Treatment of low and intermediate radioactive waste (ion-exchange resins, liquid

5. Appendix A

5.1. Treatment of low and intermediate radioactive waste (ion-exchange resins, liquid

Data Value Unit

Treatment for ion-exchange resins - Electricity demand for drying 800 kWh/drum Treatment for ion-exchange resins - Electricity demand for bituminization in drum 450 kWh/drum Treatment for ion-exchange resins - Demand for bitumen per drum 116 kg/drum Treatment for ion-exchange resins - Demand for nitrogen per drum unknown kg/drum Treatment for ion-exchange resins - kg of ion-exchange resin per batch treatment with nitrogen 180 kg/batch Treatment for ion-exchange resins - kg of ion-exchange resin per drum 67 kg/drum Treatment for liquid concentrate - Chemical requirement - Sulfuric acid (Schwefelsäure) 657 kg/a Treatment for liquid concentrate - Chemical requirement - Caustic soda (Natronlauge) 3600 kg/a Treatment for liquid concentrate - Chemical requirement - EDTA 25 kg/a Treatment for liquid concentrate - Chemical requirement - Antifoam (Antischaum) 5 kg/a Treatment for liquid concentrate - Bitumen requirement per drum 136 kg/drum Treatment for liquid concentrate - Bitumen requirement per year 4.9 ton/a

Treatment for liquid concentrate - Cement requirement 83.7 kg/drum

Treatment for liquid concentrate - Electricity demand for drying 800 kWh/drum Treatment for liquid concentrate - Electricity demand for bituminization in drum 450 kWh/drum

Treatment for filter and activated metals - Cement per drum 83.7 kg/drum

69 5.2. Reference data year of PWR (KKG)

5.3. Scaled environmental impacts of electricity production in UK, US (WECC), Netherlands and Germany

before operation 1979 …. 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 … 2029

Uranium Mining Uranium Conversion Uranium Enrichment

Fuel and Control Rod Assembly Fabrication Nuclear Power Production

Annual electricity production Nuclear power plant construction Nuclear power plant decommission Electricity consumption during outage Fuel assembly consumption

Chemical consumption Emissions

Waste Generation and Disposal Hazardous waste, non-radiactive Non-hazardous waste

Spent fuel

Low and intermediate radioactive waste Low radioactive waste for incineration Low radioactive waste for conditioning

Note: based on medium-voltage electricity production from country market in ecoinvent version 3.3; scaled by dividing the absolute impact by maximum impact of each impact category; worst-performed country is equal to 1.

5.4. Absolute environmental impact of electricity generation technologies

Nuclear PV slanted rood inst. Wind, onshore Hydro Natural

Gas

Freshwater ecotoxicity CTUe 4.1E-01 7.6E-01 9.8E+00 9.8E+00 7.1E-01 2.6E+00 6.4E-02 5.5E-02 3.1E-01 1.8E+00

Land use kg C deficit 2.5E-02 2.2E-02 1.1E-01 1.2E-01 1.9E-01 2.7E-01 9.2E-03 -2.4E-02 2.9E-01 3.7E-01

71 5.5. Contribution analysis of uranium mining and milling (Functional unit: 1 kg of uranium in yellowcake mined and milled)

0.0E+00 5.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.5E+02 2.0E+02 2.5E+02 3.0E+02 3.5E+02

Russia Canada Australia Global ISL CO2eq/kg of uranium mined and milled, in yellowcake

Talling Treatment

Mine Infrastructure Underground Uranium Mill Construction Chemical Consumption Transport

Water

Energy_Electricity Energy_Hard Coal Energy_Heat

Energy_Peteroleum Products Uranium Mining

Climate Change

72 kBq U235 eq/kg of uranium mined and milled, in yellowcake

Talling Treatment kg PM2.5 eq/kg of uranium mined and milled, in yellowcake

Talling Treatment

73 CTUh/kg of uranium mined and milled, in yellowcake

Talling Treatment CTUh/kg of uranium mined and milled, in yellowcake

Talling Treatment

74 CTUe/kg of uranium mined and milled, in yellowcake

Talling Treatment kg of C deficit/kg of uranium mined and milled, in yellowcake

Talling Treatment

0.0E+00 5.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.5E+00 2.0E+00 2.5E+00 3.0E+00 3.5E+00

Russia Canada Australia Global ISL molc H+ eq/kg of uranium mined and milled, in yellowcake

Talling Treatment

Mine Infrastructure Underground Uranium Mill Construction Chemical Consumption Transport

Water

Energy_Electricity Energy_Hard Coal Energy_Heat

Energy_Peteroleum Products Uranium Mining

Acidification

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Im Dokument Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Nuclear Power in Switzerland (Seite 71-0)