Subsequently, this algorithm will be shown by means of some - possibly ambiguous - German sentences that have to be translated into Esperanto.
7.5.1 An Ambiguous Sentence with (a) Transitive Verb(s)
For the first example, a sentence with one surface structure, but two deep structures will be taken: Reiche Studenten meinen Wein. The sentence has already been parsed and yields the following structures:
sentencerecord[l] and sentencerecord[2]
Reiche Studenten meinen Wein. (Du) Reiche Studenten meinen Wein.
ADJ N V N (PersPron) V N DET N NP, VP (NP,) V NP, NP.
(NP,) VP
Hence, each of these source language sentence is stored in a sentencerecord, and both sentence records in turn are entered in the structure possiblesentences, which now contains these two sentencerecords. Since there are no other lexical ambiguities, the sentencerecords contain one sentence each, and the number of possible sentences (sentnum) equals two.
The sentence pattern(s) of the source language has to be determined and stored in the variable word pattern. With the first possible sentence, this word pattern equals '3a', since this sentence
8. parolas pri vito.
Next, the noun phrase in the nominative is added, in this case Ri^caj studentoj, and each sentence is entered in the datastructure translatedsentence. Thus, the possible Esperanto translations of the first possible German sentence are:
1. Ri^caj studentoj volas vinon.
2. Ri^caj studentoj volas viton.
3. Ri^caj studentoj pensas pri vino.
4. Ri^caj studentojpensaspri vito.
5. Ri^caj studentoj volas diri vinon.
6. Ri^caj studentoj volas diri viton.
1. Ri^caj studentoj parolas pri vino.
8. Ri^caj studentoj parolas pri vito.
All these sentences are stored in the data structure translatedsentence, and this data structure in turn is stored at the first position of the data structure possibletranslations
Next, the second possible German sentence has to be considered. In this case, Reiche is the main verb in the imperative in the singular. The virtual noun phrase in the nominative here is Du. It is virtual because it is taken as the noun phrase in the nominative for the program, but it is never printed out. This verb is a double transitive verb requiring a direct and an indirect object, the indirect object in the dative. This corresponds to pattern 3f. Studenten constitutes the indirect object in the dative, and meinen Wein the direct object. The latter noun phrase consists of a possessive pronoun as a determiner and a noun in the singular. The indirect object consists of a noun in the plural. The possible translations of reichen as a transitive verb are doni andprezenti. Both Esperanto verbs require a direct and an indirect object, the latter in the dative, as in German. Thus the same word pattern can be taken. Studenten has to be translated as al studentoj, and meinen Wein can be translated as mian vinon, if the beverage is meant, or vian viton, if the plant is referred to. The algorithm yields the following possible translations stored in possibleverbphrases: translatedsentence:
1. donu al studentoj mian vinon.
Furthermore, it is also possible to translate ist interessant as an intransitive verb with the valence 1, i. e. with the Esperanto interesi^gas. This often happens in Esperanto. Thus,
interesi^as becomes the second possible verb phrase. Interesi^gas only requires a noun phrase in the nominative, therefore it has the valence 1. With this verb phrase, a pattern 1 sentence is formed. Both verb phrases are stored in possibleverbphrases:
1. estas interesa.
2. interesi^gas.
The noun phrase in the nominative is added, and both sentences are stored in the data structure translatedsentence:
3. Matematika lingvistiko estas interesa.
4. Matematika lingvistiko interesi^gas.
7.5.3 Verb with Impersonal Subject
If the German sentence Es regnet, has to be translated into Esperanto, first the sentence is parsed. On parsing, an impersonal subject and an intransitive verb with the valence 1 are found. The sentence is a pattern 1 sentence, therefore, the source pattern (sourcepattern) is ' 1' in German. These are stored into the data structure possiblesentences. The sentence is unambiguous, which means that the verb and the noun phrase in the nominative can be looked up in the target language regnet means Pluvas in Esperanto, and this verb has the valence 0.
Therefore, the pattern of the target sentence (targetpattern) is '0'. This means that this verb does not require a subject. German pattern 1 verbs can be translated by pattern 0 sentences.
For this reason, the German impersonal subject is not translated in Esperanto.
Translatedsentence therefore contains Pluvas.
VET N ADJ V ^ NP4
ADJ
The sentence still consists of a noun phrase in the nominative, a verb, and a direct object. The direct object in turn consists of a determiner, the „adjective", which is a relative clause in this case, and the noun. With the relative pronoun and the additional verb a relative sentence can be recognised by the program. The adjective is marked as a subordinate clause, where the first element, the relative pronoun, if there is one, is stored as first element for the sentence buffer of the subordinate clause. (If there is no relative pronoun, which may happen in English sentences, this position remains empty.) This relative sentence is first treated as a sentence of its own, in this case a sentence like "The book is interesting.", a perfect pattern 2c sentence, which is parsed and translated and stored as ADJ in the main clause. Of course, the relative sentence may also refer to other parts of the sentence. Consider the pattern 2c sentence "The book that she is reading is interesting." (or "The book she is reading is interesting.")
VET N ÄDJ V ^
PER
ADJ
REL
Here, the sentence consists of a subject or a noun phrase in the nominative, a linking verb and an "adjective", which is a relative clause here. The sentence is parsed and the subordinate clause is treated like a sentence component, in this case an adjective, first, but it is marked as a subordinate clause. The first element is stored in the position of the adjective. (It stays empty,