• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

School facility is impacted and cannot avoid significant lost school curriculum. OR while informal schooling may be 10

available, it is unplanned or inconvenient and leads to significant lost school curriculum

D: No schooling facility. OR school prone to damage rendering it in-operational during flood. OR school not accessible during flood for either teachers or students.

15

References

Alinovi, L., Mane, E. & Romano, D. (2009) Measuring Household Resilience to Food Insecurity: Application to Palestinian

Households, EC-FAO Food Security Programme, Working Paper.

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.175.7411&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

20

Bahadur, A., Peters, K., Wilkinson, E., Pichon, F., Gray, K. and Tanner, T. (2015) The 3As: Tracking Resilience Across Braced, BRACED Knowledge Manager working paper.

Béné, C., Frankenberger, T. and Nelson, S. (2015) Design, Monitoring and Evaluation of Resilience Interventions:

Conceptual and Empirical Considerations. IDS Working Paper, Issue 459.

25

Béné, C., Godfrey Wood, R., Newsham, A. and Davies, M. (2012) Resilience: new utopia or new tyranny? Reflection about the potentials and limits of the concept of resilience in relation to vulnerability reduction programmes. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.

Bruneau, M. (2006) Enhancing the Resilience of Communities Against Extreme Events from an Earthquake Engineering 5

Perspective, Journal of Security Education 1:4, 159-167, DOI: 10.1300/J460v01n04_14

Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Anderies, J. M. and Abel, N. (2001) ‘From Metaphor to Measurement: Resilience of What to What?’, Ecosystems 4: 765-781.

10

Carpenter, S., Westley, F. and Turner, M. (2005) ‘Surrogates for Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems’, Ecosystems 8:

941-944.

Cimellaro, G., Reinhyorn, A. and Bruneau, M. (2010) ‘Seismic resilience of a hospital system’, Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 6(1-2), 127–144.

15

Constas, M., and Barrett, C. B. (2013) Principles of Resilience Measurement for Food Insecurity: Metrics, Mechanisms, and Implementation Plans, presented at Expert Consultation on Resilience Measurement Related to Food Security sponsored by Food and Agricultural Organization and World Food Programme, Rome, February 19–21.

20

Constas, M., Frankenberger, T. and Hoddinott, J. (2014) Resilience Measurement Principles: Toward an Agenda for Measurement Design. Resilience Measurement Technical Working Group Technical Series 1. Rome: Food Security Information Network.

Cutter, S., Burton, C., and Emrich, C. (2010) ‘Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions’, Journal 25

of Homeland Security 7(1), DOI:10.2202/1547-7355.1732.

de Sherbinin, A., Reuben, A. Levy, M. & Johnson, L. (2013) How Environmental Indicators Are Being Used in Policy and Management Context, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Yale and Columbia Universities, New Haven and New York.

30

DFID (1999) Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets, Department of International Development, United Kingdom, http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0901/section2.pdf

DFID (2011) Defining Disaster Resilience: A DFID Approach Paper. DFID 2011. UK Department for International Development: London

Engle, N. (2011) ‘Adaptive capacity and its assessment’, Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions 21(2): 647–656.

5

Frankenberger, T. and Nelson, S. (2013) Background Paper for the Expert Consultation on Resilience Measurement for Food Security. Paper presented at Expert Consultation on Resilience Measurement Related to Food Security, Rome, February 19–

21.

10

Frankenberger, T., Constas, M. A., Nelson, S., and Starr, L. (2014) Resilience programing among nongovernmental organizations: Lessons for policy makers. Food Policy Report.

Heltberg, R., Hossain, N. & Reva, A. eds. (2012) Living Through Crises: How the Food, Fuel, and Financial Shocks Affect the Poor, World Bank, Washington D.C.

15

Holling, C. (2001) ‘Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Ecological, and Social Systems’, Ecosystems 4(5): 390-405.

IFRC (2011) Characteristics of a Safe and Resilient Community, Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Study, ARUP 20

International Development, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, http://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/96986/Final_Characteristics_Report.pdf

IFRC (2012) Understanding community resilience and program factors that strengthen them: A comprehensive study of Red Cross Red Crescent Societies tsunami operation, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, June 25

2012, https://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/96984/Final_Synthesis_Characteristics_Lessons_Tsunami.pdf

IFRC (2014) IFRC Framework for Community Resilience, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Documents/Secretariat/201501/1284000-Framework%20for%20Community%20Resilience-EN-LR.pdf

30

Keating, A., Campbell, K., Mechler, R., Magnuszewski, P., Mochizuki, J., Liu, W., Szoenyi, M. and McQuistan, C. (2016)

Keating, A., Campbell, K., Mechler, R., Michel-Kerjan, E., Mochizuki, J., Kunreuther, H., Bayer, J., Hanger, S., McCallum, I., See, L., Williges, K., Atreya, A., Botzen, W., Collier, B., Czajkowski, J., Hochrainer, S., Egan, C. (2014) Operationalizing Resilience Against Natural Disaster Risk: Opportunities, Barriers and A Way Forward, Zurich Flood

Resilience Alliance, 5

http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/risk/library/zurichfloodresiliencealliance_ResilienceWhitePaper_2014.pdf

Kellett, J. & Caravani, A. (2013) Financing disaster risk reduction: A 20-year story of international aid, ODI and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery at the World Bank, London / Washington.

10

Knutsson, P. and Ostwalk, M. (2006) ‘A process-oriented sustainable livelihoods approach – A tool for increased understanding of vulnerability, adaptation and resilience’, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, DOI:

10.1007/s11027-006-4421-9.

Levine, S. (2014) Assessing Resilience: Why Quantification Misses the Point. Humanitarian Policy Group Working Paper, 15

ODI.

MCEER (2007) Engineering resilience solutions from earthquake engineering to extreme events. Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, USA.

20

Mechler, R. (2016) ‘Reviewing estimates of the economic efficiency of disaster risk management: opportunities and limitations of using risk-based cost–benefit analysis’, Natural Hazards. pp. 1-27.

Mitchell, A. (2013) Risk and Resilience: From Good Idea to Good Practice—A Scoping Study for the Experts Group on Risk and Resilience. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

25

National Research Council (NRC) (2012) Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

Nelson, D., Adger, W. and Brown, K. (2007) ‘Adaptation to environmental change: contributions of a resilience framework’, 30

Annual Review of Environment and Resources 32:395-419.

Oddsdottir, F., Lucas, B., and Combaz, É. (2013) Measuring Disaster Resilience, GSDRC Helpdesk Research Report 1045, GSDRC, University of Birmingham, UK.

OECD (2014) Guidelines for Resilience Systems Analysis. How to analyze risk and build a roadmap to resilience.

Ostadtaghizadeh, A., Ardalan, A., Paton, D., Jabbari, H. and Khankeh, H.R. (2015) Community Disaster Resilience: a Systematic Review on Assessment Models and Tools. PLOS Currents Disasters, doi:

5

10.1371/currents.dis.f224ef8efbdfcf1d508dd0de4d8210ed.

Oxfam GB (2013) A Multidimensional Approach for Measuring Resilience, Oxfam GB Working Paper.

Pasteur, K. (2011) From Vulnerability to Resilience, Practical Action Publishing, Rugby.

10

Resilience Capacity Index, (n.d.) Resilience Capacity Index, University of California, Berkeley, http://brr.berkeley.edu/rci/

Schipper, E. L. F. and Langston, L. (2015) A Comparative Overview of Resilience Measurement Frameworks: Analysing Indicators and Approaches. Overseas Development Institute Working Paper, Issue 422.

15

Schipper, L. and Pelling, M. (2006) ‘Disaster risk, climate change and international development: scope for, and challenges to, integration’, Disasters 30(1): 19-38.

Tol, R. and Yohe, G. (2007) ‘Infinite Uncertainty, Forgotten Feedbacks, and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Climate Change’, 20

Climate Change 83: 429-442.

Twigg, J. (2009) Characteristics of a Disaster Resilient Community, http://community.eldis.org/.59e907ee/Characteristics2EDITION.pdf

25

UNISDR (2009) Terminology http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology

UNISDR (2013) From Shared Risk to Shared Value –The Business Case for Disaster Risk Reduction, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva.

30

UNISDR (2015) Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction - Making Development Sustainable: The Future of Disaster Risk Management, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva,

USAID (2013) The Resilience Agenda: Measuring Resilience in USAID.

http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/Technical%20Note_Measuring%20Resilience%20in%20USAID_J une%202013.pdf

Vincent, K. (2007) ‘Uncertainty in adaptive capacity and the importance of scale’, Global Environmental Change 17(1): 12–

5 24.

Winderl, T. (2014) Disaster Resilience Measurements: Stocktaking of ongoing efforts in developing systems for measuring resilience. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

10

Figures

Figure 1: Conceptual framework of community resilience. Source: IFRC, 2012

Figure 2: Vulnerability to Resilience Framework. Source: Pasteur, 2011