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Chapter III: Metatranscriptomics in sandy sediments during a spring phytoplankton bloom
of the Planctomycetia are not only the most active candidates for the depolymerization of complex organic matter but also the major contributor of transcribed genes that could be annotated to encode for glycoside hydrolases over the time course of the three months sampling campaign.
Comparison of benthic and planktonic community dynamics during a spring phytoplankton bloom
Our initial hypothesis was that over the time of a spring phytoplankton bloom, we would detect a clear and significant response in identity and function of the benthic community involved in degradation of the phytoplankton. Such transcriptomic signal would provide indications of how the benthic microbial community may remineralize a phytoplankton bloom-derived organic matter. Based on this preliminary analysis, we could not verify this hypothesis: during the spring bloom no changes in the relative activtiy of microbial clades and gene transcription could be detected. The relative contribution of active clades and the gene transcription was stable with depth and time since transcripts were likely diatom-dominated.
Using metagenomic data, it was shown that even after the onset of the phytoplankton blooms, the bacterioplankton community composition changed continuously (Teeling et al., 2016).
Although transcriptomic and metagenomic data do not reflect the same underlying mechanisms, results presented here indicate a much more stable community composition and activity. In the shallow surface sediments at HelRoads, the contribution of benthic microalgae-derived organic matter might add substantially to phytoplankton-derived organic matter. Fast transfer of photosynthetically fixed organic carbon to the microbial community (Middelburg et al., 2000) may provide more stable substrate concentrations and might explain the stable GH and CBM transcription found for three different sampling dates and two sediment depth layer.
To conclude, our results are still based on a preliminary analysis of a complex dataset.
Nonetheless, we showed that at shallow water depths, benthic diatoms add to the relevant carbon pool for the benthic microbial community during phytoplankton blooms. Within the scope of three months, most genus- and family-level clades are evenly active over time and sediment depth and no distinct temporal changes in function could be detected, potentially due to the dominance of photoautotrophy. This includes enzymes specifically involved in the degradation of organic carbon. Nevertheless, we found candidate enzymes differentiating carbon degradation in the plankton and benthos, potentially reflecting different carbon pools.
Chapter III: Metatranscriptomics in sandy sediments during a spring phytoplankton bloom
108
We propose that taxa of the Planctomycetia and clade OM190 are major player for the remineralization of complex organic matter in sandy surface sediments.
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Christoph Walcher, Marco Warmuth and the entire team for excellent sample retrieval and logistical support (Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Centre for Scientific Diving). Matthew Schechter is greatly acknowledged for initial work on metatranscriptome analysis. We thank Antje Wichels and Eva-Maria Brodte for providing infrastructure at AWI Helgoland. We thank Karen Wiltshire and Alexandra Kraberg for providing data on chlorophyll values. This work was funded by the Max Planck Society, Germany.
Chapter III: Metatranscriptomics in sandy sediments during a spring phytoplankton bloom
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