfrr TftTTf T ft f T
TTTT TffW fTft ffffTT ft fT II ^^O H
TTTT Tff tfrr ftTTT ^ftt fr fT
TTTT Tff ^ffTT tt f^ TTftTT ft TT
TTTT Tft ttt TTft ffftTT ft TT
TTTT Tft ttt TfTT TTTT ft fT
TTTT ttft ^ tfrr fftTTfT ft fT II II
TTTT Tft tt^ ftWTT TTffTT ft TT
ftWTT fT ttf TtVr TTTTff ft TT
ftwr Tff TT^ft Tifff^ WfT?[TfT ft TT
TTTT fft tt tfrr TftTTTT ft TT
tfrr Tft tt TffT TTfT ft fT II ^80 II
TTTT TTff fTt ft^ Tf TITTT ft fT
TTTT ftft tt ft;^ Tf TFTT ft fT
tZT fft tt Tf TfTTT ft TT
TfTT TTT tt tfrr TftTTTT ft TT
TfTT TTft Tff 'äl'Ttö trfTTT ft TT II ^«M II
TTTT Tff tt tfrr ^ffTT ft fT
TTTT Tft ttt tfrr fftfffTT ft TT
TTTT TTT TTT fft ttt ft TT
TTTT Tft tt fTft TTffTT ft TT
TTTT TtT ftT tt fTft tfTf ft TT II ^MO «
Grierson, /Selected S^iecimens of the Bihari Language.
TTTT TTT t% %TiT fffrfHTT ft TT
TTTTT Ttft tt T|; TT TFTT ft TT
TTTT Tff TTt Ttft Tf fffTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tf fTft TTftTf ft TT
TTTT ttt TTtt TT fTTTTf fT TT 11 II
-TTTT TTTT t ttt ftTTTT ft TT
TftTT fTftTT ttf f?fttt ft TT
TTTT ttt TT mtt T^ftTT ft TT
TJTT Tft tt TTTT t^TT ft TT
TTTT TTffTT TTff Tlf WTT WTTtTT ft TT II ||
TTTT ttft tt TTft ftftTT ft TT
XTTT Tft tr #ftTT ^ftTT ft TT
ffTTT Tft tt TT TffTftTT ft TT
TTTT tfff If TTTT ftff TTTfT fT TT
TTTT TTft ttTTT t tf ft TT II II
TTTT Tft ttt 'ÄftTT ftftTT ft TT
TTTT Tft ttt TfT^T T5T TTTT ft TT
TfTT Tft tt^ ^ TTTfT ft TT
TfTT Tft Tt^ TTft tf tf^tt ft TT
TTTT Tft tt TTff TiT TTTT ft TT II ||
TTTT ttft Tt TTft ^TtfTTT ft TT
ffTT Tft tts TfTfT ft TT
TfTT Tg TTT TT fft tt ft TT
TfTT ^ TTff Tif TT ^TffTT ft TT
TfTT ttt ttfft T^ftTT ft TT II II
TfTT Wtft TTi^TTT fT TT
TTTT t t^ yf If % TTffTT ft TT
TfTT TT tTT ^ ftrftTT ft TT
TTTT ^ff ftTTt% ft^irffTT ft TT
TTTT TT TftrftTT ^'ftt ft TT II ^co ||
TTTT tf ffTT TTt ff iHZt ft TT
TTTT Tty TTt flft ^T^ffTT ft fT
TTTT tfiT tttt tt fTTfT ft fT
TTTT frft ^tt TTfT fl ^TifffTT ft TT
TTfT tr tiL f^ ttTff TftfTT ft TT II n
TTTT ttTff # ^AW ttftTT ft TT
TTTT ttTff fi t^ fiTTTT ft fT
''TfT t tn ttfff ^ t^ftTT ft f T
^TTT ^ ttfff fl trfff ft fT
TTTT Tft ttt fTft ^TtffTT ft fT II ||
TTTT Tft ttt TTfft Tftr^ ft fT
TTTT TTTT t tt^^ ft TT
TffTT ^ TftTT TT TT TTt ft TT
TffTT ^T TftTT TT TTt TfN t tF ft TT
TTTT Tft ttt *Pttt fit fTTT ft TT II II
»fttt fif Tftt "ilfe Tf '^TiffTTT ft fT
TTTT »ftrt t tl ft TT
TTTT t t^ TT-T^TTT fTTT ft TT
TTTT ^ff TTft ftll TTT-TTTfT ft fT
TTTT TTff TT% TTft TiT TffT ft fT II 800 It
TTTT Tif Tftt TTf fiT WzfT ft fT
fTf t t^ fflffT fttftTT ft fT
3 C
Grierson, Selected Specimens of tlie Bihäri Language.
■fTT t tWfRT fr TT
TTT t ft^ ttTff T!T 'fZTT ft TT
TTT t tTT» TTffTT ft TT II «OM ||
TTTT TtTf t tl Tf % TTfW ft TT
TTTT TT TiT TTWT TT^TT ft TT
TTTT tt? TT% Tf; TT TFTT ft TT
■%tt TT '«T TT% frt T?rt fr TT
TTTT TT >ÜT t %% TTtt ^T^ftTT ft TT II 8<10 ||
TTTT Tift TTtt ttll TTT ^TTTT fr TT
TTTT TTTT Tftt TftTT TTftt fr TT
TTTT #F t^ ^TZt ^<RtT ft TT
TTTT ^ TT TiT fTTT ft TT
TTtt TT t ttt tTftTT ft TT II Ö«1M II
rrtt ftftTT ttt TTTftTT fr TT
TTTT Tft tt trST TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT ftrff Tft tnT tt ft TT
TTTT ttft tt tTIT TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt tTT TTTTT ft TT II II
fTTT T>fTT TT Wttf TTtt VftTT fr TT
ffTT Tft TTF TTTT f TTTT ft fT
ffTT ff tff fTT fiT ffTfT ft fT
ffTT ttff frff TT ttT tfTiTTT fr TT
TTTT TT3 f^T Ti ft ftt f^f ft TT II 8RM II
TTTT TiT^ tTT TiTff Tff ^TfT fr fT
ffTT TT fT>=ft % tff ft fT
ffTT Tft tff ttTir ^ ft TT
TTTT TiTtf TTTt ftfTiftTT fT TT
TTTT tTTT t% TTT Tif ftTTT ft TT II 8^0 ||
TTTT tft tr TTft TTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt tZT TfTTT fT TT
TTTT Tft tt TTTft TTiftrf fT TT
TTTT TTft ^3Tf TTTT ftftTT % fT TT
TTTt TTf tt # TTft TTtt tt^TT ft TT II It
TTTT ffTT Tftt TTft ftftTT ft TT
TTTT Tf^-TTft ttt ftTTTT ft TT
TTTT tTiT TiT fT TTTTtT ft TT
TTTT TTiT ttf ffr T^ fffftTf ft TT
TTTT TTff ft TTft ftftTT fT TT II Ü80 ||
TTTT tft tt TTft TTT ftTTT fT TT
TTTT ttft Tt ffT TÖ fftftrf fT TT
TTTT ftf»f tt TfF ^fTTf ft TT
TTTT tnT TTtt TTt ttT'l' ft TT
TTTT tf TffTT ^ TJTTTT ft TT II 884 It
TTTT ftft W TTTft TffTTT ft TT
TTTT Tff TTfT TTt TT ft^TTT ft TT
TTTT tf TTft ft tt fW ffffTT fT TT
TTft ftf f 0 ftTT f\lTT5TTT ft TT
TTTT TffT fff fTTt fftt ft fT II 8M0 II
TTfT ftT tt^ ff tf TTT fT f T
TTTT ftT tt^ TfTTT #iTTT ft fT
TTTT TfVT-TTft ttt ftff^T ft fT
TTTT ftft Tt tff Tf ftff ft f T
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Langziage.
Xmi tttt tt ffT T^ fftftTf ft TT II 8MM II
TTTT ITff f^ fT tTTTT ft TT
TTTT fT ftt %TiT TTTTtT ft TT
TTTT ttT TTtt TTTTTf ft TT
TTTT TTtt tt t WZTT Tift^ ft TT
TTTT Tft tt fTTT fftftTf ft TT II 8^0 ||
TTTT Tft tt tTiT TiT TTTT ft TT
TTTT ttft ^ ItTT fftftrf ft TT
TTTT Tft tt^ tTiT TftTTTT ft TT
tqiT ftff tt TTTI ttTTf ft TT
TTTT TiT^ tnT tt^ ttTT t^TTT ft TT II 8§M II
TTTT ttt TS ftTT ftTTiTTT ft TT
TTTT TTTT TTT TTiT TTt ft TT
TTTT Tft tt^ fTTT fftftrf ft TT
TTTT TTTT TTft TT t rt^ ft TT
^ffT TTTT TTft TT t "tt^ ft TT II 8^0 ||
TTTT t^ t TT^ Tft fft^ö fT TT
TTTT tTiT tt ftft TTTTTT fT TT
TTTT TfT tt T^rft TTiftrf ft TT
TTTT Ttft ^ tTiT TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tf frft t ffTTf ft TT II 8^1 II
ftfTTT Wtft t^ TTT tTTSTT ft TT
TTTT ftT t^ ttT t^TTT ft TT
TTTT ftT t^ TT TTTTT ft TT
TTTT tTT TTftrf H ttTt^ ft TT
TTTT TTff trt ttT tlTTT ft TT II 8^0 II
3 G «
TTTT fT t^ %TiT TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT ttT fTft t tf m
TTtt tt TTtt TT Ti titftTT ft TT
''ttt IfT t^ TTTT ft TT
TTtt ^ft TTT tTtTTT ft TT II 8=M II
tTiT ^ ftft TTT tlTTTT ft TT
TTft tt Tftt TtTT fÖTTTT ft TT
TTTT TTT Tft T^-fW ffTTT ft TT
TTTT TfT tT Tft TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT ttft tt TTft ^TtfTTT ft TT II 8^0 ||
TTtt TT TTT ttTffTT f[ TT
TTTT ^t TTt T[TT ttRffTT ft TT
TTTT ftft ftftt ttTf t TTfwr ft TT
TTTT ftft ftftt ttTf t ttTiTTT ft TT
TTTT ttft tt tTiT TftTTTT ft TT II 8^4 II
TTTT tTiT ^ Tifrrr ftTftTT ft TT
ftffTT Tifini t ttt fT TTTTTT fT TT
ftffTT t TTf TT t TTiTT ft TT
TTTT % TTtt TTiTT ft TT
TTTT ttT ff tTiT TftTTTT ft TT II MOO ||
TTTT ttT ft TTft ^^TT ft TT
TTTT ttffTT TTt Tf TiZt ft TT
TTTT Tft tt tnr TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT TTff TTt tTT TTff TTf ft TT
TTTT fft tt^ tTT TTTTTTT f TT II MOM U
TfTT Ti3f TT TTt fTTT TTTT ft TT
3 6 *
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihär'i Language, 505 w
^fVr TTT TTTT Tftt TTTT TfftTT ft TT
^TT ttfTT t ffftf TTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt trrr TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt TTT Tit ftTTT ft TT H M<10 ||
TTTT ttft Tt tTiT TftTTTT ft TT
^TT Tft tt fTWTT TTffTT ft TT
TTTT TTft t TiTt^ ^«fi.«! ft TT
TTTT TTT tt Tff Tfftr^TTT ft TT
ffTT TTZ TiT ^^TTf T^t^ ft TT H M«»M II
TfTT 9JZ TfTf TTZ # ^T TT^ ft TT
tTiT fr Tiff #ftTT T^ ft TT
TTTT tItT TfTT TWTT fttfTTT ft TT
TTTT TT% T^T fTTTT ft TT
TTTT ftff Ttt ttTf t TTfVTT ft TT II MRO M
TTTT fVff ttt ttTf t tITsTTT ft TT
TTTT TTff ttt tTiT TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt ttT?r ft TT
TTTT Tft tt tTiT ttTIT J^ ft ^T
TTTT FffTT TTft ttF T^fft TZffTT ft TT II MRM II
TTTT TTT Tf TTft ftftTT ft TT
TTTT ttft ^ TTft Ti TTffTT ft TT
ifttt Titf ttT Tfrr ^3^TT ft TT
?frtt TiTf ttT iPrt Tf ftTffTT ft TT
«ftrt tift ttt Tifö t Tftrf fr TT II M^O II
TTTT ttft ^ TTft ^TTfTTT fT TT
TTTT ttf TTtt TTTT TfftTT ft TT
Tifr il" TtfTTT # TTTTT fT TT
TTft Ttff TTft Tt Tf ftTffTT ft TT
TTTT Ttft Tt TTft TTffTT ft TT II M^M II
tttt ttf tTT tt ttTW f^ ft TT
tttt tTT tt TtTT TTTTf ft TT
ttrt Tff TTfT tt TTI ^tTTT ft TT
»frtt tTT TTff tt TfTTT ft TT
>frtt TTT t tfTT f TTtt^ TTTT ft^ TT II M80 ||
mtt tTT ftT TT ff ZtTiT ft m
mrt TTT tTT ttf f^T ft TT
TTm ftft ^t TTft TTffm ft TT
»TTTt Tit TTff TTTT TIT f ^TTT ft TT
tttt Tff TIT f ?#tT ttf ^TTT ft TT II MÜM II
TTTT TTf Ti TTtt tfTT ft TT
TTTT TfT ttt TTft TTffTT ft TT
TTTT Tff TTft TTft TiT Tft ft TT
TTm Tif TTTt TTTT t fTftTT ft TT
mm m^ tm tt tTTTf ft tt ii mmo ii
TTTT tTT Tft TTfT tt tTTl' f^m ft TT
TTTT TTTt t wt T° TffTT Ti TTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tit TTff TTTT ^ ^TT ft TT
tttt TTT fffrt ^T ^ftTT fr TT
TTTT trit TTT ft TTTt TiT Tft ft TT 11 MMM II
TTTT >frft ttt TTTt Tit TTTT ft TT
TftTT TTT Tff tf TtT fm^TT ft TT
TTTT TTft TT Ttt tftTT ft TT
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihari Language. 507
mtTT ft Titff <**ird<JI ft TT
TTTT f^ftt" tTt TTTTTT ft TT II M^O ||
T:TTT TTt TTtt TTtt TiT Tft ft TT
TTTT fWft tt TT TTTTTf ft TT
TTTT ^ff TT t TfTTT ft TT
TTTT ttTT ttt TTtt ^TfftTT ft TT
TTTT TiT ttft Tift ftTftTT ft TT II M^M II
TTf TTff fT TTtt TtTtt ft TT
TTf TTfT ttT tt Tft ttTT TffTTT ft TT
TTf Tft fTT TTTf fTT ft TT
fTf t TTft fTT '5TT TTtt ft TT
TTTT Tft ttt TTtt TiT Tft ft TT II 4^0 ||
TTTT ttft ^t tTTT ft Tf TTt ft TT
^f^T ttft TTtt Tztt T^Tftm ft TT
TTTT ttft Tt tZT TTf TTTf ft TT
TTfT TfT fT^s Tft TttTTt» ft TT
tTT ftT tt Tft TW fS TfftTT ft fT II M^M II
TTTT tfT ff t T^fT Tftt ft TT
TTfT TTff TTt TTtt t fft ft TT
TTfT ^ff ft T^ t TfTTT ft fT
TTfT ftft Tt fZT TTTfTTf ft TT
TTTT fTfTi TTtt t TZT TTffTT ft TT II V^O II
TTfT ttff ^ tt TfTfTTf ft TT
TTfT t tt TTFT Tit TTTT ft TT
TTfT fff ft tftTT ft TT
TTfT TfTf TTTt t tt TfTTiTT ft TT
TTTT TtTTT ttt Tf T^-TTTT ft TT II M^q H
TTTT Tft tt VTffT fTTTT ft TT
TTTT >^TftT TtTTT ^ tt ft TT
TTTT Tft tt TfTT Tit TTTT ft TT
TttT t ^ ^TT t fTTTT ft TT
TTTT TTff ftt TT T5 ffTTT ft TT II MQO ||
TTTT Tft ^ VrfTT Tit TTTT ft TT
TTTT t t^ "^(^ fffTT ft TT
TTTT fifft ftftt VrffT TTTT ft TT
TTTT VTff T tt ftf TT ft TT
TTffT Tft ttt TTTT TTTT ft TT II M^M II
TTTT Tfff If Tf TTft ffftTT ft TT
TTTT TTTf TftT tTTT Tf ttTT fft TT
TTTT Tff TTft ttf tt TffTiTT ft TT
rrft Tt Tt fttt *STT ft TT
TTft TlfT If TTft TTTT ffTTf ft TT II §00 ||
TTTT »Tff TTT tt TffT^ T^TT ft TT
TTTT *<rtj-«<«^ Tft tTiT t TfttTT ft TT
TTTT TffT^ t tt TTft t TTTT TTTT ft TT
TTTT TtffTT TTT fT tt tTiT TftTTTT ft TT
TTTT Tft tt TTTT fTTT ft ft TT II §0M ||
TTTT Tff mt TT^ T^TT ft TT
TTm ttft TZ tm TfTTTTT ft TT
TTm TTTT m ttt ttT »^m ft m
mm ttft Tt TTT TTTTTTf ft m
tm »fttt t mt m^rrm ft m ii $<»o ii
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Langvage.
trr Trm ^^tt % firfr ft «rr
9m\ tfft Trrrr % ff^frtt ft tt
tri TTff TTtt TT ttT TTTT fr TT
tTT Tttt % ftTTT tt TffT^ T^T ft TT
TTTT TTST ffftt tttTT ft TT II §<)M II
TTTT F^rr TTT tm fTt ft TT
TTTT tflT tt TTTT Tit TTTT fT TT
TTTT Titf ftffTT ^«[f T« t TfTTT fr TT
TffTT Tmft TTTT tt^ftt ft TT
TTTT tff ffT li^ ^Ttf fr TT II II
9
JTTTT tt^ ffT TTT Tftt TTTT TfftTT ft TT
TTTT TTff ftW flf t^TT ft TT
TfTT Titt TT fif WT ffft^ ft TT
fTTT tTT TTffT % ^TT T«ft^ ft TT
TTTT ?fTT TTT t fTtt ft TT II fy^ II
tTiT Tft tt Tfff«^ TiT TTTT fr TT
TTTT TTft t TT t tt ft TT
tfrr Tff mft ft ttt-tztt fr m
tm Tf mrt tttt TTm fr tt ii
II Tft II
Translation.
I have made this translation as literal as is compatible with
good English. This will explain the frequent changes from the
past time to the historical present, in which I have followed the
original. A good example of this change will be found in lines
278, 279.
Invocation.
I invoke the mother-villagewhere I sing , and then the
village God ^) and then the rising ^) Sun - God , Suruj Mai,
whose light burns every day. Now invoke I Mother Ganges,
and after her the Saint Sub'han *), (5) the heroic Hanuman 5),
and the Goräiyä ") of Dilli. Then I invoke the five Pandavas '),
1) ^ftf ^f,*lT) literally, 'place and land', are used idiomatically to mean tho place where a person is at the time he is speaking.
2) The ftffTT 8*"^ iakei care of the ttf or cultivated
land of a village. There is one to each village, — a kind of genius loci.
3) Tft is loc- of Tff, present participle of ]/^f , 'rise'. It means 'in the act of rising'; or it may be a contraction of '^ff , plus the emphatic particle ft, — 'just as he is rising'.
T3fTf or fffTf , refers to Sübhän Gir, a Musalman saint much
reverenced in Bihär.
5) fTTTf i» dialectic for fffTf. I" UihBrl, and in fact in all Gaudian dialects, there is a tendency for «f and ^ to interchange. A village I know of, named «il«^«^ (= «Sl^Uiy^,), is called by its inhabitants
<|4^«^ i, Nakh'läür.
6) tt^TT or ttrTT is the namo of a god much worshipped by low-
caste Doms and DusSdhs in Bihar. He is supposed to have his principal shrine at Delhi , but I have never been able to find out that this is the. fact.
The Prakrit rule that when a short vowel precedes a double letter, it may be lengthened while the double letter is made single, holds also in Bihari. Hence wc can have either Hsigt dill I or ^'^^ dill, I may note that in Western Hindi the town is spelt fttt- Thus the Shiva-Sil3gha-Saröja, one of the
best Anthologies, speaks of '^nfTf Tift ffttfTT, Ananda Ghana,
the poet, of DillT.
1) ^^fT is long form of fttt, which is the tadbhava form of
TJTT^fffl. Tadbhava words (but not tatsanias) shorten a long vowel when it falls in the antepenultimate. Hence the long a of tttt 's shortened to (i in the long form. In the antepenultimate ^JJJ' is always shortened, but other long vowels only when they are followed by a consonant wliich is not euphonic
Orierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri iMiiguage. hW
the Brahm ') of the village, and the village Paiich -). (10) Amongst
the Kalis, I invoke her of Calcutta, and then the Goddess Durgä 3),
that Goddess Durgä who*) is helping me. Then invoke I my
mother , from whose womb I was born *). (15) Whoever wishes
calamity to fall on this place may the grey serpent bite him.
Then invoke 1 my Guru's feet — the feet of him who gave me
knowledge '')• And then I invoke the three hundred and sixty
millions of Gods (20) who are helping me^).
With what shall I honour the village, the village God, Suruj
Mai , Mother Ganges , (25) the five Pandavas , the Brahm of the
village , the heroic Hanumän , the Saint Sub'han , the Goraiyä of
pilll, (30) Mother Kali, the Goddess Durgä, and my mother's and
my Guru's feet.
^ or f . When a vowel naturally short in the antepenultimate ofa tadbhava is long by position it is also shortened by simplifying the consonants if possible.
Thus the long form of "Sigj^^l, 'calumny', is -^^^'iqi, and not ■«(^ 4^>gc( |.
The five Pandavas are prominent characters in many Eastern Gaudian poems.
E. g., in the song of Mänik Chandra (J. A. S. B. Part I. 1878, 1. 151), they, together with Qiva, Närada, Käma, Lakshmana, and other Heavenly Personages, form the train of the famous Saint Görakh Näth. This song was written in the Kaf3g'pürl dialect of Bal3gälT on the banks of the Brahmaputra. Again, in the Bundel'khandl Epic of Alhä and Riidal , Durgä is made to fly to them for protection from Riidal (see song of Alhä's marriage, Ind. Ant, 1885, 1. 175).
1) ^"^Tf^ is strong form of q ^*-f . It is almost a pure Apabhramea Prakrit form, which would be a(<^4-^|R or fT*f^ (Hem. Ch. IV, 331, 330, and 354).
2) Panch is the well known assembly of elders, theoretically consisting of five men, existing in every Indian village. Its decrees are much respected, as the saying goes Tjg 1^ XJ-^^^Bp^^ 'God sits in the panch'. f^^^, 'refuge', is probably confused with H f^(i|Tf 'feet'.
3) Kali and Durgä are two forms of the wife of Qiva. The insertion of a short u instead of the imperfect vowel a is common in Bhoj'pürl after the letter r when preceded by u. Hence we have ^^«| | instead of fTTT.
So Näikä's younger brother, Chatur'gun, is sometimes called t|(J^<|«T and sometimes x(r1<l<lT .
4) fttt is 3rd plur. (or honorific) feminine of the peculiar Bhoj'pürl present indicative in ^TT.
5) Literally, 'from whose womb I became incarnate'. fjtflTfT is long form of TftT7< (TTdTT-) incarnation'.
6) TfltTf is long form of Sp^IpI or (^^Tf ).. It means
the mystic charm imparted by each guru to his disciplo.
7) ftt is 3rd. pl. masc. of the Bhoj'pürl present indicative. ^ is, here, a mere expletive.
With oblations') will I honour the village, (35) and witb
whole grain ^) the village God. With a golden brahmanical thread ^)
will I honour the five Pandavas, and with sweetmeats *) of clarified
butter the heroic Hanuman. With a cock will I honour the saint
Sub'han, and with a sheet the Goraiyä of Dilli. (40) With a stream^) of milk will I honour Suruj Mai, and with pudding ") and a kid ')
Mother Ganges ; with a castrated goat will I honour Mother Kall *)
with my ten nails (i. e. reverently, with joined hands) the feet of
my mother, (45) and with a yellow cloth my guru's^).
The Song.
0 Bämä, there is a tiny'") Paräs ") tree, and its flowers'*)
1) yft^ is instr- of ^flTTT, which is a feminine form of or
3J^T (= Skr. TTt) 'incense', but which has altered its meaning in Bihari to
'oblation'. Curiously enough the Bihari (= Skr. TT^fTTJ) which pro¬
perly means 'oblation', has come to mean 'incense'.
2) is instr. of ff^fT (= Skr. '^'^7^;), the antepenult, being
shortened as explained above.
3) Srtr^ is instr. of ipl^ (= Skr f "flYMflft
TTT^ is instr. of (= Skr. i^^iü: I. Cf Beames, Cp. 6r., I, 228.
5) \n^, '"Str. of ^jyn, h- f of \rR;-
«) ftfW is instr. of fMi^l, lg. f of Tlt^T or ft^T, «■ kind of
pudding made of meal. See Biliär Peasant Life, § 1272. Besides being a common article of food they aro used in Muhammadan marriage ceremonies (ib. § 1378). The Skr. is ftj^:.
7) TftTT is Ig- f of TTrat, «■ ki^l ^B'l'är i*- § 1122). Cf TUft in Saptaeataka, 65.
8) Kali is almost universally "Mother Kall" to the poorer classes of Hin¬
dustän. The cry of the Päl'ki bearers as they enter or leave a village , or as they raise or set down the pälkl, is lie, KSlI Mäi kl jäi! 'Victory to Mother Kali'.
9) This invocation seems to be common property to a number of songs.
It occurs, for instance, with unimportant variations, at the commencement of the Song of Bijäi Mal (J. A. S. B , Sp. No. pt. I. 1884).
1Ö) TfffZT (^f- ?fT3 TT^ 'small'), a word of uncertain derivation, means 'very small'.
11) TTTTT, Ig- f- of TTTT = Sk'- TTTit ^itea Frondosa.
12) Tit and T|77t "re old plural forms, rarely mut nowadays. In the modern language, almost the only instances of this form which have sur¬
vived are Tt , P' f- TT, man', nnd TTT P'' TT^ 'a man'. Ste
Hoernle's E. Hindi Gr, § 3G1.
Grierson, Selected Specimens of ihe Bihärl Language. 513
and leaves are bloomingOn the upper story is ^) an upper
room. In that ') is a comfortable bed % (50) and on that was the
goddess Durgä.
BärT sleeps in her own room ^) and the goddess Durgä gives
her a slap. '0 Bar!, why dost thou sleep so soundly")? Thy
husband is going to the land of Moratag '). (55) He has made
arrangements ^) for a journey of six months, but. Ah Rämä, twelve
years will pass (before his return). 0 BärT, make haste and have
thy gaunä ") performed'. So many ■<•) words heard ") BärT, and she
started up at once'^) in astonishment >^). (60) 'What God showed
1) f^c|)«|TT '""eans 'covered with blossoms', a synonym is i)MT \ I am at present unable to öfter a suggestion as to the derivation of these words.
2) f^Ti 's a vulgarism for «n^Tt. TT^Ti a redundant form of
^rt, which is seldom used except in North Bihar near the NepSl frontier.
's found in the district of Säran.
3) ftff " »" °1<1 '■"'■m of fftff , obl. f of ^ 'that'. So also Trfff is an old obl. form of the correlative pronoun Cf Bh. Gr. § 26, Note.
*) fffT'tfffT, literally 'painted bed' (fff 1^91), is used to
mean as above.
5) ffftfT is long form of ffTT (Ar. (jbs?).
6) ff (ff^^O is commonly used in this meaning. It has appa¬
rently been confused with ffffTsf. Cf „Some Bhoj'piirl Folk Songs" J. K. Ä.S.,
Vol. XVIII p. 220. ttf ftt ft ff\t^, 'the village sleeps soundly'.
7) The M5ral3g is the Eastern part of the NepSl Tarai, whither many tnvelling merchants of India resort with their pack-bullocks.
8) Lit., His päet is six months. A fT^PT is " dress or cloak worn by a man, which, when ho is going on a journey, is sent out on the way before him at an auspicious time.
9) ttVr or ^TTfff is the ceremony of taking the bride home to
her husband's house. It usually takes place years after the marriage ceremony
proper. $ is lit. 'you will perform'. ^ is the indecl. participle of
y WK.- y TTT is frequently used in intensive compounds exactly like the
HindT l/^TT. TTf CKis 2 pl. fut. fern. Tfft 's old strong form of
TTTf.
10) TffT is * byd-form ot the more common TftfT.
11) fff is locative of fff, a verbal noun of }^ff ; lit. 'on hearing'.
12) «IT, 'at once', lit. 'now indeed'.
13) ft^TT is long form of fffT^, l^t verbal noun of ]/fffT,
'be astonished'.
Bd. XLIII. 83
me this dream?' So Barl Das'wanti went to where her sister-
in-law is. '0 Sister-in-lawI was asleep in my own upper room,
and saw a strange^) dream. (65) My Näikä 3) is going to the land
of Möra|3g, he hath made arrangements for a journey of six months,
but twelve years will elapse (before his retum). 0 Sister-in-law,
have my gaunä performed'. Up spake Bärl's sister-in-law and said.
(70) 'BärT, thou art yet but a senseless child. Thou dost not even
know how to tie on thy petticoat. BärT, thou thyself art asking
for thy gaunä (shame on thy immodesty)'. So many *) words heard
BärT, and up spake she and said, '0 Sister-in-law, hear my little
word *). (7 5) When my brother goeth away for but a single day,
thou standest ever by the door (awaiting his return). Such pain ")
of thine own dost thou experience. Up to ') now have I been but
a child, but now have I become fit for my husband'. (80) So much
heard the sister-in-law and she went to her mother-in-law*). Up
spake Bari's sister-in-law and said, 'Mother-in-law, thy BärT is asking
for her gaunä'. Up spake Bäri's mother Mahes'rT and said, (85) '0
Kämä, hear my little word. My BärT is still a child. Thou art
uttering a calumny against my BärT'. So she began to strike her
two blows with both her hands, and weeping returned the sister-
in-law (90) to BärT Das'wanti. Up spake the sister-in-law and
said, '0 BärT, thou hast had me disgraced? Would thou hadst
married ^) a Dom , and hadst gone off with him to a far country'.
(95) So many words heard BärT (and replied), 'Sister-in-law, hear
my little word. I will go forth into the midst of the public road,
and there will I erect my reed hut. There passers-by will come,
(100) and with them will I joke and jest. The name of my father
1) /. e., brother's wife.
2) Tmpr = Skr. Tfff: it is used as an equivalent of
frarr:
\j
3) The name of her husband.
*) THTfT, another bye-form of TTRTTI'.
infffi' is a feminine long form of tho masculine io a
diminutive or endearing sense.
•j) = Vers. JjO.
7) % as a postposition has many meanings. Amongst them aro 'for', 'up to', and 'from'.
8) /. e., Bärl's mother. TJffT is 'g- f- "f MT<j 'noar'.
9) UrTTT is for tfTTTT, lo"g fo""™ of TlfTf. Under a well kuowu rule of Bihäri phonetics, anunäsika plus tho third or fourth consonant of any class may become the nasal or nasal aspirated of its class. Thus jl(l(^^J
or Jrenrr, ft% or fV«f , tt'^ or ^(Pü, %1f3 or TStTIf, 'tf^
or •^•r, f;'^! or TTH is 2nd pl. fom. pret. conj. of \ TTT.
Grierson, Selected Specimens of the Bihäri Language. 515
will I make a laughing-stock and also the name of my brother
(your husband)'. So many words heard the sister-in-law, and she
went up to her upper chamber. (105) Barl also went away to where
her mother Mahes'rT was.
'0 Mother, have my gäünä also performed, for my husband
is going to the land of Mora^ag. He hath made arrangements for
a joumey of six months, (110) but twelve years will elapse (before
his return). Mother , shame on my life , whose husband is going
to the land of Möraiag'.
'0 BärT , thou art yet but a senseless child, thou art thyself
asking for thy gaunä. (115) The name of thy father wilt thou
make a laughing-stock'. So many words heard BärT (and said),
'Mother, if thou wüt not fix the day for my gaunä, poison
will I take and die'. So she went up to her upper room (120),
and wrote a letter (inviting her husband's people) to the ga'ünä.
BärT herself wrote it and sent it. Up went she to her upper room.
She took pen and inkstand (125) and began to write her own
anguish of heart. To her husband's mother she writes her reverence '), and to her husband's sister she sends her love ^). To her husband's
younger brother she sends her compliments, and to her husband
writes she, 'Shame be upon thee. (130) Husband, hear my little
word. Thou art going to the land of Moratag. Husband, with
the hand, with which thou didst put vermilion (on the parting of my
hair, at our marriage), with the same hand, perform *) thy gaunä.
Then and not till then, go*) thou with thy packs to Moratag*.
(185) So many words wrote BärT, and she called a learned pandit,
and a barber's ^) boy. '0 Pandit, attend to my little word. Take
with thee the barber's boy (140) and go ") to Gäürä Güj'rätT ').
Pix thou well the date of my gäünä, and return thou to me, and
then will I divide for thee the half of the kingdom here.
The Brahman Pandit took the letter (145) and went to Gäürä
village. The chUdren of Gifürä were playing there, and up spake
he and said. '0 children, pay heed unto my words. Is Gäürä on
in front of me, (150) or hath it been left behind by me? Up spake
the young boys and said, 'Sir Brähman, Gäürä is neither in front
1) Literally, 'touching of the feet'.
2) Lit. 'she writes her embraces'. See art. '^jf^f^T'^ in Bihari Dic¬
tionary.
3) The use of |/ % in an intensive compound is to give reflexive force.
See Bh. Gr., § 114.
4) OT is precative imperative of j/T7.
5) A barber is the recognised official in marriage negotiations.
6) is «n old form of ITtf "t gfT, 2nd imperative pl. of y gpf . 7) The name of the village where Näika lived.
33*
3 7
