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Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures.

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Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures.

(2)

Basic amino acid structure - glycine

Basic amino acid structure - glycine

(3)

Primary structure of insulin - Primary structure of insulin -

polymerisation polymerisation

DEFINITION: The primary structure of a protein is given by the unique specific sequence of amino acids that make up the protein

(4)

Secondary structure - Alpha helix Secondary structure - Alpha helix

and polypeptide chain and polypeptide chain

+ - Hydrogen

bond

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(6)

Quaternary structure

• Combination of different

polypeptide chains.

• May also be non-

protein (prosthetic) groups associated with the molecules e.g. Haem

6

(7)

Haemocyanin

crabs, lobsters, snails, octopus have blue blood.

β - polypeptide

α - polypeptide Haem unit

Haemoglobin

Copper unit

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Describe the 4 levels of protein Describe the 4 levels of protein

structure in haemoglobin structure in haemoglobin

• Primary – consists of 4 polypeptide chains

• Secondary – chains are coiled into a helix

• Tertiary – each polypeptide chain is folded into a precise shape (allowing it to carry 02)

• Quaternary – all 4 polypeptide chains are linked together to form an almost spherical molecule.

Each polypeptide is associated with a Haem group (contains Fe2+) Each Fe2+ ion can combine with one 02 molecule.

• How many oxygen’s can be carried by each haemoglobin?

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