• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Aktie ""

Copied!
140
0
0

Wird geladen.... (Jetzt Volltext ansehen)

Volltext

(1)

!"

#

$%&'()('* +,

-./

*0*1* 23& 4(%567 /

08

9

(& :(;6 .

0 /

;6(

. <.

0$(&

/

0*=*

>

(&'+8+

9

(,0( ?&(0@(&'

ABC

DEFG HEIJ

KLM N

EOEJPEQ

KRRS

(2)
(3)

!

"

# $%"&$"$''(

(4)
(5)

$"&"

!

$" $" " #$ %

" " &

$" $"&" #$ % " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &

$" $"$" #

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &'

$"(" #

&%

$"%" #

$ ' &&

( ) * +

("&" ,-.

.$ /0102$

' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $%

(" $" # ,-. # " " $3

(" $"&" 4 ! 4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $5

(" $"$" 4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $&

(" $" (" , " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ('

(" $"%" 6

789:;<<=>?@

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ('

$. # $ " " " " " " " " " " " ($

A

% / 4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ($

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ((

#

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " (%

BCD " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " (3

"$ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " (E

F $ " " " " " " " " " " " " " (&

G F 6 HIJ

@

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %'

A

%/4$ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %$

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %$

#A 6KLM

9N KM

=: ? K

=> :9>

M

89O@

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %$

1$ G " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %(

(6)

(" $"!" $ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %(

("$" !"&" $ 4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %(

("$" !" $" #

$/

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %!

$ 4$ " " " " " " " " " " " %!

$ / # " " " " " " " " " " " " %!

$

τ

/$ # 6 , @ %5

("$" !"(" % $ !$

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " !$

(" $" 3" 4 - " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " !!

("$"3"&" - " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " !!

("$"3" $" - " " " " " " " " " " " " " " !3

+

!"&" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 33

!" $" / ' " " " " " " " " 3&

%D "1/&5'!& " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 5&

%D "1/$''$'&E' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 5$

%D "1/$''$'&3' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 5%

%D "1/$''$'&!' "1/$''$'&%( " " " " " " " " " " " 5!

%D "1/$''$''&' "1/$''$'&$' " " " " " " " " " " " 55

%D "1/$''$''E' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 5E

%D "1/$''$''3' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " E'

)

3"&" F " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " E$

3" $" F " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " E(

)

! "# $

* !%

& (

(7)

&"&" B4 % " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $

&" $" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %

$"&" #

$'' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 3

$" $" #

&(' &&E E' (' " " " " " " " " " " " " E

$"(" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &

$"%" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &'

$" !" #

&!! " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &&

$"3" #

&(& " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &(

$" 5" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &%

$"E" " # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &!

$"&" %

4$ D " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &3

$"&'"# " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &5

$"&&"' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &&

$"&$", / " " " " " " " " " " $'

$"&("4 ' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $&

$"&%" /

" " " " " " $(

("&" 4 %D ' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $!

(" $" %D " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $3

("(" 'B/'$ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $5

("%" 4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " $&

(" !"

A

%/4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ((

("3" 1 #

G " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " (3

(" 5" BC$ D D " " " " " (5

("E" ,

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " (&

("&" 4 % C " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %&

("&'"4$

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %$

("&&"4 4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %%

("&$" $G$ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %%

(8)

("&("B // " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %3

("&%"' , " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " %E

("&!"G$ , " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " !'

("&3"B " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " !3

%"&" # G " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 3$

%" $" # /21 /G" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 3(

%"(" $ F " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 3%

!"&" #G %D / $ F " 3!

!" $" ,- $D $ D 4 " " 35

!"(" 4

%D $ D 4 /

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 3E

!"%" 4 %D ' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 5'

!" !" 4 4 %D "1&5'!& " " " " " " " " " 5&

!"3" 4 4 %D "1$''$'&E' " " " " " " " " 5(

!" 5" 4 4 %D "1$''$'&3' " " " " " " " " 5!

!"E" 4 4 %D "1$''$'&!' " " " " " " " " 53

!"&" 4 4 %D "1$''$''&' " " " " " " " " 5E

!"&'"4 4 %D "1$''$''E' " " " " " " " " 5&

!"&&"4 4 %D "1$''$''3' " " " " " " " " E&

3"&" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " E%

3" $" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " E3

3"(" F ,$ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " E5

3"%" 4 '. 6&&&3

@

" " EE

3" !" B

' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &'

3"3" F 4 %D "1/&5'!& "1/$''$'&E'

"1/$''$&E' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &&

"&" 4 4 4$ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &'(

" $" 4 4

$

#/4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &'%

"(" $ 4 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &'!

"%" 4 4

$ , &'3

" !" 4 4

$ " " " " &'5

"3" 4 4

$ $/

, " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &'E

" 5" 4 4

, " " " " " " " &'&

"E" ! $ " " " " " " " " &&'

(9)

"&" ! # #/4 " " " " " " " " " " &&&

#"&" 4 %D "1&5'!& " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &&(

#" $" 4 4 %D "1&5'!& " " " " " " " " " &&%

#"(" 4 , %D "1&5'!& " " " " " " " " " " " " &&!

#"%" 4 %D "1$''$'&E' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &&3

#" !" 4 4 %D "1$''$'&E' " " " " " " " " &&5

#"3" 4 , %D "1$''$'&E' " " " " " " " " " " &&E

#" 5" 4 %D "1$''$'&3' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &&&

#"E" 4 4 %D "1$''$'&3' " " " " " " " " &$'

#"&" 4 , %D "1$''$'&3' " " " " " " " " " " &$&

#"&'"4 4 %D "1$''$'&!' " " " " " " " " &$$

#"&&"4 %D "1$''$'&%( " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &$(

#"&$"4 4 %D "1$''$''&' " " " " " " " " &$%

#"&("4 %D "1$''$'&$' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &$!

#"&%"4 %D "1$''$''E' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &$3

#"&!"4 4 %D "1$''$''E' " " " " " " " " &$5

#"&3"4 %D "1$''$''3' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &$E

#"&5"4 4 %D "1$''$''3' " " " " " " " " &$&

#"&E"4 %D "1$''$'!' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " &('

(10)

% 6" &" $

@

#

" 6

@

$ /

- ' "

$$ " #"

" /

$ " # $

$

"

&$' " B % F /

$

,

"

. "

$$ $ "

4

% " F/

F "

F

"

# # /

# /21 /G

"

"" "#

"

/ 4

% 6%

@

F /

"

$ A 4

6A$ " &&&&

@

"

4

$ , 4,/% 6

4 $G

@

# %G #G " ,/

6" &" $

@

"

G '

" /

$ " 6&&&&

@

$D/

$

(11)

4 '

D"

'

"

4

1"

6 " $''( #

&&&( 4G &&&&

@

# /

#

, "

# F

' /0102$

"

" F /

"

/$G %"

!"#$## %& ' ()*+ ,#-

,

/

. "

6" &"&

@

" 4 4 4

.$ $'" # "

% 4 &&&!

"/

"4

4 # " " .$ /0102$

4 $''$ B4 % 4 $ G

' "

(12)

# -. 6 $'''

@

" F # '

6" ("&

@

"

4/

% D

" "1 4

G

# /21 /G "

, $ 4/

A 6A$ " &&&&' # &&E&

@

"

#

"

'

A

6&&&(

@

,

# 4

4 $ . " B /

'

"

" . " 4 / /

$ F " 4

, " 6 $''$

@

-

"

$

#" F

#

B 4 /

$

"

1 #

, /

F &&&5 6 " $''& ,

$'''

@

"

.$ $''$ G "

1 , /

"

1

F$ $

"

/

" '" 1 F$

(

# 6

789:;<<=>?@

"

4

$ -.

4 "

F$ % /

1$ F$ ! # " 1 F$ !

1$ %D 4 '

" " /

$ 4 F , D

F$ 3 " 1 F$ 5

B ' "

(13)

! , +, " #,+, $#" , )+ )+,)

## +$% $#" $ "# +#,+, # )#,##,- *% !, #" +,,, "+ ,**,-

$,* $#, "# " , $#" ,+#,+, " "$ "# ! $ " +#

+#,+, # ! )##+#" ,##, "#-+ #" )# -

(14)

0(

.

*+&8*0 /

@(&@)0;8 1& '(%)%'0 /

;6(

.

.

*0;8)1 .

' /

(0*

9

(, ( /

%%081,

1

$ $

,

# #

"

F

% /

# , #

#

6"&" $

@

"

#/4

$ /

6 F $''&

@

"

$ %

#

" /

" " $ ""

$''

# F 6 4

4

@

# #

# 6'

" &&&&

@

6 " $"&

@

"

$ D

4 6 %$ D G 4

@

4/

$ ,

4

#

"

C F./

# " FC %

$ #

F /

6 4 &&&E

@

"

# %$ F . $ # /

F # "

6 " $''( #

&&&( 4G &&&&

@

" /

(15)

(*+,,#,,)# )# ,$,)# )#"+#+ %& "+ %& $+ )

+- !&$## !"$,# (#,+, (## $*+ !*) ** ), ,

) )$#,+# !*) + " +#" !*) ), +*+#" !*)

)$, +*+#" !*)$ ,)# *+#" !*)-+ #" )# -

$ ,

6" #" /#G/'

@

4$ /

6F # $''&

@

"

4 6 "$''(

@

#

/

$

$3

B 4$/

.

. %

"

% 6"#"B/F/

$

@

#

#//4$ /#

64G &&&!

@

"

# #

$$

, /

&" , 6

&3'

@

"/

4 / C # 4/

"/ 6 4

@

6 /

(16)

1

@

" 4$

#

&3'&!3 6 '#C # &&E&

@

" /

F

% 6"$"$

@

"

$" 1

% F 6

&('

@

/

% "#

%" 1 4 , 6

@

$$ 6"$"$

@

"

4 B 4$ " "" 4$ /

#

, 6

'. 6&&&3

@

%

" " 3"&

@

"

(" 4 /

F

F 6 &'/&''

@

. /

, ,/G/A$/%/, 6 &&&%

@

6 EE

@

4G 6 3!

@

1

#

6" $" $

@

" , /%

. "

/%/ -

B

$ , 4 /

G "

.

$ &'' D %/ ./

,

" C /

"

$ 4$

/#G/' 4G

1 6 4G &&&!

@

"

1 , #

/

G"

/

# #

" /%

$E B

,

('

$ , 6 '

" &&&$ &&&%

@

6" $" $

@

"

$ 1

6 "

A

&&&& &&&&

@

"

" 1 $

4 F " 6&&&3

@

6&&&&

@

"

(17)

(*+,,#,,)# )# ,$,)# )#"+#+ + " %&# "

) +!! " %&# " ) " +! " #,# " ) " + $#" !

" %&# *)## )

+- !&$## !"$,# (#,+, (## $*+ !*)

** ), ,) )$#,+# !*) + " +#" !*) ),

+*+#" !*))$, +*+#" !*)$ ,)# *+#" !*)-+ #

" )#

(18)

+ /

( 99

()),((&

4(%'&+560 /

;6( % /

0*0%

.

1 .9

'(%)%'0 /

;6(

.

*0;8)1 .

'

" " 4

B /,/ 4 F / /'

A

/' 6

@

6" $"(

@

" 4 /, "/

4 4 " '

4/4

1 F$/ / /'

" 4 "

! , +," ""** -!&$##!"$,#!#

*+#"!)$,# $*!+)+- + #*, ,(*+,,# $#"(*+,,###

# " )#-+ ,) , +*- -

1 % " F

/

#

" $ 4 -

$ ' #

""

6#"

@

" $ %$

(19)

$

" #" " $"% /

# "

+ + # " &"*# +# $#" "# $*+,)#- + #,

+, %#+ !*", "$ +#+!#, ,, $# +*,!

+*+*, *%+ ) +*#,#, #, ,, "$ "+ $ %# )# ! --

) " '*#)##*% $#" " # # , $)*+ %#+

- + #,+$%$#" # )# ,! +$% "# !)"#$#" ,

&! " # " *,- , * " *,, )"$,# ),

+$ " ""**-+ , "-

6 "$''(

@

$

#

$/ $ " $$ /

, G $. , $

$ 6

&3'

@

6" $"!

@

" 6$$ " @

C #2, /'/

4 # "

(20)

(*+,,#,,)# )# ,$,)#%& )#"+#+) +-

## #"() ,)# " $# &#- $# , " ,*#"

"** , #, !+##,!" # , " $ "#$# " %,!# #, #

#,- !&$## !"$,# (! #,+, (## $*+ ! ," " ! ), +#+

+ +,,!+,, #)+*!*)+ +#,'!'*# )##

*% ! $##$ " ! #"+ ! +"++ + ! )+!$ + #

! + ! +!)+ " ))*, !"$%**++##

#)+*! +#+-+ )+, , +*- -

&!!

4 B /,/

4 /4 , " , #

/

3( 2

&''' , /

4 6 B$

@

"

B /

6 %

@

" 6 " $''(

@

"

B$ ' 6 $'' / &5'

@

6 F/#

@

6B/#

@

4 " #

G #

$ 6 #/ $

B$ 4

@

6 #

" &&&$

@

#

(21)

6 4 &&&E

@

"

4 4$ /

, $ $ , /

$ 1

"

%

"1 B #

$ , /

" $ D 4 1/% , /

4$ 6 &&&% "

$''(

@

" #

#

24 " 4

$

/

% $G -

#

"

" #

' $

F D

B$ " /

4 FC 4$ /

% 4

&%'

&' 6" $"3

@

"

# F " B/

4$ /4G / ,

$

"" - ,G ' /

$ 4 4

, # " B /

% 4 " "

4 $ ,/#/F "4

4 /, / $ # "

4 /4 #

%

4 /% 6 4G &&&&

@

61 " $"(

@

"

(22)

!"! #$ %&

'()*)

+ ,-

') .

*/)

#+ -- -$( &

- /01-23 1 3 ,& &43 &

$ 5 0 4 3 ,3 1- 6 1 &

-07- 3-

)

3$5 4 1- /01-&

$)81-89):) ;):)-;<5/:<

52 /3; <&): < )32;() ( );((: (=0 (03;

(,&(:(=0 ,-&(;./:. /;: -;4/:41

/;#(<: # (- <; #%><:#138? <; #%>:#138? -;

4/: 48 /;6%: 6 0; /@):/ 0A&@ --

)32;,/:, /$B C $ ' DEE"+$

(23)

4(%)%'0 /

;6(

.

*0;8)1 .

' 9

(&

.

*+&8*0 /

;6(

.

+)@0 ./

() /

(0*

9

(, ( /

%%081,

, /

6 " &&E(

@

" F

#

" $ D $$ D /

"

$.

4

4C "/

4 6" $"5

@

" .$

/

# !

4 B $ /

#

F 6 &&&%

@

"

#,+, +*!# *)*) ,$+,)###"" $!"$,)#

+ " (),)+ ))$ ,,* $+! %&"- $,* ##!+

, " #,*$# " #,+, # +*!# * +* ++, $*+#&,* $#"" *

"$## ,#$# ,* $#"# ,* "

#,+, # +*!# *-+ #" )# -

# /#G/' /1

/

" / A$/% A/

(24)

/,

B

4 4 6 &&&E

@

,

# /F #

6" $"E

@

"

! , +, $#,+, ,###,# + $+#",

,+#,+, !*#- + #" )# -

4 D 4 1 G$ 4 /

1" #/

% "

1 " ,/

4

, # 4$

4

" , # 4/

4 $

" 4 $ D

% .$ 4 " $"&

"

4 % D/% ./, 4

(25)

(*+,,#,,)# #,*$#" &") ,+ ,",,*"-

!!*"$## + ! " # " #$* #)"#$# " #*## (*+,,# ) +

+!! " +! + $#" " +-+ **), ""-

&' # # 6A/, A/

%

@

$ /#G/' # /

F 6 FE% 6'

"&&&$

@@

"

6 E'

@

"

$ ,G /% D/

, % 3'

$

% .$ # / $ " 1

#

4

F

F 4

# //, F 6 $''$

@

"

F , % .$ /

4

"

$ F 6 ' " &&&5

@

" 4

& % 4 "

(26)

4 F

$ " /

4 F

/ 4 " /

4 6 ' " &&&5

@

"

$)## '- - #,*+# " ,& , " #,+, # +*!# *

" ##" " &#+!#)** )# &") ,+ ##" " ##))$

+$ !*",#- +$ ## # "# *+$% " +$,!$)##! + ,# !-

$+#", +*# " +! #,, $ "#$# !-#,, # *+$%,

" ,)# *-+ #" )# -

1 % ,

3 " 1 #/

4 4 4$ /

B 4$

% $ 6# &&E$

@

"1 /

#

% , B//# " %

$$ ./

(27)

, #//# "

# #D 4

%

% " #// /

1 $ /4 /

6 $''$

@

" 1 " $"&' 4

F # " #

" 4 /

" #

4 $

6# &&E$

@

"

(28)

4(%)%'0 /

;6(

.

*0;8)1 .

' 1 .9

'(%'&+560 /

;6(

0 .

%&

9

.

1 .

' 9

(

/

+&

/

( ./

;6()2( /

' / 4 /

6 &&EE

@

6" $"&&

@

" "" $

4 $ F" ! 4/

4 $ D 4

"

F

F

"

# ' "

,),,)# #,# " #,+, #+*!# *)# " #,#

$#,# " ! $ )!# "- + **), " -

(29)

" F$ $"(

/

4 $ F "

' #// -" # '

/

4

"

/

#

6

!'

('

@

"

+, +,! " "# $ +#+# # +, %,

$*+# $ $#""# +$, ,$# )###" #"*#)#" #,+, #+*!

# * +$%,-, $*+# #,# #" ,)# ( (#$# "+#

( (+$*, )* +* $#+,+ )-+ )#+*'+# "-

(30)

# '

#//4

" 4$ 4 /

# /

4 /,/1/ /#$ /

' 6 $''$

@

" '

$'' /

$ #D 4

6$"&$

@

" G %

. $ " # 4 /

4

"

+, ()* " + #%, $#" " $*+# # ,

,#, ##" " (*)## ! $,- + )#+*'+# "- #+#" " "+,,#

$*+#, + #!# , $, " , ,$,$ " %, ##!+-

% #/

6 ' 1

@

G/

4 / 6&&E(#/B 6&&E(

#/B 6&&E!

@

6" $"&%

@

"

B

4 . 4

4/ /# # F "

4

$ / 6" $"&$

@

"

. #// % 2% "

$'' , $

4 #D

'

6$"&%

@

"

(31)

, $

, , "

' G % " D

4 6 #/B &&E(

@

" $"&("

4 # ,

/ 4 '/

"

# , .

" # $ #D D %

$ 1 ' % 1 4 "

(32)

,)# $*+# #,*$# " #,+, # +*!# * ,

" " ! $,-+ )#+*'+# "-

(33)

!"# #"

$

%#

&

'

&()*)+, -

. # /

-

"0.

123 456372829: ;<=>?@?AB C8DE8383 DF GHIHBI BGGH 2: JD6C8D78 K:7 C83K3E83 LK3EC8 723

73K8CMN3 ;:8DEO82CC8D829: <3KFDP3E D:I <DMN QR:S3E3E TU3EVDNE8 K:7 WD73DO82X28R83:

X3EQ23Y3: 723 :3K3: TU3EZ2:83E3E CDF8 Z2CC3:CMNDV8Q2MN3: [3ER8 723 \] ^9QDEC83E: 3:7>

S_Q82S DF BBIHBI BGGHI 1DC D:CMNQ23Y3:7 S36QD:83 28DQ23:2CMN>73K8CMN3 FDE2:3 \9ECMNK:SC>

6E9SEDFF FKCC83 Z3S3: CMNZ23E2S3E 42CU372:SK:S3: :3K O99E72:23E8 Z3E73:` Z32Q 7DC

D:VR:SQ2MN S36QD:83 a:83ECKMNK:SCS3U238 :2MN8 U3VDNE3: Z3E73: O9::83I 42: ;KCZ32MN3:

DKV 73: bC8Q2MN3: J9:82:3:8DQED:7 73E ;:8DEO82CMN3: cDQU2:C3Q U98 C2MN Z3S3: 73E DKC

<d;;>]D83QQ283:U2Q73E: U3OD::83: S_:C82S3E3: 42CU372:SK:S3: D:IeRNE3:7 73C =ED:C28C

LKE ;:8DEO82CMN3: cDQU2:C3Q ZKE73 32: OKEL3C UD8NPF38E2CMN3C K:7 C32CF2CMN3C <38L K:7

32: eDCC3EU36E9UK:SC6E9SEDFF S3VDNE3: fg9OD8 K:7 JEDKC3 BGGhiI

jK k3S2:: 73C gDNE3C BGGB 3EE32MN83 \] ^9QDEC83E: 7DC :3K3 a:83ECKMNK:SCS3U238` 7DC

:9MN :23 7KEMN 32:3 D:73E3 456372829: 3EOK:738 ZKE73 ;UUIhIHI[EK:7 C2:7 723 2: :9EFD>

Q3: gDNE3: N3EECMN3:73: C3NE CMNZ23E2S3: 42CU372:SK:S3:I 13E DKVS3:9FF3:3 1D83:CD8L

U3CMNE32U8 7DF28LKF 3EC83: lDQ723 mDMN3E3: K:7 823V3E3: k3E32MN3 723C3C J9:82:3:8DQED:>

73CI @:CS3CDF8 ZKE73: F3NE DQC BGGG OF ]32CF2O DOnK2E23E8I ^DEDQQ3Q LK 73: C32CF2CMN3:

l3CCK:S3: O9::83 2:83:C2X c4W@l;[ f c3Q2O9683EFDS:382Oi S3m9S3: Z3E73:` KF FDE2:3

FDS:382CMN3 ;:9FDQ23: N9MNDKVS3QbC8 LK X3EF3CC3:I

@F ]_73: 73C [3U2383C O9::83 Z3S3: 72MO3:`F3NEoRNE2S3: ^DMO32C3C :2MN8 723 ]MN3QVOD:83

3EE32MN8 Z3E73:I @F <9E73: ZDE3: 723 42CU372:SK:S3: 38ZDC U3CC3E` C9 7DCC 3C N23E FbS>

Q2MN ZDE U2C DKV 73: ]MN3QV LK VDNE3:` 9N:3 7DC C32CF2CMN3 [3ER8 LK S3VRNE73:I jZ2CMN3:

pp

] K:7 pq

] L32S83: 723 C32CF2CMN3: 1D83: 32:3: SE9YCODQ2S3: lDCC3:X3ECD8L DF K:83E3:

J9:82:3:8DQND:SI 123 42CU372:SK:S3: 3EQDKU83: 32:3 CPC83FD82CMN3` UD8NPF38E2CMN3 r3E>

F3CCK:S 73E sK8CMNFDCC3` KF 73E3: \9EF K:7 ;KC73N:K:S LK 3EVDCC3:I ;F HqIGHI BGGB

ZKE73: 723 Z2CC3:CMNDV8Q2MN3: l3CCK:S3: 32:S3C83QQ8I\] ^9QDEC83E: X3EQ23Y 7DC [3U238 K:7

3EE32MN83 :DMN EKN2S3E \DNE8 7KEMN 723 1EDO3 ^DCCDS3 ^K:8D ;E3:DC DF BHIGHI BGGB fg9OD8

K:7 JEDKC3 BGGhiI

(34)

!"#$%&' ()* + ,(!%$*- ./ ,%% 0'%%

+ 0+! 123+&"% 4567898:;(<)!!&% !"#$-=&!$& ,%%'>%+ !"#$

+ ?- -4%&(!& !">!(-.! @(&% )!(& +( =0& +! +&% 0(&A&!%

B!)%> + C)&/D!3!-

(35)

0!& +! 0 +! 123+&"% 4567898:; ()*>%"%% 7

% !"#$-

,

"#0

-

#"

-&

".

-

#

-

"

&

s3m3529:CC32CF2O 2C8 723 WDKVL328F3CCK:S E3m3O823E83E DOKC82CMN3E K:7 3QDC82CMN3E e3QQ3:I

1DCE3m3529:CC32CF2CMN3 r3EVDNE3: 723:873E4EOK:7K:S 73Ca:83ESEK:73CK:7 OD::o3:DMN

;E8 73E X3EZ3:7383: C32CF2CMN3: ;66DED8KE f K3QQ3 K:7 ;KV:3NF3Ei9U3EmRMN3::DN3 973E

823V3EQ23S3:73 k3E32MN3 DUU2Q73:I ]32CF2CMN3 l3CCK:S3: 723:3: 7DF28 73E 4EC83QQK:S X9:

a:83ESEK:7CF973QQ3: DKC 73:3: 638E9Q9S2CMN3` U3ESUDK> K:7 2:S3:23KE83MN:2CMN3: ;KCCD>

S3: S38E93: Z3E73: Ob::3: fl2Q28L3E K:7 e3U3E H

q iI

1DC C32CF2CMN3 ]2S:DQ f3QDC82CMN3 e3QQ3iZ2E7 7KEMN ]6E3:SK:S ULZIr2UED89E3: fD: WD:7i

973E WKV8OD:9:3: f2F eDCC3Ei O_:C8Q2MN 3EL3KS8 K:7 UE32838 C2MN 2F a:83ESEK:7 DUNR:S2S

X9: K:83ECMN237Q2MN3: 638E96NPC2ODQ2CMN3: ^DEDF383E: fLI kI 12MN83` W;l4CMN3 ^DEDF3>

83Ei 3:8QD:S X3ECMN2373:3E WDKVZ3S3 DKCI 42:3 e3QQ3 Z2E7 U32F 1KEMNQDKV3: X9: j9:3:

K:83ECMN237Q2MN3E a:83ESEK:76DEDF383E E3m3O823E8 K:7 S3UE9MN3:I 123 ]8REO3 73E s3m352>

9: 2C8 DUNR:S2S X9F U3C83N3:73: @F637D:LO9:8EDC8 LZ2CMN3: 73: U3273: U3:DMNUDE83:

l3723:I 123 @F63LD:L 2C8 7DC ^E97KO8 DKC 12MN83 K:7 C32CF2CMN3E [3CMNZ2:72SO328 73C

l372KFCI g3 NbN3E 73E J9:8EDC8 73C89 C8REO3E 2C8 723 ;F6Q28K73 73E E3m3O823E83: e3QQ3I

123 D: [E3:LCMN2MN83: LKE_MOS3Z9EV3:3 e3QQ3 Z2E7 D: 73E dU3EmRMN3 F28 c2QV3 X9: [39>

6N9:3: 973E cP7E96N9:3: f2F eDCC3Ei E3S2C8E23E8I

k3X9E 723 1D83: S39Q9S2CMN 2:83E6E3823EUDE C2:7` FKCC 2I ;I 7DC <K8LA]8bEC2S:DQX3ENRQ8:2C

X3EU3CC3E8 Z3E73:Ir3ECMN2373:3 r3EVDNE3: f

iZ3E73: S3:K8L8`KF 723 1D83:nKD>

Bp

(36)

Q28R8 LK 3ENbN3: K:7 X9: ]8bEC2S:DQ3: LK U3VE323:I@:CU3C9:73E3 2: 69QDE>FDE2:3: [3U2383:

Z2E7 X3EC8REO83C sDKCMN3:` N3EX9ES3EKV3: 7KEMN s32UK:S 73E C32CF2CMN3: ;KV:3NF3E D:

42CCMN9QQ3:`E3S2C8E23E8Ie3283E3 8P62CMN3 ]8bEC2S:DQ3`723 723 32S3:8Q2MN3 @:V9EFD829: X3E73>

MO3:` C2:7 LI kI 7DC [32C8> K:7 kKUUQ3C2S:DQ`l3NEVDMNE3m3529:3: K:7 ]MN2CS3ERKCMN3I

@: 73E FDE2:3: ]32CF2O O9FF3: ]63L2DQCMN23 LKF 42:CD8LI ]23 C2:7 C9Z9NQ F28 WKV8OD:9>

:3: LKE 4EL3KSK:S 73C K3QQC2S:DQ3C DQCDKMN F28 F3NE3E3 J2Q9F383E fU2C LK HE OFiQD:S3:

cP7E96N9:ODU3Q: f

i LKE 4EVDCCK:S 73E 1D83: DKCS3C8D8838I123 ]MN23 VDNE3: 7DC

S36QD:83 ^E9Q:38L DU K:7 E3S2C8E23E3: 7DU32 7KEMNS3N3:7I r9E832Q FDE2:3E ]32CF2O C2:7

723 N9N3 ^E97KO82X28R8 K:7 KDQ28R8 73E 1D83:3EVDCCK:SI 123 \] ^9QDEC83E: 2C8 DKCS3C8D8>

838 F2832:3F C63L23QQV_E 42CVDNE83: 3:8Z2MO3Q83: WKV8OD:9:3:S3C83QQ f B5p F

i

C9Z23 32:3F pGGF QD:S3F

73E DKMN U32 CMNZ23E2S3: k372:SK:S3: LKF 42:CD8L

O9FF8I

123 DF NRKSC83: S3:K8L83 4:3ES23nK3QQ3 2C8 73E WKV86KQC3E f

i`32: [3ER8` 7DC C8DEO

O9F6E2F23E831EKMOQKV8 K:83E eDCC3ECMNQDSDE82S VE32C38L8I123 JD:9:3: D: k9E7 73E^9QDE>

C83E: Z3E73: F28 HBG U2C HtGUDEU38E23U3: f lDE83:C`63ECIl288I iI123 \K:O829:CZ32C3 32:3E

WKV8OD:9:3 Z2E7 2F V9QS3:73: OKEL 3EQRK83E8 f;UUI hIhi I

4)*0() )%+ )%/&"% %

B

,7,)*&3)$!( % >$(+% )7

&(%+!0 #!%+ + )-5( ! (%+ =$+(!& !""#-

Bq

(37)

k3273 JDFF3E: ; K:7 k f]83K3E>`c9MN7EKMOODFF3EiC2:7 F28 1EKMOQKV8S3V_QQ8IJDFF3E

k Z2E7 S3C632C8 _U3E 32:3 :K:S 2F ]83K3EO9QU3: fCNK88Q3iI 1D 723 ]83K3EO9QU3:9U3EmR>

MN3mRMN3 38ZDC SEbY3E2C8 DQC73E J9QU3:U973: 1`3:C83N8 32: JERV83K:SQ32MNS3Z2MN8`7DC

723 JD:9:3 K:83E 1EKMO S3CMNQ9CC3: NRQ8IjKCR8LQ2MN OD:: 73EJ9QU3:U973: 2: 73E JDFF3E

X9: K:83: _U3E 32:3: C9S3:D::83: TU3EC8E9FOD:DQ D:S3UQDC3: Z3E73:I 123C S3CMN23N8

U32F j_:73: 73E JD:9:3 F28 c2QV3 32:3C 3Q3O8E2CMN S38E2SS3E83: @F6KQC3C DF lDS:38X3:82Q

f

iI 1EKMOQKV8 7E2:S8 _U3E 73: TU3EC8E9FOD:DQ K:83E 73: ]83KEO9QU3:I 123C

E32MN8 DKC KF 723 cDQ83OEDV8 LK _U3EZ2:73: K:7 73: J9QU3: 38ZDC LK N3U3:I 123C3E b>

:38 C2MN 7DEDKVN2: 356Q9C29:CDE82SI 123 N9MNO9F6E2F23E83 WKV8 U3273E JDFF3E: 3:8Z32MN8

_U3E ;KC8E288CCMNQ28L3 K:7 32:3 WKV8UQDC3 N9N3: 1EKMO3C 9CL2QQ23E8 7KEMN 7DC eDCC3E D: 723

dU3EmRMN3I 1KEMN 723 V9E8S3C38L83 1EKMOQKV8LKVKNE U32 2:LZ2CMN3: Z2373E S3CMNQ9CC3:3F

lDS:38X3:82Q O3NE8 73E J9QU3: K:X3EL_SQ2MN 2: C32:3 ;KCSD:SCQDS3 LKE_MO K:7 X3ECMNQ23Y8

73: WKV86KQC3E Z2373EI 1DC 42:C8EbF3: X9: l33EZDCC3E Z2E7 C9 X3EN2:73E8I

k32F ;KC8E288 73E 1EKMOQKV8 73N:8 C2MN 723 WKV8UQDC3 C9QD:S3 DKC`U2C 73E 2::3E3 1EKMO 73E

kQDC3 73F NP7E9C8D82CMN3: 1EKMO 3:8C6E2MN8I 123 <3889OEDV8 C9Z23 73E @::3:7EKMO X3EE2:>

S3E8 C2MN ZRNE3:7 73E 456D:C29: 73E kQDC3I1DC U3CMNQ3K:2S83 eDCC3E 73N:8 C2MN DKVSEK:7

73E =ERSN328 38ZDC _U3E 73: [Q32MNS3Z2MN8CLKC8D:7 N2:DKCI 123C V_NE8 Z2373EKF LKF J9Q>

QD6C73EkQDC3 F28@::3:7EKMOD:C823S`7D 723 <3889OEDV8:K: :DMN 2::3: S3E2MN8382C8I123C3E

r9ESD:S Z2373EN9Q8 C2MN S37RF6V8 63E2972CMN U2C 4EE32MN3: 73E eDCC3E9U3EmRMN3I 123 dC>

L2QQD829:CVE3nK3:L Q23S8 2F k3E32MN 73E 73C C32CF2CMN3: K3QQC2S:DQC K:7 X3EQR:S3E8 73:

dE2S2:DQ6KQCI123C3E C8bE3:73 ^KQC 2C8 DKMN DQC kKUUQ3>43O8 U3OD::8I 42: k32C623Q E3DQ3E

1D83: 2C8 2: ;UUI ;IH LK 3EO3::3:I c23E 8E288 7DC C8bE3:73 UKUUQ3>]2S:DQ 73K8Q2MN DQC C8DE>

O3E LKF l33E3CU973: 6DEDQQ3Q QDKV3:73E s3m3O89E fH G FC K:83ENDQU 73F l33E3CU973:i

N3EX9EI

1DC \E32C38L3: 73E WKV8 DKC 73: JDFF3E: 73E

S3CMN23N8 2::3ENDQU H U2C t FC`

ZRNE3:7 73E S3CDF83 jPOQKC F28 3E:3K83F k3V_QQ3: 73E JDFF3E: 38ZD BE U2C tG FC D:>

7DK3E8 f]N3E2 K:7 [3Q7DE8 H

p

iI [3ZbN:Q2MN O9FF3: F3NE3E3

SQ32MNL3282S LKF

42:CD8LI 123C 3ENbN8 LKF 42:3: 723 VE32S3C38L83 4:3ES23 K:7 3EFbSQ2MN8 D:73E3EC328C 32>

:3 S3Z2CC3 J9:8E9QQ3 73E 79F2:23E3:73: \E3nK3:L 73E K3QQ3I @: 32:2S3: \RQQ3: O9FF3:

DKMN WKV86KQC3E F28S3832Q83E K:83E3E 1EKMOODFF3E LKE ;:Z3:7K:S` 7DF28 32: X3ELbS3E83E

;KC8E288 73E WKV8 LKE a:83E7E_MOK:S 73C kKUUQ36KQC3C 3EE32MN8 Z2E7I jKE k3E3MN:K:S 73E

kKUUQ3VE3nK3:L 723:8 723 sDPQ32SN>e2QQ2C>\9EF3Q`

T = 0.017E 1 3 (h + 10) 5 6

f ]N3E2 K:7 [3Q7DE8 H pi f hIHi

F28 73E kKUUQ363E2973

T

C` K3QQ3:3ES23

E

f

E = pV

i g K:7 73E eDCC3E823V3 73C

h

FI 123 DUS3C8EDNQ83 4:3ES23 K:7 723 79F2:23E3:73 \E3nK3:L 73C ]2S:DQ3C 2C8

DUNR:S2S X9F 1EKMO

p

^D C9Z23 73F JDFF3EX9QKF3:

V

Q 73C WKV86KQC3EC f \9EOFD::

H

q DiI

@F \DQQ3 K:C3E3E l3CCK:S3: ODF3: rW\>WKV8OD:9:3: F28 32:3F JDFF3EX9QKF3: X9:

(38)

o3 h Q` D:S39E7:38 2: 32:3F B5

p F

LKF 42:CD8LI 1DC

ZKE73 2: 38ZD HG

F eDCC3E823V3 N2:83E 73F ]MN2 S3CMNQ3668I 123 79F2:23E3:73 \E3nK3:L 73C

U38EKS

MDI tG cL` 723 kKUUQ363E2973 3EE3MN:383 C2MN LK 38ZD H CI

123 s3S2C8E23EK:S 73C E3m3O823E83: e3QQ3:V3Q73C 3EV9QS8 F28 cP7E96N9:3:`723 DQC [EK663:

2::3ENDQU 32:3C F28 QS3V_QQ83: ^QDC82OCMNQDKMN3C f

iD:S39E7:38 C2:7IcP7E96N9:3

C2:7 DKVS3UDK8 DKC 623L93Q3O8E2CMN DO82X3: lD83E2DQ23: f J3EDF2O3:i`723 U32 S3E2:SC83: NP>

7E97P:DF2CMN3: 1EKMOR:73EK:S3: 73V9EF23E8 Z3E73: K:7 73E 13V9EFD829: 6E969E829:DQ3

;KCSD:SCC6D::K:S3: Q23V3E: f\9EOFD:: H qDiI

4)*0() )%+ )%/&"% % &!(!- 5( =$! ;!-

13E

` 2: C32:3E WR:S3 XDE223E3:7 LZ2CMN3: 32:2S3: NK:73E83E l383E: U2C LK F3NE3>

E3: J2Q9F383E:`UDK8C2MN DKCDO82X3: K:7 6DCC2X3: ]3O829:3: DKVK:7 2C8 _U3E32: jKSODU3Q

f

i F28 32:3E e2:73 D: 13MO X3EUK:73: ;UUI hI BI BI jZ2CMN3: jKSODU3Q K:7

DO82X3: ]3O829:3: U3:73: C2MN S3ZbN:Q2MN 32: 973E F3NE3E3 6DCC2X3 3QDC82CMN3 ]3O829:3:

f

i` 723 73E r3EE2:S3EK:S 73E TU3E8EDSK:S X9: ]8bEC2S:DQ3: fk3Z3SK:S 73E

l33E3C9U3EmRMN3` ]MN2X2UED829:3:i DKV 73: DO82X3: ]8E3DF3E832Q 723:3:I ^DCC2X3 ]3O829>

:3: K:7 Q3D7>2: WR:S3 U3C82FF3: 73: ;UC8D:7 f

i LZ2CMN3: K3QQ3 K:7 3EC83E DO82X3E

cP7E96N9:SEK663I

123 2: 73: DO82X3: ]3O829:3: 73C ]8E3DF3EC 32:S3UDK83: cP7E96N9:3 C2:7 2: [EK663: D:>

S39E7:38 K:7 Z2EO3: C9 DQC e3QQ3:LDNQQ83E`7INI]2S:DQ3 F28 D:73E3: DQC 73: S3Z_:CMN83:

]MN32:S3CMNZ2:72SO3283: Z3E73: S37RF6V8`KF 7DC<K8LA]8bEC2S:DQX3ENRQ8:2CC DF 42:SD:S

73E s3S2C8E23ED66DED8KE LK X3EU3CC3E: f [32YQ3E BGGHiI l28 c2QV3 X9: =23V3:E3SQ3E: f

i

Z2E7 723 N9E2L9:8DQ3 WDS3EK:S 73C ]8E3DF3EC 2: S3Z_:CMN83E eDCC3E823V3 DK89FD82CMN S3>

(39)

C83K3E8I;KV73: 42:CD8L 32:3E4:7U9o3 f

iZ2E7 2: [3U2383: F28 l33E32CU373MOK:S

X3EL2MN838` 9UZ9NQ 7D7KEMN 723 J3::8:2C 73E S3:DK3: ]8E3DF3EDKCE2MN8K:S X3EQ9E3: S3N8I

123 X9EQ23S3:73: 1D83: ZKE73: F28 32:3F pGGF QD:S3: p>JD:DQ>]8E3DF3E 73E \2EFD

^EDOQD>]32CF9C S3Z9::3:` 73E 7KEMN 723 V3NQ3:73 k2E7C83K3EK:S K:7 C32:3E E3MN8 S3E2:S3:

WR:S3 DKMN U32 CMNZ3E3E 42CVDNE8 S3:K8L8 Z3E73: O9::83I

123 X9F ]8E3DF3E 3F6VD:S3:3: ]2S:DQ3 ZKE73: D: k9E7 73E ^9QDEC83E: F2832:3E 4]>BtBG>

s3S2C8E23E32:N328 73E \2EFD: 4[[ [4dl4=s@] DKVS3:9FF3:I123 ;:Z3:7K:S 32:3C

H G>cL>;:82>;Q2DC>\2Q83ECLKE a:83E7E_MOK:S 73E\E3nK3:L3: 9U3ENDQU 73E <PnK2C8VE3nK3:L

3EV9QS83 X9E 73E 12S28DQ2C23EK:S 73E 1D83: F28 32:3E ;U8DC8ED83 X9: BFCI123 D:CMNQ23Y3:73

]632MN3EK:S DKV lDS:38UR:73E 3EV9QS83 2F ]4[>1 \9EFD8I ^DEDQQ3Q LKE 12S28DQ2C23EK:S

ZKE73 32: JD:DQ DKV 32:3F =N3EF96Q9883E LKE KDQ28R8CO9:8E9QQ3 S3CMNE23U3:I

<DMN 73E s3S2C8E23EK:S Q23S3: 723 1D83: 2: 72S28DQ3E \9EF X9E K:7 F_CC3: 2F V9QS3:73:

32:3E Z3283E3: k3DEU328K:S f

i K:83EL9S3: Z3E73:I 13E3: j23Q 2C8 723 1DEC83QQK:S

73E 1D83: 2: nKDQ28D82X 9682F23E83: j328> 973E =23V3:C3O829:3:` 723 32:3 738D2QQ23E83 S39>

Q9S2CMN3 K:7 C8ED82SED6N2CMN3 @:83E6E38D829: 3EFbSQ2MN3:I cRKS Z3E73: C32CF2CMN3 1D83:

32:3F ]8D:7DE7>

K:83EL9S3:I l28 X3ECMN2373:3:

>l97KQ3:` 723 Z32>

83E K:83: :RN3E U38EDMN838 Z3E73:` Z2E7 C9 32:3 CMNE288Z32C3 4ENbNK:S 73E 1D83:nKDQ28R8

f <K8LA]8bEC2S:DQX3ENRQ8:2CCi 3EE32MN8I

123 k3DEU328K:S 73E723C3E ;EU328 LKSEK:73 Q23S3:73: 1D83: 3EV9QS83 F28 73E ]9V8ZDE3 1@]>

d 73E \2EFD ^DED72SFD c9KC89: K:7 C32:3E 2:83EDO82X3: r3EC29: \da]I1DC FbSQ2MNC8

32:N328Q2MN D:S3ZD:783 ;EU328CCMN3FD L32S8 73E V9QS3:73

\3Q77D83:

13FKQ826Q353:

;KVC38L3: 73E [39F38E23

(40)

l^>]9E823EK:S

472823E3:X9: 8983: ]6KE3:` JKECR:73EK:S` KFS3O3NE83 ^9QDE28R8 38MI

kD:76DCCQ83EK:S

@:83EDO82X3 [3CMNZ2:72SO328CD:DQPC3

J9EE3O8KE 73E C6NRE2CMN3: 12X3ES3:L

<ld>J9EE3O8KE

lKQ826Q3:K:83E7E_MOK:S 7KEMN 6DEDU9Q2CMN3 sD79:8ED:CV9EFD829:

;:Z3:7K:S 32:3C <32SK:SCQ83EC 2F \>J>k3E32MN LKE a:83E7E_MOK:S O9NRE3:83:

sDKCMN3:C

l372D:C8D63QK:S

]2S:DQX3EC8REOK:S 2F \>J>k3E32MN

lK83: 73E eDCC3ECRKQ3

;[

;772829: X9: =98C6KE3:

@:83E6E38D829:CCPC83F

(41)

eRNE3:7 73E456372829:ZKE73: 3EC83 ]MNE28>

83 73C

CMN9: D: k9E7 73E ^9QDEC83E: S3Q32C838I123 1D83: ZKE73: X9: 73: \3Q7>

UR:73E: S3QD73: K:7 73FKQ826Q358 2F ]4[>1>\9EFD8 LKE_MO DKV kD:7 S3CMNE23U3:I 1DC

13FKQ826Q353: U32:NDQ8387DC aFC9E823E3: 73E2: j328C3nK3:L3: DKVS3:9FF3:3: \3Q77D83:

2: :DMN JD:DQC3nK3:L3: S39E7:383 1D83:I 123C 2C8 :98Z3:72S 7D Z3283E3C

:DMN

JD:RQ3: C9E823E83 1D83: X3EQD:S8I

1DC [39F38E23F973QQ`7DC JKECO9EE3O8KE3: U372:S8 7KEMN CMNZ23E2S3 42CX3END3Q8:2CC3 973E

42:7E3N3: 73C]MN23CZRNE3:7 c3Q2O9683E]8DE8>K:7 WD:7K:S3:3:8NRQ8`Z2E7 U32F ]9E823>

E3: :DMN

f1^Ci U3:b82S8`KF 32:3 E2MN82S3 jK9E7:K:S 73E ]MNKCC>

6K:O8Q9OD829: LKE o3Z32Q2S3: J99E72:D83 K:7 eDCC3E823V3 3:8QD:S 73C ^E9Q3C LK S3ZRNE>

Q32C83:I 1DC ;KVC38L3: 73E [39F38E23 2C8 32:3E 73E Z2MN82SC83: ]MNE2883 2: 73E S3CDF83:

1D83:X3EDEU328K:SC6E9L37KE` Z32Q 32: \3NQ3E VD8DQ3 \9QS3: K:7 3:9EF3: L328Q2MN3: ;KV>

ZD:7 U32 73E \3NQ3ECKMN3 K:7 73E3: k3N3UK:S U373K838I

l^ > E3M9E72:S 973E E9QQ>DQ9:S 2C8 2QQKC8E23E8 2: ;UUI hIEI e2E

3EO3::3: 73: ]8E3DF3E fS>;MNC3i F28 C32:3: 2: SQ32MN3: ;UC8R:73: D:S39E7:383: cP7E9>

6N9:SEK663: 723 o373 V_E C2MN 6E9 ]MNKCC fC>;MNC3i 32:3 ]6KE DKVL32MN:3:I 13E F2:2FDQ3

9C38 f;UC8D:7 73E HI cP7E96N9:SEK663 LKF ]MNKCC6K:O8i U38EKS 2: K:C3E3E l3CCD:9E7>

:K:S 38ZD H GFI 1DC ]MN2 U3Z3S83 C2MN F28 D::RN3E:7 O9:C8D:83E [3CMNZ2:72SO328 7DC

^E9Q 3:8QD:SI [Q32MNL3282S ZKE73 2: E3S3QFRY2S3: L328Q2MN3: ;UC8D3:73: S3CMN9CC3: K:7

E3S2C8E23E8 fo373 HEI ]3OK:73iI

l28 73E ;::DNF3 32:3C N9E2L9:8DQ3: s3m3O89EC fl^ 3:8C6E2MN8 1^iZ2E7 6E9 ]MNKCC723

NDQU3 ]8E3DF3EQD3:S3 X9F a:83ESEK:7 E3S2C8E23E8I l28 73E k3Z3SK:S 73C ]MN23C ZD:73E8

SQ32MNL3282S 73E DUS3U2Q7383 k3E32MN 73C a:83ESEK:73CF28 SQ32MN3E [3CMNZ2:72SO328 F28I1D

38ZD DQQ3 tGF fU32 EI EO: \DNE8S3CMNZ2:72SO328i S3CMN9CC3: Z2E7`Z3E73: 723 X3ECMN2373:3:

s3m3529:C6K:O83 DF l33E3CU973: F3NEVDMN DUS3U2Q738 fNDQU3 ]8E3DF3EQD3:S3 ZDE3: 38ZD

hGGFiI 123C :3::8 C2MN DKMN

I 13E TU3E73MOK:SCSED7

n f

QRCC8 C2MN

:DMN [Q32MNK:S hI B U3E3MN:3:`

n f = n g ∆g 2∆s

f]MNFbQQ3E H

q

Ui f hIBi

Z9U32

∆g

K:7

∆s

723 s3M23X3ESEK663:> K:7 ]MNKCCSEK663:2:83EXDQQ3 K:7

n g

723 ;:LDNQ

73E JD:RQ3 U3CMNE32U8I l28 K:C3E3E l3CCD:9E7:K:S fpGGF ]8E3DF3E F28

p

JD:RQ3: K:7

EI EO: \DNE8S3CMNZ2:72SO328`o373 HEI]3OK:73 32: ]MNKCCiZKE73 32:3

q

I EVDMN3 TU3E73MOK:S

3EE32MN8I

k32F 1^>C9E823E3: Z3E73: :K: DQQ3 ]6KE3: 723 32:3: U3C82FF83: s3m3529:C6K:O8 DUU2Q>

73:` 32:3E C9S3:D::83: 1^>[EK663 9C38DUNR:S2S LKS39E7:38I 1DF28 Z2E7 7DC S3CDF83

^E9Q 2: SQ32MNDUC8R:72S3 1^C K:83E832Q8 K:7 3:8C6E3MN3:73 ]6KE3: fJD:RQ3i 73: o3Z32>

Q2S3: 1^C :3K LKS39E7:38 fC9E823E8iI l2883QC 32:3C

f;UUI hIEDi f dE72:D83

(42)

( (& %)%> % - +! )%/& !7

3!#%&!& % 3)! & %/!& ')! (3!0% $>%+% &(- .

)3)%/&7="3"%7@""!+%(&% 7> " +

')! 7>710% >+!&%

7@""!+%(&% A7 0!$(>!% - . 0!$(>!)%> !+ (%(%+ +

(%()$ >(&- --"!+%% + %% 0&&% C/&"!3)%/& .

(00$+%+% 3)!% ()* %! =!(+% (%!)%+ /D%%% " $& +%&#'!& !+%-0

'>&!+% 4<)&"%(!(%&%!>%(! )3)%/&;>%( C7

!3"&"% >%(! C/&"%3)%/& . 7%&3!& ""% +3"%&

0 "!'"%&($ >&& +) >$!

'>& % 7>&(3$& /7

&"%-5( $(' ;!-

3:8C6E2MN8 cP7E96N9:Q9OD829:` ;UCL2CC3 3:8C6E2MN8 ]MNKCC6K:O8Q9OD829:i OD:: LKF 32:3:

723 ;KV:DNF3nKDQ28R8 f J9:C8D:L 73E \DNE8S3CMNZ2:72SO328i O9:8E9QQ23E8 K:7 D:73E3EC328C

73ETU3E73MOK:SCSED7 32:3C 1^C DUS3Q3C3: Z3E73: f]KFF3 73EDKV73E12DS9:DQ3 Q23S3:>

73: cP7E96N9:SEK663: 73E [3ED73: h 2: hI EiI;KC ;UUIhIEDiS3N8 DKY3E73F N3EX9E` 7DCC

73E TU3E73MOK:SCSED7 LK:RMNC8 X9: HU2CDKV73: :DMN hI BLK U3E3MN:3:83: e3E8LK:2FF8I

@F ;:> K:7 ;KCQDKVZ2E7 DQC9 73EFD52FDQFbSQ2MN3 TU3E73MOK:SCSED7 73C k39UDMN8K:SC>

CMN3FDC :9MN :2MN8 3EE32MN8I @F Z3283E3: r3EQDKV 73E

>^E9L37KE Z3E73: 723 2F

1^ C83N3:73: ]6KE3: <ld>O9EE2S23E8 K:7 D:CMNQ23Y3:7 S3C8D63Q8I

123 1D83:nKDQ28R8 ZDE 8E98L C8DEO3E 42CVDNE8 E3MN8 SK8I<KEX3E32:L3Q8 FKCC83:

C3NEX3EEDKCMN83 1^C K:7 13V3O8C6KE3: S3QbCMN8Z3E73:I123 J9:8E9QQ3 3EV9QS82:83EDO82X`

(43)

Z9U32 32:L3Q:3 1^C DKV ^9QDE28R8CKFO3NE`13V3O8>` F9:9VE3nK3:83 973E C3NE X3EEDKCMN83

]6KE3: 723 7KEMN V3NQ3ENDV83 cP7E96N9:3 2F ]8E3DF3EN3EX9ES3EKV3: ZKE73:`7KEMNS3C3N3:

Z3E73:I 123 13V3O8C6KE3: Z3E73: S3QbCMN8` KF 32: ;KVC8D63Q: 73C ]8bEC2S:DQ3C ZRNE3:7

73E 1^>]8D63QK:S LK X3EN2:73E:I ^9C282X3E <3U3:33O8 73E KDQ28R8CO9:8E9QQ3 2C8 7DC

4EVDCC3: 73C jKC8D:73C 73C

I\3NQ3ENDV83

>]3O829:3: Z3E73: DKVS3VK:73:

K:7 Ob::3: C6R83E S3Z3MNC3Q8 973E E36DE23E8 Z3E73:I

42:3 DOOKED83 @:83E6E38D829: E3m3529:CC32CF2CMN3E 1D83: 3E>

V9E73E8723 J3::8:2C 73E [3CMNZ2:72SO328 2:o373F ^K:O8 3:8QD:S 73C WDKVZ3S3C 73E e3QQ3I

1D 723C :2MN8 FbSQ2MN 2C8` F_CC3: ;::DNF3: LKE [3CMNZ2:72SO328CX3E832QK:S 2F a:83E>

SEK:7 S3FDMN8 Z3E73:`KF 723 ^9C2829: 73C s3m3529:CN9E2L9:83C FbSQ2MNC8 S3:DK D:S3U3:

LK Ob::3:I l28 73: ;::DNF3: 32:3E S3E2:S3: ]MN2MN8:32SK:S K:7 N9E2L9:8DQ3: :73EK:S

638E96NPC2ODQ2CMN3E J3::SEbY3: f12MN83

ρ

K:7 ;KCUE328K:SCS3CMNZ2:72SO328

v

73E 3QDC82>

CMN3: e3QQ3 2F l372KFi OD:: 723 WbCK:S 73C E3DQ3: 7E3272F3:C29:DQ3: ^E9UQ3FC DKV 32:3

LZ3272F3:C29:DQ3 3U3:3 WbCK:S X3E32:VDMN8 Z3E73:I\_E32:3: 3U3:3: s3m3O89E 2F N9E2L9:>

8DQ S3CMN2MN8383: cDQUEDKF QRCC8 C2MN 723 E3DQ3 WDKVL328OKEX3

t k

DQC K:3:7Q2MN3 ^983:LE32N3

f=D:3E K:7 J93NQ3E H

p

i 73E [3C8DQ8

t 2 k = c 1 + c 2 x 2 + c 3 x 4 + ...,

F28

c 1 = t 2 0 , c 2 = 1

˜ v 2

f hI hi

7DEC83QQ3: f

c k

C83QQ3: O9F6Q353 J93L23:83: 7DEiI e2E7 723 ^983:LE32N3 :DMN 73F LZ3283:

[Q237 DUS3UE9MN3:` 3ENDQ83: Z2E DQC <RN3EK:S f \9EOFD:: H qUi 723 cP63EU3QSQ32MNK:S

t 2 a = t 2 0 + x 2

˜

v 2 ,

F28

t 0 = 2z

v .

f hIti

x

2C8723 4:8V3E:K:S LZ2CMN3: K3QQ3 K:7 4F6VR:S3E fi`

v ˜

723 43O82XS3CMNZ2:72SO328`

t 0

723 W98L328 K:7

z

723 s3m3O89E823V3I

˜ v

2C8 32: lDY V_E 723 JE_FFK:S 73E cP63EU3Q K:7

2C8 7KEMN

˜ v =

v u u t

P

k d k v k

P

k d k

v k

=

s P

k v k 2 t k

t 0

f\9EOFD:: H qUi f hIEi

73:23E8I

d k

U3L32MN:38 723 ]MN2MN8FRMN82SO328 K:7

v k

723 ]MN2MN8S3CMNZ2:72SO328 73E O>83:

]MN2MN8I 123 123E3:L f

t a − t k

iU3CMNE32U8 723 ;UZ32MNK:S 73E E3DQ3: WDKVL328SQ32MNK:S X9:

73E cP63EU3QV9EF K:7 3EOQRE8 C2MN DKC 73E ;UZ32MNK:S 73C E3DQ3: ]8EDNQ3:Z3S3C X9: 73E

S3ED7Q2:2S3: r3EU2:7K:S LZ2CMN3: ;:E3SK:SC> ULZI 4F6VD:SC6K:O8 K:7 s3m3529:C6K:O8

Z3S3: 73E 2: S3CMN2MN8383: l3723: DKV8E383:73 ]8EDNQ3:UE3MNK:S f \9EOFD:: H qUiI l28

73E 1@?CMN3: \9EF3Q

v k =

v u u t

˜

v k 2 · t 0,k − ˜ v k 2 − 1 · t 0,k − 1

t 0,k − t 0,k − 1

f hIpi

(44)

Ob::3: DKC 73: 43O82XS3CMNZ2:72SO3283:

˜ v k

K:7

˜ v k − 1

C9Z23 73: LKS3NbE2S3: W98L3283:

t 0,k

K:7

t 0,k − 1

723 ]MN2MN8S3CMNZ2:72SO3283: fULZI@:83EXDQQS3CMNZ2:72SO3283:i3EF2883Q8Z3E73:I

@F \DQQ3 S3:32S83E s3m3O89E3: fLIkI ]DQL79F3`EDKN3C kDC3F3:8`C832Q3 J9:82:3:8DQNR:S3i

C2:7 723 U3E3MN:383: @:83EXDQQS3CMNZ2:72SO3283: F28 SE9Y3F \3NQ3E U3NDV838 K:7 F_CC3:

S3C9:73E8 U38EDMN838 Z3E73:I

138D2QQ23E83 k38EDMN8K:S3: LK 73: C32CF2CMN3: [3CMNZ2:72SO3283: :73: C2MN K:83E D:>

73E3F 2: 2QFDL fBGGHi` \9EOFD:: fH

q

Ui K:7 ]N3E2A[3Q7DE8 fH

p iI

1DC [3CMNZ2:72SO328CF973QQ ZKE73 F28 73F 2:83EDO82X3: \da]> l97KQ r4W14\ 7KEMN

^2MO3:` 7IN D:SQ32MN3: 73E WDKVL328OKEX3 D: C2MN8UDE3 s3m3529:CNP63EU3Q: 2: C36DED83:

1^>[EK663: 3EC83QQ8I [362MO8 ZKE73 2: 73E =23VC33 o373E HGGC83` DKV 73F ]MN3QV o373E

EGC83 1^I 1DC [3CMNZ2:72SO328CF973QQ 723:8 DQC [EK:7QDS3 LKE 7P:DF2CMN3: J9EE3O8KE>

U3E3MN:K:S f<ld>J9EE3O8KEi` j328>=23V3:O9:X3EC29: K:7 l2SED829: 73C ^E9Q3CI g3 :DMN

;:V9E73EK:S K:7 S39Q9S2CMN3E]28KD829: FKCC 7DCl973QQX3EV32:3E8Z3E73:I@: 723C3F \DQQ3

E32MN83: 32:3 Z2373EN9Q83 TU3EDEU328K:S 73E ^2MOC DKC`Z32Q 723 [EK:7X9EDKCC38LK:S3: Z3>

S3: 73F C3NE OKEL3:

K:7 73E CMNQ3MN83: 42CU372:SK:S3: ZRNE3:7 73E l3CCVDNE8

V_E 738D2QQ23E83 [3CMNZ2:72SO328CC8K723: V3NQ83:I

;UUI hIp L32S8 32: k32C623Q 73C ^2MO3:C X9: [3CMNZ2:72SO3283: 2: 32:3F 1^>SD8N3E F28

c2QV3 X9: [3CMNZ2:72SO328CC63O8E3:I 43O82XS3CMNZ2:72SO3283: f

˜

v

i FDEOD:83E cP63EU3Q:

2F 1D83:CD8L L32S3: 32:3: 8P62CMN D:C832S3:73: [3CMNZ2:72SO328CX3EQDKV F28 73E =23V3I

<3U3:

˜

v

Z2E7 SQ32MNL3282S 723 @:83EXDQQS3CMNZ2:72SO328

v i

D:S3L32S8I

@: 32:2S3: \RQQ3: 3EZ23C C2MN 723 r3EZ3:7K:S 73E ]3FUQD:M3 DQC C3NE N2QVE32MN3C e3EO>

L3KS U32 73E k3C82FFK:S 73E 9682FDQ3: ]8D63QS3CMNZ2:72SO328I 123 ]3FUQD:M3 U3CMNE32U8

723 N:Q2MNO328X3ECMN2373:3E ]6KE3: 2::3ENDQU 32:3CS3ZRNQ83: j328V3:C83ECI]9 Z3E73: DQQ3

]6KE3: 32:3C 1^>SD8N3EF28O9:C8D:83: [3CMNZ2:72SO3283: <ld>O9EE2S23E8 K:7 D:CMNQ23>

Y3:7 DKV N:Q2MNO328 2: 32:3F X9ES3S3U3:3: j328V3:C83E 3:8QD:S 73E S3CDF83: C32CF2CMN3:

]6KE S36E_V8I 123 C2MN 3ES3U3:73: :9EF23E83: ]3FUQD:M3Z3E83 C2:7 2F E3MN83: =32Q 73E

;UUI hIp 3EC2MN8Q2MNI j9:3: FD52FDQ3E N:Q2MNO328 3F6V3NQ3: C9F28 9682FDQ3

˜

v

I 123 FD>

8N3FD8N2CMN3 \9EFKQ23EK:S 73E ]3FUQD:M3 :738 C2MN 2: [Q32MNK:S

S t =

P t+∆t

t=t ( P t g ti ) 2

P t+∆t t=t

P

i (g ti 2 )

f ]N3E2 K:7 [3Q7DE8 H pi f hIqi

Z9U32

g ti

V_E 723 ;F6Q28K73 32:3E ]6KE 2 LKE j328 8 C83N8I

S t

U3CMNE32U8 DQC9 7DC r3ENRQ8:2C

73E [3CDF83:3ES23 DQQ3E S3C8D63Q83: ]6KE3: 2::3ENDQU 32:3C j328V3:C83EC 73E WR:S3

∆t

LK

73E ]KFF3 73E 4:3ES23 73E 42:L3QC6KE3: 2::3ENDQU 73CC3QU3: j328V3:C83EC` 7INI 73E ]3F>

UQD:M3O93L23:8 2C8 6E969E829:DQ LKF 4:3ES23X3ENRQ8:2CC X9: 9K86K8 K:7 2:6K8 f <3273QQ

K:7 =D:3E H

q HiI

@: [3U2383: O9F6Q353E [39Q9S23 E32MN8 9V8FDQC 7DC [3CMNZ2:72SO328CC63O8EKF :2MN8 DKC`

Referenzen

ÄHNLICHE DOKUMENTE

[r]

[r]

[r]

[r]

[r]

This required keyword parameter allows the programmer to insert file identification data, where label is the address of an eight-byte area in the problem program

For read, sense, or end status byte operations, the control unit sends the request in signal to the multiplexer channel, and the channel responds only if the

c) Formulieren Sie den detaillierten Mechanismus der Reaktion für die Bildung des Hauptproduktes inklusive der Bildung des Elektrophils (auch Grenzstrukturen des Elektrophils