'Abd al-Jabbar 273, 362-66
'Abd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph) 384 Acts, book of 48, 53, 199-200, 208,
231, 269, 280, 353, 365, 367-70 Aeschylus 43
Alexander Polyhistor 236-37 Alexandria 39, 54, 176, 238-39, 241,
290
Ambrose 38, 351 amixia 41, 43
amoraic period 19,181,381 Anahid 380
anti-Christian polemics 58-60, 241, 214, 362, 364
Antigonus of Sokho 161,163,168 anti-Jewish literature. See contra
Iudaeos tradition.
anti-Judaism 8-10, 12, 21, 38-39, 47, 56, 58, 61, 62, 103, 210, 228, 230, 253, 271, 284, 347, 352, 369, 371, 377-78, 383, 387
Antioch 157, 159, 206, 375
anti-Paulinism 138, 211, 198, 363-64 Aphrahat 238, 255, 284-87, 289-90,
294-304, 305-6, 377-81
Aphrodisias, inscriptions from 36, 49, 51, 219
Apocalypse of Abraham 133 Apocalypse of Elijah 133,134 apocalypticism 38, 53-54, 102, 136,
137, 158, 340, 376, 384 - and Christian exegesis 38, 344 - early medieval 341, 352, 388 - Second Temple Jewish and early
Christian 53, 55, 135, 137-38 Apollinarius 349
apostolic history 200-1,208-11, 198 apostolic succession 160, 172, 173-74,
176-89
Aquila 60, 239, 241, 246, 249, 251-52 Arab conquest 62, 374, 384-85, 387 Arian controversy 200, 354 Aristobulos 256
Aristotle, Aristotelian logic 388-89 Artapanus 45, 236
Ascension of Isaiah 133-39, 141,309 Asia Minor 40, 53, 107, 141-43, 146,
152, 158
Augustine 38, 47, 51, 60, 239, 251, 253, 265, 315
Avot de Rabbi Nathan 162,165,182, 302-5
baptism 209-10,212,218-19,223, 294
Bar Haninah 113 Bar Kokhba 91
Bar Kokhba Revolt 4, 10, 35, 74, 64, 192, 212
Baruch, book of 235 2 Baruch 211 3 Baruch 134
Beraita de Niddah 311,318-23 biblical exegesis. See also midrash.
- as shared discourse and common ground 79, 253, 296-97, 392 - channels for mediating traditions
about 296-97
- Hellenistic Jewish 237-38
- in Jewish-Christian debates 247, 218 - proto-orthodox/orthodox Christian
234-35, 238, 240
birkat ha-minim 4 - 5 , 6 0 , 3 7 1 , 3 4 4 bnay qyäma 285
Byzantine Empire 311-12,320,325, 341^13, 346-47, 351, 363-66 Caesarea 109, 176, 236, 246 Caiaphas 207, 212
Caligula 46 canons
- conciliar 38, 26, 62
- scriptural 36, 101, 234-38, 254, 368 Cataphrygians 354
celibacy 65-66, 283-86, 288-89, 295-96, 298-302, 304-6
Celsus 40, 123, See also Origen Chludov Psalter 346, 347 Christian Hebraism 257
"Christian Jews," 83, 84, 87, 210, 215, 217, 267, 270, 278
"Christian Judaism," 192, 271
404 Subject Index Christianity. See also Judaism and
Christianity.
- efforts to forge distinctions from
"Judaism" 77, 84-85, 86, 94, 129, 230, 268-69, 369-70
- geographical diversity of 144, 248, 374, 377-78
- negotiation of Jewish heritage 159, 202, 255, 261-62, 274, 229-33 -varieties of 88-89, 133-35 Christian-transmitted Jewish texts - so-called "apocrypha," 237-38 - so-called "pseudepigrapha," 134-36 Christmas, 263, 264
Chronicle ofArbela 374, 381 Chrysostom, John 6, 50-51, 60, 63,
96, 157, 256, 268, 274, 369, 371 circumcision 50, 90, 110, 209, 212,
221,261,298, 379 Claudius, census of 53 Clearchus of Soli 42
1 Clement 171, 172-73, 269-70, 280 Clement of Alexandria 174,177-78,
186, 236, 239, 255,287, 353 Clement of Rome 172-75, 177, 187,
198
Codex Theodosianus 38, 53, 27, 77 colonial mimicry 73, 109, 78 Constantine 61, 246, 320, 355, 362,
374-76, 386
contra Iudaeos tradition 37-38, 49, 60-62, 353, 361, 375, 378-88 - and "pagan" anti-Judaism 47 - rhetoric and reality in 38, 22, 58-61,
97-105, 384
conversion, converts 41-43, 47-50, 52-53, 55-56, 68, 117, 186, 248-49, 364, 381, 387, 392
Corinth 172-74
Cyprian 143, 172-73, 177, 186, 269, 280
Cyril of Jerusalem 6 Daniel, book of 110, 204, 376 Debate between Simon the Jew and
Theophilus the Christian 99 Decius 338
Delos 52 Demetrius 236
Diaspora, Jews in, 20, 43-44, 48, 49, 51-56, 91, 156
Diatesseron, 194. See also Tatian
Didascalia Apostolorum 6, 185, 193, 376, 382
Didymus the Blind 246 Dio Cassius 42, 46, 167 Diocletian 56
Diogenes Laertius 166, 167
Dionysius of Alexandria 176-77, 187—
88
Dionysius of Halicarnassus 237 Discourse on Priesthood 385, 387, 389 Dome of the Rock 384
Domitian 55 Dositheus 205
East Syrians 374, 382, 387
Easter 148, 158, 142, 230, 263, 273, 279, 281
Ebionites 92, 191, 193-94, 198-99, 226, 247, 267
Edessa 238
Egypt 50, 114, 111,210,290-91 Elijah (biblical figure) 284 Elisha (biblical figure) 284 Elisha ben Abuya 93 Elvira, Synod of 60, 266
Ember Days 263-64, 267, See also Fast of the Seventh Month.
1 Enoch 134,317,299 2 Enoch 134
3 Enoch 330-32
Ephrem 238, 255, 345, 351, 358 Epiphanius 194, 199-201, 207,
247-48, 346, 354-60 Epistle to Diognetus 352
Epistle to the Hebrews 11, 275, 278-79, 276, 385
Epistula Petri 190, 198, 241. See also Pseudo-Clementines.
2 Esdras 135
Essenes 89, 183, 349, 353, 356 Esther, book of 235
Eupolemus 166, 178, 236 Euripedes 43
Eusebius of Caesarea 58, 125, 146, 148-49, 155, 157, 173, 177-78, 187-88, 194, 236-37, 245, 247, 255, 256, 348-50, 354-55, 358-59, 373 Exodus, book of 215, 219, 253, 276,
278, 279, 334, 341
- exegesis of 251, 290-92, 294, 299, 301-104,329
- LXX 12,54,244-245
Subject Index 405 exodus of Israel from Egypt 271-72,
290
Exodus Rabbah 303
Ezra-Nehemiah (1 Esdras) 235, 298 4 Ezra 138,211
5 and 6 Ezra 136, 138, 139, 141 Fast of the Seventh Month 259-67,
269-72, 274-81
fasting 262,264,266-67,271-72, 275, 299, 333, 392
Filastrius of Brescia 351 fourth century, as critical era for
Jewish and Christian self-definition 12, 17, 22, 66, 44, 87, 94, 204, 226-29
Franks 62
Gaius Julius Philippus 148 Galen 315,353
Galilee 80, 114, 115, 205
Genesis 51, 55, 27, 95, 105, 209, 253, 317, 319, 326, 336
Genesis Rabbah (Bereshit Rabbah) 230, 318, 326, 338
"Gentile Christianity," 4, 5, 35, 56, 92, 200, 201,203,231,366, 369 Gentiles
- and "Jewish" observances 42, 18, 54, 60, 221, 230, 262, 268-70, 280-81 - attraction to Judaism 47, 50-52, 384 - Christian missions to 52-53, 111,
193, 206, 208
- Jewish missions to 43, 49-52, 225 - Jewish perceptions of 54-55, 92, 370 - perceptions of Jews and Judaism
37-42
-salvation of 141-42,111,215-19, 222-23, 225
Geonic period 181,321,292 Germanicus 151
God-fearers 49, 51, 219-20, 223, 230, 381
Golden Calf 208, 275
Gospel of John 5, 95, 96, 71, 152 Gospel of Luke 152, 166, 173, 215,
281, 310
Gospel of Mark 206,261,248 Gospel of Matthew 15, 132, 140, 148,
166, 194, 275, 299, 301, 310, 355, 372
- and "Jewish Christians," 206, 174, 215-17, 274
- on Pharisees, 50, 25, 207
Gospel of the Twelve Apostles, 384 gospels
-canonical 37, 28, 150, 310 - "Jewish-Christian" 194 Gregory of Nazianzus 347 hairesis 350, 354-55, 327
halakhah 45, 84, 100, 137, 142, 151, 158-59, 197, 210, 285, 302, 311, 316, 320-22, 367
heavenly ascent 136-38, 308, 282, 322-23, 328-29, 331, 335 Hebraica Veritas 242, 249, 217, 2 5 2
-54, 257
Hegesippus 173-75, 178, 194, 203, 348, 356
Hekhalot literature 322-23, 328-29, 297, 331, 333, 338
Hekhalot Rabbati 328, 332 Heliodorus 317
Hellenismos 67, 68
Hellenistic Jews 41-43, 60, 236-39 Hemerobaptists 349, 356
Heracleon 201
heresiology 37, 85, 180-86, 187, 189, 192-94, 198-99, 231, 351-52, 355, 357, 360
"heresy" 59,92,97, 172, 180, 184, 186, 202, 231, 345^16, 348-51, 353-55, 357, 359, 367-68, 386. See also haireses', minut.
Hermippus of Smyrna 42 Herod 45, 91, 122 Herodians 356
Hexapla 238,240-41,245^16,248, 251, 253, See also Origen
Hillel 91, 161, 162-63, 165-66, 169, 305, 370
Hippolytus 143, 174, 266, 353, 356-57 Holocaust 7, 11, 100, 101
Homer 238, 358 Honorius (emperor) 53 hybridity 6 7 , 7 5 , 7 5 Hephtzibah 341 Iberia 63
iconoclastic controversies 342^-4, 346, 347, 365
idolatry 208-10, 218-19, 223, 342, 356
Ignatius 2, 72, 136, 151, 154 ihidaye, ihiddyutha 285, 296-99 Innocentius of Tortona 352 loudaios, Ioudaioi 45, 33, 96
406
Subject Index loudaismos 67-71Irenaeus of Lyons 19,174-78, 177, 177, 184, 186, 193-94, 199, 209, 234-35, 239, 246, 247, 269, 348^19 Isidore of Seville 62, 253
Islam 53, 71, 231, 233, 261, 346^17, 360-61, 362-67, 371-72, 386, 391 Iuxta Hebraeos 245, 249, 251-53, 255 James (apostle) 198-99, 204, 223 Jerome 21, 83, 84, 92, 112-14, 117,
236, 246-56, 315, 317, 351 Jerusalem 68, 239, 330, 367 - apocalyptic speculation about 385 - as Aelia Capitolina 35, 179 - Muslim occupation of 385 - Sassanian invasion of 116-17,352 Jerusalem Church 4,5, 192, 198-201,
204, 206, 223,231,363
Jerusalem Temple 35, 45, 48-49, 53, 184, 205, 209-10, 320, 382 - destruction of 4, 18, 98, 151, 385 - hopes for rebuilding of 380, 353 Jesus 7, 12, 13, 35, 59, 79-80, 91, 96,
98, 114-15, 150-51, 155, 175, 190, 196, 199, 209, 215, 225, 228, 235, 276, 278, 299, 309, 311, 386 - and Moses 214-19
- Jewish traditions about 312, 331, 366, 370-71
Jesus Movement 4, 5, 14-15, 18, 52-53,71,200,213-14, 235,367 Jesus-belief and Jewish identity 74,
84, 58, 133, 136, 139, 147, 152, 158, 159, 190, 206, 269, 371-72
"Jew" and "Christian,"
- assertions of difference 77, 84-85, 86, 94, 129, 230, 268-69, 369-70 - overlaps and fuzzy boundaries
between 132, 138^11, 144, 203-4, 226-33, 269
- problems in defining and labeling 82-84, 90-93, 120, 128, 134, 151-52, 203, 273
Jewish-Christian relations 3, 8, 9, 16, 17, 22, 60, 96-97, 65, 101-4, 106-7, 109, 114-18, 197, 226, 228, 353, 374, 383, 393
"Jewish Christianity" 4, 5, 6, 80, 102, 137, 190-202, 204, 206, 208-9, 213, 217, 223-28, 230, 270, 361, 364-66, 370-71
"Jewish Christians" 57, 115, 94, 184, 194, 203, 205, 218, 231, 269, 271, 297, 362-72
Jews and Christians
- contacts between 58-59, 40, 102, 109-13, 118, 130, 159, 227, 232, 234, 262, 277-78, 280, 371 - competition between 48—49, 242,
278, 351, 361, 384
- as participants in shared cultural contexts 180, 156, 309-11, 343^14, 388-93
- debates between 102,266,388-92 John (apostle) 147
John of Damascus 346, 355 John of Fenek 387 John of Patmos 150
John the Baptist 96, 205-7, 210, 214 Joseph (biblical figure) 46, 325 Joseph and Asenath 336
Josephus 50, 91, 166, 178, 236-37, 240, 257, 310, 353, 382
Joshua (biblical figure) 284 Jubilees 133,208 Judaism
- emergence as "religion" 74-78, 47, 84-85, 87, 94
- diversity in Late Antiquity 5, 88, 94 - diversity in Second Temple period
14-15, 88-89 Judaism and Christianity
- anachronism of modern concepts of 38-39, 32, 70-84, 89-92, 120, 132-36, 138, 142
- as part of a single semantic family 79-84
- continued convergences between 234, 256-58, 388-93
- emergence as distinct "religions"
74-78, 47, 84-85, 87, 94
- fluid nature of boundaries between 84-85, 203-4, 228-30
"Judaeo-Christianity" 79-80 Judaizers, Judaizing 3 , 6 , 4 1 ^ 3 , 5 1
-52, 60, 89, 127, 151, 157-58, 190, 228, 231, 246, 250, 267-68, 273-74, 278, 365, 369-71, 386
"Judeo-Christians" 268, 269, 241, 281 Judith, book of 235
Julia Severa 51
Julian the Apostate 252, 380
Subject Index
407
Julius Africanus 110-11, 236-37, 240 Justin Martyr 20, 58, 81, 84, 93, 99,
181, 193, 209, 211, 269, 349-50, 352-53
Juvenal 4 2 , 5 2 , 2 7 1 , 2 7 5 kalam 390-91
Kallah Rabbati 160 Karaites 180 Karka d-Ladan 381
kashrut (dietary laws) 45, 151, 190-91, 198, 209, 285, 302, 367 Laodicea 61
late Judaism. See Spatjudentum.
latreia 44, 52
Lent 263, 264, 235, 279 Letter of Aristeas 238 Liber Pontificalis 266, 270 Luke (evangelist) 204, 269-70 Maccabees, books of 48, 68, 235, 237 Macrobius 45
al-Mahdl (Abbasid caliph), 389
"magic," 51, 267, 289, 323, 391 Maimonides 163, 255
Mani 92,234
Manichaeans 89, 360, 390
Marcion 37, 38, 59, 74, 92, 193, 207, 217, 227, 234,. 269, 348, 353 Marcionites 59, 74, 193, 247, 268,
349, 354
Marcus Julius Alexander 90 Martin Luther 95
martyrdom 59, 74, 75, 139, 150-51, 154-57, 208, 281, 349, 376, 378-69, 381. See also persecution.
Martyrdom ofPionius 58, 151-52, 126 Martyrdom of Polycarp 58, 60, 145,
150, 152-59, See also Polycarp martyrological traditions 38,58, 113,
159, 308-13, 315, 319, 324-129, 334-44, 376, 378-82
Matthew (evangelist) 175 Megasthenes 42
Mekhilta 289,290,293 Melchites 386, 387 Melito of Sardis 235, 349 Menahem 312,341
Mesopotamia 284, 296, 362, 365, 374, 375, 376, 392
messianism 54, 80, 122, 214, 218, 231, 342, 371, 386
Metatron 313, 318, 322, 327-29, 331, 333, 339-40, 342
midrash 238, 288, 290-93, 294, 297, 300, 302, 304, 317
Midrash Tanhuma 182 Miltiades 349
minut, minim 4, 5, 102, 124, 128, 181, 182, 185, 195, 205, 207, 382 Miriam (biblical figure) 292-95 Mishnah 14, 163-64, 170, 182, 186,
276
-Pe'ah 164 - Yoma 245-75, 82 - Ta 'anit 282 -Megillah 235,275 - Hagigah 161,168-69 - Yevamot 305
-Sanhédrin 205 - 'Eduyot 164
- 'Avot 159-61, 163-71, 177-83, 186-89, 235, 238, 330
-Niddah 205,288,320 -Yadaim 164,235
monotheism 45-46, 110, 183, 218, 221 Montanism. See "New Prophecy."
Montanus 59, 92 Moschos 45, 69
Moses 45, 161, 164-65, 169, 197, 204, 206, 209-11, 213-18, 221-24, 230, 240, 253, 276, 283-96, 298-303, 305-6, 312, 328-33, 348-49, 356, 358-59
Mosul 238, 362, 389
al-Muqammis, Däwüd ibn Marwän 391
Muslims 62, 261, 375, 384, 386, 390-91
Nazarenes (Nazoreans, Nazoraeans) 83, 92, 191-93, 268, 353, 356, 370 Nazareth 55, 61, 114-15
Nestorians 361, 387
"New Prophecy" 59, 139, 143, 350 Nicaea, Council of 19, 228, 354 Nicetes 152, 154, 155
Nicholas of Lyre 255 Nisibis 238, 391 Nonnus of Nisibis 391 North Africa 173,281 Novatians 354
Numbers, book of 152, 156, 245, 253, 278-79, 286, 291-93, 304
Numbers Rabbah 318,339,340 Numenius of Apamea 40 Ocellus of Lucanus 42
408
Subject Index Old Latin (Vetus Latina) 249, 251-54Old Testament
- as Christian link to Judaism 235, 222, 261-62, 274
- as source of "bookish" influence 273, 275-77
- translation of. See Aquila; Hexapla;
Iuxta Hebraeos\ Jerome; Origen; Old Latin; Septuagint; Symmachus;
Theodotian; Vulgate.
Origen 3, 6, 21, 47, 58, 109-12, 114, 117, 174, 177, 233, 235^16, 248, 250-51, 253-57, 268, 355
"Parting of the Ways" 7 - 1 2 , 1 5 - critiques of 2-3, 5-7, 15-24, 38,
61-63, 77, 87, 203-4, 225-27, 261, 268-69, 281, 366-72, 375, 388, 393 - from different perspectives 123-31 - traditional view of 1-2, 4-5, 35-36, 123-24, 192-93, 261-62, 281, 367, 374
Pastoral Epistles 136, 174
Paul (apostle) 4, 12, 13, 44, 50, 53, 54, 55, 69, 91, 133, 151, 174, 185, 192,
193, 199-200, 208, 212, 217, 225, 231, 269, 362, 367-68, 371 Paul of Telia 242,246 Paulians 354
Pauline Epistles 199, 296 - R o m 41, 19, 55, 281 Pentecost 263, 264
persecution 39, 56-59, 83, 139, 146-47, 151-59, 238, 252, 375-81 Persian Empire. See Sassanian Empire.
Pesah (Passover) 158,230,240,281 Peshitta 238, 242, 246, 269
Peter (apostle) 198-200, 203-6, 213 Pharisees 4, 37, 83, 89, 92, 183,
206-7, 222, 349, 353, 356 Philip the Arab 339 Philip the Trallian 147, 148
Philo of Alexandria 42, 46, 50, 54, 90-91, 236-37, 256, 286-90, 301, 304, 353
Philostorgius 46
Philostratus 167,309,310 Piacenza Pilgrim 114-17 Plato, Platonists 287, 323 Pliny the Younger 57
Polycarp 145-49, 151, 348. See also Martyrdom of Polycarp.
Porphyry 40, 389
postcolonial criticism 66, 74-78, 97, 106-9, 111, 118
prophecy 136-38, 143, 249, 267, 283, 292-93, 296, 299, 303
Pseudo-Clementine literature 198-203, 225, 227-33, 369
Pseudo-Methodius, Apocalypse of 384 Purim 51, 148, 203
Pythagoreans 354, 357
qaddishutha 284-86, 297-300, 301-5 Quartodecimanism 158, 230
R. Abbahu 334-35 R. Eliezer ha-Kappar 187
R. Gamaliel 4, 160-63, 169, 171, 206, 211, 327
R. Ishmael 307-14,316,318,320-29, 331-40, 342
R.Joshua 290
R. Judah ha-Nasi 160-62, 163, 165, 169, 171, 186-88
R. Nehuniah ben ha-Qanah 320, 321 R. Simeon ben Gamaliel 326-27, 336 R. Tarfon 162
R. Yehuda ben Batira 303-4 R. Yohanan bar Nappaha 313, 334,
335
R. Yohanan ben Zakkai 161, 162, 169-70
rabbinic movement 45, 54-55, 92, 142 - and late antique Judaism 88, 95, 203 - attitudes towards Gentiles 54-55 - attitudes towards non-rabbinic Jews
127, 96, 185-86
- comparisons with early Christianity 66, 73-74, 87, 160, 180-87, 227 - construction of "orthodoxy" and assertion of authority by 73-74, 165-66, 168-69, 171-72, 187 - contacts with Jewish and Gentile
Christians 207, 191, 230, 249, 284, 286, 296-97, 371
- early history of 19-20, 184-85 - impact of Christianity on 66, 72-74 - social structures of 171, 186-87 - Torah study in 169, 138, 305-106
Subject Index
409
"religion," 66, 71-72 - and ethnicity, 39^10, 35
- as embedded in ancient cultures, 39-40, 53-54, 70-71
- disembedding of, 71-72
- in ancient Mediterranean urban life, 43-45, 50-51, 60
Revelation, book of 62, 132, 136-39, 141, 150, 158
ritual practice
- as boundary-marker 262, 268-69, 274-75
- Gentile participation in Jewish 50-52, 20, 60, 221, 230, 262, 268-70, 280-81
- of earliest Christians 268-70, 280-81
ritual purity 45, 133, 135-36, 138-39, 143, 158, 190, 198, 213, 223-125, 231, 266, 300, 312, 315-16, 319-24, 330, 333-35
Roman Empire 10, 18, 19, 22, 97, 106, 109-112, 166, 172, 226, 229, 231, 352, 359, 373, 378, 382, 387 - Christianization of 4, 61-63, 72-74,
106, 229, 374
Roman Palestine 15, 109-18, 157, 132, 167, 184, 200, 228, 234, 241, 243, 250, 254,312, 320, 341 Rome (city) 176,231-32,263,265,
270-72, 277
Rosh ha-Shanah 264, 276,
Rufinus 113, 197, 221, 224, 230, 249, 250, 251
Sadducees 37, 89, 168, 180, 183, 205-6, 349, 353, 356
Salome 45
Samaritans 89, 205, 349, 356 Samson 309,310,323
Sas[s]anian Empire 116-17, 238, 253, 302, 375-76,381,385-88
Scillitan martyrs 57 Seder Eliahu Zuta 159 Sefer Zerubbabel 341 Seleucia-Ctesiphon 381 self-definition
- Jewish and Christian 226-27, 339 - Hellenistic Jewish 41
- Jewish, of certain Christ-believers 132-35, 138, 189
(self-definition)
- proto-orthodox/orthodox Christian 37, 233-34, 361
-rabbinic 72-73, 87, 128, 184-87 Seneca 40
Septuagint 46, 54, 59, 238, 239-46, 248^19, 251-54
Sextus Empiricus 169
sexual ethics 283-87, 291-94, 297, 299-301, 303-7
Shabbat (Sabbath) 47, 52, 58, 60, 147, 152, 157, 180, 266, 270-71, 282, 284, 298, 301, 320
- "Great Sabbath" 147,152,157 Shabbat Shuva 272, 277
Shammai 91, 161, 162, 163, 305 Shapur II 376,377,378,380 Shepherd ofHermas 270, 280 Sibylline Oracles 55
Sifre 165, 290-97, 299, 3 0 1 ^ , 306 Simeon bar Sabba'e 377, 380-81 Simeon ha-Zaddik (high priest) 161,
163, 168
Simon Magus 205, 357 Siricius I (pope) 266
Smyrna 58-59, 145^16, 150-51, 156, 348
Song of Songs 110,234,355 Song of Songs Rabbah 326 Sophocles 43
Sophronius 116 Spain 266,277,386
Spatjudentum (late Judaism) 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 98, 190
St. Sylvester 352 Stoics 353,356 Strabo 48
Strategios (Christian monk) 116-18 Sukkot 264,271,275-76,282 Sulpicius Severus 72
supersessionism 7-8, 97-100, 126, 157, 194, 211, 214, 231, 278 Susanna, book of 110
Symmachus 239,241,247,251-52 synagogues 48^19, 5051, 58, l l S
-l -l ó , 157, 159, 250, 265, 277-78, 320-121, 370, 372, 378, 380, 384 Syria 144, 200, 195, 280, 368 Syrohexapla 242, 243, 246 Tacitus 4 0 , 4 1 , 4 2 , 7 2
410 Subject Index Talmud Bavli (Babylonian Talmud)
91, 161, 182, 337, 382 -Berakhot 5, 308, 318, 325, 337 - Shabbat 163, 273, 302, 304-5, 328,
329, 330 - 'Eruvin 318, 325 -Pesahim 318,325 - Yoma 277,281 - Rosh ha-Shanah 282 - Ta'anit 220, 325 - Megillah 250,277 - Hagigah 93,330,340 - Yevamot 220, 302, 305 -Ketubbot 325 - Gittin 308, 335 - Qiddushin 220,325 -BavaMesi'a 318,335
Talmud Yerushalmi (Palestinian Talmud), 229, 382
-Berakhot 325,341
Talmudim 14, 83, 161, 244, 321, 382 tannaitic period 19, 160, 163-65,
168-70, 181, 184-88, 234, 290, 295-97 Tatian 194, 235, 294, 296, 349, 358 Temple. See Jerusalem Temple.
Tertullian 38, 51, 57, 93, 175-77, 187, 266, 268-69, 349, 353
Testament of Abraham 133 Testament of Isaac 134
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs 133, 135, 140-42, 316
The Story of the Ten Martyrs 307, 311-14, 323-26, 328, 332, 336, 338, 3 3 9 ^ 2
Theodore of Mopsuestia 246
Theodoret of Cyrrhus 357 Theodosius II 36, 62, 314
Theodotion 239,241,244,245,246, 249, 252
Theophrastus 42
Tiberius Julius Alexander 90 Timothy I 375, 389
Tobit, book of 55, 141, 235, 237 Toledot Yeshu 311,370,371 Torah 5, 55, 275, 348
- and rabbinic authority 166, 137, 183, 188
- in Pseudo-Clementine literature 199, 209-10, 213-19
- observance by Christ-believers 133, 135-36, 139—41, 143, 147, 158, 190, 198, 210, 221, 225, 230, 269, 367-69, 371
- Oral and Written 166, 174 - rabbinic chain of transmission of
162-65, 168-69
- revelation to Moses at Mt. Sinai 162, 132, 168, 305, 329-130
Tosefta 230 - Hallah 308 -Megillah 275 - Yevamot 305 - Sanhedrin 213 - 'Avodah Zarah 213 - Horayot 335
"two-ways" soteriology 214-19, 368 Valentinus, Valentinians 27, 83, 92,
193, 349, 354 Valerius Maximus 55 Visigoths 62
Vulgate 249,253-55,336
"Wave Theory" 74-76, 84-85, 88, 146 Wisdom of ben Sira 166, 235, 238-39 Wisdom of Solomon 235
Yavneh (Jabne) 4, 5, 11, 183 Yom Kippur 261, 263-66, 268-69,
272-73, 275-81 Zeno of Verona 351
Zipporah (biblical figure) 283, 285, 287, 290-94, 305
Zoroastrians 375