6. FILTERING CRITERIA
6.3. ASSESS THAT CANDIDATE LIST INCLUDES BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS OR
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME KBBE-2008-1-2-01
Development of appropriate indicators of the relationship between organic/low-input farming and biodiversity
www.biobio-indicator.org
MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC USE AND ARE EASY TO
UNDERSTAND
The reviewed indicators that had been ranked with an average of > 2 out of 3 stars and been accepted following further application of summary stakeholder requirements and estimated effort for collection (section 6.1) had been summarised in Fact Sheets for the SAB to review. These were for 10 of 16 genetic, 11 of 36 species, 15 of 58 habitat and 12 of 22 indirect indicators (TABLES 6.8 and 6.9).
TABLE 6.8. DIRECT INDICATORS PRESENTED TO the Stakeholder Advisory Board (SAB) FOR SCRUTINY
A. Genetic diversity indicators Animal husbandry:
A1) number and amount of different breeds per species
A2) information on breeding practices ("on-farm" bull, artificial insemination,...) A3) where available: pedigree of the herd Arable crops, legumes and trees A4) number and amount of different cultivars / landraces / accessions per species (CultDiv)
A5) information on the origin of cultivars / landraces / accessions (CropPedDiv) A6) information on seed propagation practices (on farm multiplication, sharing with neighbours etc)
A7) where possible: description of the cultivars based on IPGRI descriptors (through the farmer)
A8) where available: pedigree information on the cultivars grown
Grassland species
A9) where available number and amount of different cultivars
A10) information on seed propagation practices and amount of re-seeding
B. Species diversity indicators B1) Flowering plants of cultivated forage and food crops
B2) Flowering plants of semi-natural habitats
B3) Lepidoptera – butterflies B4) Earthworms
B5) Hymenoptera – ants B6) Bird species richness B7) Small mammals B8) Araneae –spiders
B9) Hymenoptera, bees and wasps
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME KBBE-2008-1-2-01
Development of appropriate indicators of the relationship between organic/low-input farming and biodiversity
www.biobio-indicator.org
B10) Carabid beetles
B11) Diptera, syrphidae, hoverflies C. Habitat diversity indicators C1) Habitat density
C2) Habitat richness C3) Habitat diversity
C4) Number of crops in rotation C5) Percentage area of arable land C6) Percentage area of permanent grassland
C7) Percent of tree cover C8) Cover of shrub layer
C9) Availability of nitrogen, humidity, etc.
(Ellenberg values) C10) Weeds in crops
C11) Cover of flowering plants: flowers of different colours
C12) Vegetation composition: share of valuable habitats
C13) Hedgerows; grassy strips between fields; streams, rivers and lakes; stone walls, terrace walls
C14) Multispecies grassland swards C15) Grassland quality
TABLE 6.9. CANDIDATE FARM MANAGEMENT INDICATORS (adapted after SABII Meeting, Brussels, 2 Nov 2009)
Code
Factshe
et Candidate Indicator Unit of measurement Comments D1 DivEnt
Diversity of Enterprises
Number and relative land area of enterprises at the farm level
N-Balance) kg nitrogen per ha
"input" or "balance" t.b.
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME KBBE-2008-1-2-01
Development of appropriate indicators of the relationship between organic/low-input farming and biodiversity
www.biobio-indicator.org
Area of UAA without or with reduced use of chemical
D12 GrazInt Grazing Intensity Frequency and intensity D13
Productivity (cereal,
milk or meat) Tonnes per ha or per LU per year D14 Irrigation Practiced yes/no Indicators to be derived from Candidate Indicators
(B1)
Undersowing Percentage of crop rotation (D11) Mowing
Number and relative land area of crops at the farm level
= Crops in the rotation and their
percentage comprehensive interpretation of the (direct) biodiversity measurements. They will therefore be complemented by background information (TABLE 6.10).
TABLE 6.10. SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR FARM QUESTIONNAIRES (to be expanded based on requirements for data analysis)
Parameter Unit of measurement Comments
Location of farm GIS data
Climate
MAT (mean annual temperature), MAP (mean annual precipitation)
Soils
typical soil unit for farm
(on plot level more data
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME KBBE-2008-1-2-01
Development of appropriate indicators of the relationship between organic/low-input farming and biodiversity
www.biobio-indicator.org
Average field size Ha Feeding system
Farm ownership FADN/FSS classification
Share of income from agriculture e.g., full time, part time, … FADN/FSS classification
Types of marketing
trader, retailer, farmers' cooperative, processing on the farm, direct marketing (farmers'
market, farm store, other…) etc. FADN/FSS classification
Attitude of farmer/ farm family
towards role of farmers in society, importance of biodiversity conservation, role of farms in
conservation
The SAB review provided the Project Co-ordination Committee with recommendations for indicators to take forward for evaluation in the WP 3 Case Studies during 2010. The aim was to considerably reduce the number of indicators from 57 but also to retain:
• Scientific rigour and credibility
• Coverage of different spatial scales
• Represent Ecosystem Services
• Potential for cross-validation (e.g., farm management vs species or habitat indicators).
It was also necessary to recognise the differential times from data collection to indicator calculation and presentation for different types of measurement. The selected indicators are chosen as sensitive to year to year changes in farming systems. However, data for some indicators will have a time lag before analysis and reporting:
• Interview and direct observations (3 – 6 months)
• Field removal of samples (6 – 12 months)
• FADN/FSS data (at least two years old).
The final selection must also take into account the need to reflect the broadest possible aspects of spatial scale and trophic level with interactions with farmland habitats (FIG.
6.1).
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME KBBE-2008-1-2-01
Development of appropriate indicators of the relationship between organic/low-input farming and biodiversity
www.biobio-indicator.org
FIGURE 6.1. CANDIDATE INDICATORS (SPECIES GROUPS), HABITATS, SCALES OF INDICATION AND FUNCTION (FOOD CHAIN)
TABLE 6.11 lists the indicators which will be carried forward for field testing in 12 European case study areas in 2010, followingthe deliberatins of the SAB and the subsequent decisions by the Project Coordination Committee (Bruxelles, October 2009).
For details on the SAB workshop see the respective report and Deliverable D.7.1.
TABLE 6.11. CANDIDATE BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR EVALUATION IN 12 CASE STUDY REGIONS IN 2010.
A. Genetic diversity indicators Animal husbandry:
A1) Number and amount of different breeds per species (Breeds)
A2) Information on breeding practices ("on-farm" bull, artificial insemination,...) (Liveprac)
A3) Where available, pedigree of the herd (LivePedi)
Arable crops, legumes and trees A4 + A5) Number, amount and origin of different cultivars / landraces / accessions per species (CultDiv)
A6) Information on seed propagation practices (on farm multiplication, sharing with neighbours, etc) (seedmulti) A7) Where possible, description of the
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME KBBE-2008-1-2-01
Development of appropriate indicators of the relationship between organic/low-input farming and biodiversity
www.biobio-indicator.org
cultivars based on IPGRI descriptors (through the farmer) (CropCuPheDiv) A8) Where available, pedigree information on the cultivars grown (CropPedDiv) Grassland species
A9) Where available, number and amount of different cultivars (GrassGenDiv) A10) Information on seed propagation practices and amount of re-seeding (ReSeed)
B. Species diversity indicators B2) Flowering plants of semi-natural habitats
B4) Earthworms
B6) Bird species richness (candidate without field validation)
B8) Araneae –spiders
B9) Hymenoptera, bees and wasps C. Habitat diversity indicators C1) Habitat Patch density (HabDensity)
C2) Habitat richness
C3) Habitat diversity (HabDiv) C4) Number of crops in rotation (CropRot)
C5) Percentage area of arable land (ArableArea)
C6) Percentage area of permanent grassland (GrassArea)
C7) Percent of tree cover (Tree) C8) Cover of shrub layer (Schrub) C9) Availability of nitrogen, pH, moisture as Ellenberg values (Ellenberg)
C10) Weeds in crops (Weed)
C11) Cover of flowering plants: flowers of different colours (Quality)
C12) Vegetation composition: share of valuable habitats (ValueHab)
C13) Linear elements: hedgerows, grassy strips between fields, streams, rivers and lakes, stone walls and terrace walls (Linear) C14) Multispecies grassland swards
(Multigrass)
C15) Grassland quality (GrassQ) D. Farm management indicators D1) Diversity of enterprises at the farm
(DivEnt)
D2) Average stocking rates (grazing livestock units ha-1) on farm (AvStock) D3) Area of land without use of mineral-based fertilisers (Minfert)
D4) N input (NitroIn)
D5) Input or Direct and Indirect Energy
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME KBBE-2008-1-2-01
Development of appropriate indicators of the relationship between organic/low-input farming and biodiversity
www.biobio-indicator.org
for crop production (Enerln) D6) Certified as Organic (CertOrg) D7) IRENA Indicator 1: area under agri-environment support (AgrEnv)
D8) IRENA Indicator 15:
intensification/extensification (IntExt) D9) Pesticide Use – Treatment Frequency Indicator (PestUse-TFI)
D10) Area of land without or with reduced use of chemical pesticides (PestUse-Area) D11) Frequency and timing of field
operations (FieldOp)
D12) Frequency and intensity of livestock grazing (GrazInt)
D13) Productivity (cereal, milk or meat) D14) Irrigation (practiced or not?) 7. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES
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Development of appropriate indicators of the relationship between organic/low-input farming and biodiversity
www.biobio-indicator.org 8. REFERENCES
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www.biobio-indicator.org
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www.biobio-indicator.org
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