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Universität Zürich Lehrstuhl Prof. Dr. Hans-Ueli Vogt
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Interessenausgleich und Verhältnismässigkeit (I/II): Der Erwerb einer beweglichen Sache vom
Nichtberechtigten
¾ Interesse des Eigentümers an der Rückerlangung seiner Sache vs. Interesse des Dritterwerbers am Schutz seines Vertrauens
¾ Verhältnismässiger Interessenausgleich:
• Vertrauensschutz bzw. Eigentumsverlust bei „anvertrauten“ Sachen
(Art. 714 Abs. 2 in Verbindung mit Art. 933 ZGB)
• Kein Vertrauensschutz bzw. Eigentumsverlust bei „abhanden gekommenen“ Sachen während fünf Jahren
(Art. 714 Abs. 2 in Verbindung mit Art. 934 Abs. 1 ZGB, siehe aber auch Art. 934 Abs. 1bisZGB)• Kein Vertrauensschutz bzw. Eigentumsverlust bei „abhanden gekommenen“ Sachen, die auf einer Versteigerung, einem Markt oder von einem Kaufmann erworben wurden, jedoch Pflicht zur Bezahlung des Kaufpreises
(Art. 714 Abs. 2 in Verbindung mit Art. 934 Abs. 2 ZGB)• Kein Vertrauensschutz bzw. Eigentumsverlust bei bösem Glauben
(Art. 714 Abs. 2 in Verbindung mit Art. 936 ZGB)
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Der Erwerb einer beweglichen Sache vom Nichtberechtigten
¾ A
¾ A
¾ A
¾ A
B B B B
C C C C
„anvertraut“
„abhanden gekommen“
„abhanden gekommen“
„anvertraut“ oder
„abhanden gekommen“
Erwerb im guten Glauben
Erwerb im guten Glauben
Erwerb im bösen Glauben
Erwerb im guten Glauben,
auf einer Versteigerung, einem
Markt oder von einem Kaufmann
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Interessenausgleich und Verhältnismässigkeit (II/II): Einschränkung von Freiheitsrechten
¾ Öffentliches Interesse oder Drittinteressen vs.
Interesse des Einzelnen an der Ausübung des Freiheitsrechts
(siehe Art. 36 Abs. 2 BV)¾ Verhältnismässiger Interessenausgleich
(siehe Art. 36 Abs. 3 BV):1. Eignung 2. Erforderlichkeit
3. Verhältnismässigkeit zwischen der Einschränkung des Freiheitsrechts
und dem öffentlichen Interesse oder Drittinteresse
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Zweckmässigkeit, Durchsetzbarkeit und Effizienz
¾ Verkehrsregeln
¾ Verjährung und Verwirkung
(z.B. Art. 60, 127 OR, Art. 521, 533 ZGB)¾ Instanzenzug und Rechtskraft
¾ Nichtigkeit bzw. Schadenersatz bei unmöglichen
vertraglichen Leistungen
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Die Methode der Rechtsanwendung
1. Feststellung des Sachverhalts; Bestimmung des rechtserheblichen Sachverhalts („Tatbestand“) und der allenfalls einschlägigen Rechtsnormen
2. Auslegung der Rechtsnormen, nötigenfalls Lückenfüllung
3. Bestimmung der Rechtsfolge durch Subsumtion des
rechtserheblichen Sachverhalts unter die einschlägigen
Rechtsnormen
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Die Elemente der Auslegung
¾ Das grammatische Auslegungselement
¾ Das systematische Auslegungselement
¾ Das historische Auslegungselement
¾ Das teleologische Auslegungselement
¾ Das realistische Auslegungselement
¾ Das rechtsvergleichende Auslegungselement
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Das grammatische Auslegungselement (I/II)
¾ Wortlaut als Ausgangspunkt der Auslegung
¾ Wortsinn als gewichtiges Indiz für den Normsinn
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Das grammatische Auslegungselement (II/II)
¾ Extensive Auslegung entgegen dem Wortlaut
(insbesondere durch Analogie):
¾ Restriktive Auslegung entgegen dem Wortlaut
(insbesondere durch teleologische Reduktion):
Wortlaut Zweck
Zweck
Wortlaut
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Das systematische Auslegungselement (I/II)
¾ Berücksichtigung des äusseren Systems
¾ Berücksichtigung des inneren Systems
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