Tables of values of biological effect monitoring parameters

177

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Toluene 141 92 4.9^g

(GSD 19.7)

74 5.0^g

(GSD 18.8)

STENGEL et al. (1998)

Toluene < 380² 45 10.6

(2.6 - 577.0)

45 11.5

(4.4 - 55.7)

NG et al.

(1990)

5 1.85^g 5 1.28^g Overnight urine samples

Styrene 113

5 4.03^g 5 2.33^g End-oft-shift-samples;

2 exp./0 controls >

upper ref. limit of 20

178

Albumin (mg/g creatinine) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Styrene 100 20-300 65 6.4^g

(GSD 2.2)

0.5 – 105 212 (33 positive

tests)

58 5.2 < 10 a production work

18 7.3 > 10 a production work

Not reported

179

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

- - End-of-shift values after

day of aircraft de-icing, longitudinal study, no

- - End-of-shift values in

period without de-icing,

180

Albumin (mg/g creatinine) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Controls with shift work (from petroleum refinery) controls without shift-work;

64 exposed also in BOOGAARD et al.

Data after morning of one day with exposure 0.26

-9.39

15 3.60

(SD 2.32)

Data after afternoon of one day with exposure 1,3-DCP

16 1.99

(SD 1.26)

Data on late evening of one day with exposure

OSTERLOH and FELDMAN (1993)

181

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Data next morning after one day of exposure

OSTERLOH

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Data from same group of workers after and before working season

BROUWER et al. (1991)

182

Albumin excretion (µg/min) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean²

(SD or SEM)

Values given for control group only

a: arithmetic mean, if not otherwise indicated

g: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation

1: TWA varied between 10 and 50 % of Swedish hygiene limit for toluene (300 mg/m³) and xylene (350 mg/m³) 2: values given in ppm in original reference

3: 1,3-dichloropropene: roughly equal mixture of Z/E-isomers 4: reported exposure level on average 0.5 x threshold limit values

5: In the original reference, values are given as unitless "albumin/creatinine ratios" which most likely correspond to g albumin/g creatinine 6: sum of hexanes at most workplaces exceeded TLV

7: values given as mg albumin/mmol creatinine in original reference; (MG creatinine: 113,12 g/mol)

183

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Toluene 141 92 50.4^g

(GSD 16.8)

Styrene 100 20-300 65 63^g

(GSD 21.7)

- - End-of-shift values after

day of aircraft de-icing , no control group

- - End-of-shift values in

period without de-icing,

184

ß2M (µg/g creatinine) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Controls with shift work Controls without shift-work,

64 exposed workers also in BOOGAARD et al. (1993)

BOOGAARD and CAUBO (1994)

185

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Median (range)

No. Mean^a (SD or SEM)

Median (range)

Styrene 20 – 100 52 191

(SD 187)

140 48 259

(SD 393)

134 (0 - 1840)

Peak concentrations up to 925 mg/m³

Toluene 300 – 400 42 112

(SD 75)

97 48 259

(SD 393)

134 (0 - 1840) Xylene,

toluene

see¹ 40 255

(656)

99 48 259

(SD 393)

134 (0 - 1840)

ASKERGREN et al. (1981a)

1,3-DCP 1.9 - 18.9 12 109.9

(65.3 - 350.9)

8 76.4

(45.0 - 174.3)

Data from same group of workers before and after working season, 8 out of 28 urine samples excluded because of pH

< 5.5

BROUWER et al. (1991)

186

ß2M excretion (µg/min) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Median (range)

No. Mean^a (SD or SEM)

Median (range)

Remarks Reference

Toluene containing solvent mixtures

4 39 0.086

(SEM 0.007)

36 0.088

(SEM 0.011)

KRUSELL et al.

(1985)

a: arithmetic mean, if not otherwise indicated

g: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation

1: TWA varied between 10 and 50 % of Swedish hygiene limit for toluene (300 mg/m³) and xylene (350 mg/m³) 2: values given in ppm in original reference.

3: 1,3-dichloropropene: roughly equal mixture of Z/E-isomers 4: reported exposure level on average 0.5 x threshold limit values

5: In the original reference, values are given as unitless "albumin/creatinine ratios" which most likely correspond to g albumin/g creatinine 6: sum of hexanes at most workplaces exceeded TLV

7: values given as mg albumin/mmol creatinine in original reference; (MG creatinine: 113,12 g/mol)

187

RBP (µg/g creatinine)

Concen-tration

(mg/m³) Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

Main compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

5 69.2^g 5 40.89^g Overnight urine samples

Styrene 113

5 33.14^g 5 35.58^g End-oft-shift-sample

VERPLANKE

Toluene < 380² 45 159

(18 - 2274)

45 88

(26 - 557)

­ prevalence of elevated values (³ 265 µg/g)

- - End-of-shift values after

day of aircraft de-icing , no control group Ethylene

glycol

33 50.47^g (GSD 1.66)

- - End-of-shift values in

period without de-icing , no control group

GERIN et al.

(1997)

3Concentration of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in urine of solvent-exposed workers - results from cross-sectional studies

188

RBP (µg/g creatinine)

Concen-tration

(mg/m³) Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

Main compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM) often in exposed group

MUTTI et al.

Data after morning of one day with exposure

OSTERLOH and FELDMAN (1993)

189

(mg/m³) Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Median (range)

No. Mean^a (SD or SEM)

Median (range) 0.26

-9.39

15 16.85

(SD 10.64)

Data after afternoon of one day with exposure

16 17.97

(SD 14.00)

Data on late evening of one day with exposure 1,3-DCP

16 30.88

(SD 35.15)

Data next morning after one day of exposure

OSTERLOH and FELDMAN (1993)

190

RBP (µg/l)

Concen-tration

(mg/m³) Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

Main compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Median (range)

No. Mean^a (SD or SEM)

Median (range)

Remarks Reference

1,3-DCP 1.9 - 18.9 14 26.9

(16.5 - 72.7)

14 20.0

(8.4 - 36.1)

Data from same group of workers before and after working season

BROUWER et al. (1991)

a: arithmetic mean, if not otherwise indicated

g: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation

1: TWA varied between 10 and 50 % of Swedish hygiene limit for toluene (300 mg/m³) and xylene (350 mg/m³) 2: values given in ppm in original reference

3: 1,3-dichloropropene: roughly equal mixture of Z/E-isomers 4: reported exposure level on average 0.5 x threshold limit values

5: In the original reference, values are given as unitless "albumin/creatinine ratios" which most likely correspond to g albumin/g creatinine;

6: sum of hexanes at most workplaces exceeded TLV

7: values given as mg albumin/mmol creatinine in original reference; (MG creatinine: 113,12 g/mol).

191

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Toluene 141 92 2.0^g

(GSD 14.5)

74 1.9^g

(GSD 14.5)

STENGEL et al. (1998)

113 5 1.06^g 5 1.57^g Overnight urine samples

Styrene

5 2.38^g 5 2.46^g End-oft-shift-samples

VERPLANKE

End of last workday values

4N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)activity in urine ofsolvent-exposed workers - results from cross-sectional studies

192

NAG (U/g creatinine) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM) from figures; high values more frequent in exposed groups

YAQOOB et al. (1993)

58 6.5 < 10 a production work

18 10.0 > 10 a production work

Not reported

No correlation with TCA-excretion;

193

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM) group; values in original reference reported as

0.46 - 19.18 Low participation; no

control group

194

NAG (U/g creatinine) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Controls with shift work (oil refinery workers) control without shift-work;

64 exposed workers also in BOOGAARD et al. (1993)

Data after morning of one day with exposure 0.26

-9.39

15 2.44

(SD 0.91)

Data after afternoon of one day with exposure

16 2.72

(SD 1.05)

Data on late evening of one day with exposure 1,3-DCP

16 2.79

(SD 1.40)

data next morning after one day of exposure

OSTERLOH and

FELDMAN (1993)

195

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

a: arithmetic mean, if not otherwise indicated; g: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation

1: TWA varied between 10 and 50 % of Swedish hygiene limit for toluene (300 mg/m³) and xylene (350 mg/m³) 2: values given in ppm in original reference

3: 1,3-dichloropropene: roughly equal mixture of Z/E-isomers 4: reported exposure level on average 0.5 x threshold limit values

5: In the original reference, values are given as unitless "albumin/creatinine ratios" which most likely correspond to g albumin/g creatinine 6: sum of hexanes at most workplaces exceeded TLV

7: values given as mg albumin/mmol creatinine in original reference; (MG creatinine: 113,12 g/mol) 8: values given as µmol 4-methylumbelliferon/(h g creatinine) in original reference

196

ß-Galactosidase (U/g creatinine) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Median (range)

No. Mean^a (SD or SEM)

Median (range)

Remarks Reference

5 1.89^g 5 1.44^g Overnight urine samples

Styrene 113

5 1.18^g 5 1.20^g End-oft-shift-samples

VERPLANKE and HERBER (1998)

Tetrachloro-ethene

7.9 1 - 221 82 2.12 19 2.32 VERPLANKE

et al. (1999)

ß-Galactosidase (U/l) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Median (range)

No. Mean^a (SD or SEM)

Median (range)

Remarks Reference

1,3-DCP 1.9 - 18.9 12 2.4

(1.7 - 5.6)

11 1.9

(1.1 - 7.2)

Data from same group of workers before and after working season

BROUWER et al. (1991)

a: arithmetic mean, if not otherwise indicated

g: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation

Tab. 9.5ß-galactosidase (ßGal) activity in urine of solvent-exposed workers - results from cross-sectional studies

197

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Toluene 141 92 5.2^g

(GSD 13.2)

74 5.3^g

(GSD 13.3)

STENGEL et al. (1998)

5 3.60^g 5 3.04^g Overnight urine samples

Styrene 113

5 4.49^g 5 3.35^g End-oft-shift-samples

VERPLANKE

198

AAP (U/l) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Data from same group of workers before and after working season

BROUWER et al. (1991)

a: arithmetic mean, if not otherwise indicated

g: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation

1: TWA varied between 10 and 50 % of Swedish hygiene limit for toluene (300 mg/m³) and xylene (350 mg/m³) 2: values given in ppm in original reference

3: 1,3-dichloropropene: roughly equal mixture of Z/E-isomers 4: reported exposure level on average 0.5 x threshold limit values

5: In the original reference, values are given as unitless "albumin/creatinine ratios" which most likely correspond to g albumin/g creatinine 6: sum of hexanes at most workplaces exceeded TLV

7: values given as mg albumin/mmol creatinine in original reference; (MG creatinine: 113,12 g/mol).

199

Total protein (mg/g creatinine) Concentration

(mg/m³)

Exposed workers Non-exposed controls Main

compounds

TWA Range No. Mean^a

(SD or SEM)

Im Dokument Nephrotoxicity of Organic SolventsEvaluation of the Literature (Seite 177-200)