3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Reagents
Standard chemicals and reagents were purchased from SIGMA, Merck and ROTH.
Name Supplier
Agarose, Electrophoreses Grade PEQLAB
Ammonium peroxodisulfate APS Merck
Ampicilline (aminobenzylpenicilline) ROTH
Bacto-Agar Becton
Bromphenol blue ROTH
BSA ROTH
Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1 Roche
3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydochloride DAB SIGMA
Diethylpyrocarbonate DEPC SIGMA
DNA ladder (1 kb) Fermentas
Ethidium bromide ROTH
Fluorescent mounting medium DAKO
Harris hematoxylin solution SIGMA
Human FGF-2 Natu Tec
JetPEI Polyplus 2-Mercaptoethanol SIGMA
Milk powder SIGMA
NaI125 Amersham Pharmacia
Ni-NTA sepharose QIAGEN
Normal goat serum Vector
Normal horse serum Vector
N,N,N',N',-Tetramethylethylendiamine TEMED SIGMA
peqGOLD TriFastTM PEQLAB
Prestained protein ladder, 10-180 kDa Fermentas
RotiPhorese® Gel 40 ROTH
Salmon sperm DNA SIGMA
Tryptone Becton
Tween 20 SIGMA
Yeast Extract Becton
Materials and Methods 34
3.1.2 Chemotherapeutic agents and phoshotyrosine kinase inhibitors
3.1.3 Kits and enzymes
3.1.4 Antibodies
Name Supplier Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit Molecular Probes
Anti-β-actin, mouse monoclonal SIGMA
Anti-bcl-2, mouse monoclonal DAKO
Anti-caspase-7, rabbit polyclonal Cell Signaling
Anti-caspase-3, rabbit polyclonal PharMingen International
Anti-ERGIC, mouse monoclonal H.-P. Hauri, Basel
Anti-FGF2, rabbit polyclonal Sigma
Anti-FGF-BP, mouse monoclonal R&D
Anti-GFP, rabbit polyclonal Clontech
Anti-p38, rabbit polyclonal Cell Signaling
Anti-p42/44, rabbit polyclonal Cell Signaling
Anti-SAPK/JNK, rabbit polyclonal Cell Signaling
Name Supplier Paclitaxel Pharmacy, Philipps-University Medical Center, Marburg Doxorubicin Pharmacy, Philipps-University Medical Center, Marburg Cisplatin Pharmacy, Philipps-University Medical Center, Marburg
rViscumin VISCUM, Bergisch-Gladbach
D-69491 Baxter, Frankfurt/Main
D-70166 Baxter, Frankfurt/Main
Name Supplier
QIAprep Mini-prep Kit QIAGEN
LumiGLO HRP Western blot kit Cell Signaling
NUCLEOBOND Midi-prep Kit Macherey-Nagel
10mM dNTP Mix Fermentas
Rediprime™ II random prime labeling system Amersham Pharmacia Restriction enzymes: EcoRI, XhoI, NotI, HindIII, and XbaI Fermentas
Ribonuclease Inhibitor Fermentas
Taq Polymerase Fermentas
T4 DNA Ligase supplied with 10x Ligation Buffer Fermentas Transcriptor Reverse Transcriptase supplied with 10x Reaction Buffer Roche
Materials and Methods 35
Anti-phospho p38, rabbit polyclonal Cell Signaling
Anti-phospho p42/p44, rabbit polyclonal Cell Signaling Anti-phospho SAPK/JNK, rabbit polyclonal Cell Signaling
Biotinylated horse anti-mouse IgG Vector
Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated donkey anti-mouse antibodies Amersham Pharmacia Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit antibodies Amersham Pharmacia
Texas Red-conjugated horse anti-mouse Vector
3.1.5 Oligonucleotides and primers
All oligonucleotides and primers were purchased from MWG BIOTECH, Germany.
Name Sequence FGF-BP_1_f 5'-GGGAATTCATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' FGF-BP_1_r 5'-CCGCTCGAGGCATGACGTGTCCTGCAC-3'
BP-N215_1_f 5'- GGGAATTCATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3'
BP-N215_1_r 5'-CCGCTCGAGTCCACAGAACTCCAGGGC-3' BP-N150_1_f 5'-GGGAATTCATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' BP-N150_1_r 5'-CCGCTCGAGTAGCTTAAGACTGGATTCTG-3' BP-N99_1_f 5'-GGGAATTCATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' BP-N99_1_r 5'-CCGCTCGAGATTGCCAGCAAAGACACA-3' BP-C91_1_f 5'-AAGGAAAAAAGCGGCCGCCGAATTTTCCTGTGTCTTTGC-3' BP-C91_1_r 5'-CCGCTCGAGGCATGACGTGTCCTGCAC-3' BP-C146_1_f 5'-AAGGAAAAAAGCGGCCGCCTCCAGTCTTAAGCTAGTCAG-3' BP-C146_1_r 5'-CCGCTCGAGGCATGACGTGTCCTGCAC-3' FGF-BP_2_f 5'-CCCAAGCTTATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' FGF-BP_2_r 5'-GCTCTAGATTAGCATGACGTGTCCTGCAC-3' BP-N215_2_f 5'-CCCAAGCTTATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' BP-N215_2_r 5'-GCTCTAGTATATCCACAGAACTCCAGGGC-3' BP-N150_2_f 5'-CCCAAGCTTATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' BP-N150_2_r 5'-GCTCTAGATTATAGCTTAAGACTGGATTCTG-3' BP-N99_2_f 5'-CCCAAGCTTATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' BP-N99_2_r 5'-GCTCTAGATTAATTGCCAGCAAAGACACAG-3' BP-C91_2_f 5'-CCCAAGCTTATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' BP-C91_2_r 5'-GCTCTAGATTAGCATGACGTGTCCTGCAC-3' BP-C146_2_f 5'-CCCAAGCTTATGAAGATCTGTAGCCTCAC-3' BP-C146_2_r 5'-GCTCTAGATTAGCATGACGTGTCCTGCAC-3' FGF-2_1_f 5'-CCCAAGCTTGGCGGACAGAAGAGCG-3' FGF-2_1_r 5'-GGAATTCCGAGCTCTTAGCAGACATTGG-3' FGF-2_2_f 5'-CCCAAGCTTGGCGGACAGAAGAGCG-3' FGF-2_2_r 5'-GCTCTAGATCAGCTCTTAGCAGACATTGG-3' RT-FGFr1_f 5'-CAAGGTCCGTTATGCCACCTG-3' RT-FGFr1_r 5'-CATCACTGCCGGCCTCTCTTC-3' FGFr1_South 5'-CTGCGTCCTCAAAGGAGAC-3' BP_South_1 5'-GGAATTCATGAAAGTGGTCTCAGAACAAAA-3'
BP_South_2 5'-GGAATTCATGTCCAGTCTTAAGCTAGTCAG -3'
Materials and Methods 36
3.1.6 Bacterial cells and Vectors
3.1.7 Tissue culture media and reagents
3.1.8 Cell lines
Name Supplier
Escherichia coli DH5α Gibco BRL
pRc/CMV expression plasmid Invitrogen
Derivative pcDNA 3.1-based plasmid containing CFP
W. Chubanov (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Philipps-University, Marburg) Derivative pcDNA 3.1-based plasmid
containing YFP
W. Chubanov (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Philipps-University, Marburg)
Name Supplier Iscove’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (IMDM) supplemented with glutamine PAA SF 900 II supplemented with glutamine Life Technologies
Fetal calf serum (FCS) PAA
Trypsin/EDTA PAA
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) PAA
Geniticin® (G418 Sulphate) CALBIOCHEM
Cell line Type Source
COS7 Simian fibroblasts cells American type culture collection (ATCC) SW-3 Adrenal carcinoma cell line American type culture collection (ATCC) SKOV-3 Ovarian carcinoma cell line American type culture collection (ATCC) HepG2 Hepatoblastoma cell line American type culture collection (ATCC) SF-9 Insect cells American type culture collection (ATCC)
Materials and Methods 37
3.1.9 Equipment, devices and working materials
3.1.10 Standard solutions, buffers and bacterial growth media
Cell culture freezing medium
DMSO 5% (w/v)
FCS 20% (v/v)
IMDM Ad 100% (v/v)
Name Supplier Adjustable air-displacement pipettes Pipetman® Gilson
Autoclave Varioklav® H+P Labortechnik
Biomax MS films Kodak
Centricon-10 vials Amicon
Centrifuge Biofuge Heraeus
Centrifuge Megafuge 1.0 R Heraeus
Centrifuge Sorvall RC 5B Du Pont
CO2-incubator Hera Cell Heraeus
Confocal laser scanning inverted microscope LSM 510 META Carl Zeiss
Digital Camera Digital Science DC 120 Zoom Kodak
Dounce homogenizer B.Braun
ELISA reader BIO-TEK
Exposition chamber Hypercassette™ Amersham Pharmacia
Hyperfilm ECL Amersham Pharmacia
Incubatior Function Line Heraeus
Laminar flow hood Hera Safe Heraeus
Light microscope Wilovert A Hund
Magnetmixer Variomag® H+P Labortechnik
Microspin column (gel filtration) BIO-RAD
Nitrocellulose membrane Schleicher & Schuell
Nylon membrane (HyBond N) Amersham Pharmacia
PCR machine T3 Thermal cycler Biometra
pH-meter Radiometer
Poly-Prep® Chromatography columns BIO-RAD
Orbital Shaker Forma Scientific
Refrigerator -86C Freezer Forma Scientific
Rotor SS-34 Sorvall
γ-Sintillation counter Packard
Ultracentrifuge L7-55 Beckman
UV-Bank UV Transilluminator 2000 Bio-Rad
Vortex Genie 2 Scientific Industries
XCell II Blot Module NOVEX
Materials and Methods 38
10x PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline)
NaCl 1.5 M
Na2HPO4 52 mM
KH2PO4 17 mM
PBS-T
NaCl 150 mM
Na2HPO4 5.2 mM
KH2PO4 1.7 mM
Tween 20 0.05% (v/v)
10xTBS-T
Tris-HCl 1 M
NaCl 1.5 M
Tween 20 0.5% (v/v)
Denaturating lysis buffer
SDS 4 % (v/v)
2-Mercaptoethanol 40 % (v/v)
Glycerol 20 % (v/v)
Bromphenol blue 0.01 % (w/v)
10x SDS electrophoresis buffer
Tris-HCl 2.9 % (w/v)
Glycine 14.4 % (w/v)
SDS 1 % (w/v)
10x Electrophoresis transfer buffer
Tris-HCl 2.9 % (w/v)
Glycine 14.4 % (w/v)
pH adjusted to 8.5
10x Western blot electrophoresis transfer buffer
Tris-HCl 2.9 % (w/v)
Glycine 14.4 % (w/v)
pH adjusted to 8.5
Stacking gel (4%)
RotiPhorese® Gel 40 (38 % Acrylamid, 2 % Bisacrylamid) 10 % (v/v)
1 M Tris-HCl pH 6,8 12.5 % (v/v)
10% SDS 1 % (v/v)
ddH20 Add 100% (v/v)
Materials and Methods 39
For 4 ml stacking gel (4%):
10 % (w/v) APS 40 µl
TEMED 4 µl
Separating gel (12%)
RotiPhorese® Gel 40 (38 % Acrylamid, 2 % Bisacrylamid) 30 % (v/v)
1 M Tris-HCl pH 8,9 37.5 % (v/v)
10% SDS 1 % (v/v)
ddH20 Add 100% (v/v)
For 12.5 ml separating gel (12%):
10 % (w/v) APS 62.5 µl
TEMED 6.25 µl
Western blot stripping buffer
2-Mercaptoethanol 100 mM
Tris-HCl pH 6.7 2.5 mM
SDS 2% (w/v)
Coomassie blue staining solution
Coomassie blue 0.125% (w/v)
Ethanol 25% (v/v)
Glacial acetic acid 10% (v/v)
Destaining solution
Glacial acetic acid 10% (v/v)
Ethanol 20% (v/v)
Drying solution
Glycerol 7% (v/v)
Methanol 55% (v/v)
Lysis buffer
Guanidinehydrochloride 6 M
Sodium phosphate 0.1 M
Tris-HCl 0.01 M
pH adjusted to 8.0
Elution buffer (Ni-NTA affinity chromatography)
Urea 8 M
Sodium phosphate 0.1 M
Tris-HCl 0.01 M
pH adjusted to 8.0
Materials and Methods 40
10x TAE (Tris/acetate/EDTA) electrophoresis buffer
Tris-HCl 2 M
Glacial acetic acid 1 M
EDTA (pH 8.0) 0.05 M
10 x DNA loading buffer
Glycerol 50% (v/v)
EDTA 0.1 M
SDS 0.1% (w/v)
Bromophenol blue 0.05% (w/v)
Xylene cyanol FF 0.05% (w/v)
Southern blot denaturation solution
NaCl 1.0 M
NaOH 0.5 M
Southern blot neutralization solution
NaCl 1.5 M
Tris-HCl 0.5 M (pH 7.2)
EDTA 1 mM
20× SSC
NaCl 3.0 M
Sodium citrat 0.3 M
50x Denhardt’s reagent
Ficoll 400 1% (w/v)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone 1% (w/v)
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) 1% (w/v)
Southern prehybridization solution
SSC 5x
Denhardt 5x
SDS 0.5%
Add 100µl denaturated salmon sperm (10 mg/ml)/10 ml solution
Hydridization membrane washing solution
SSC 2x
SDS 0.1% (w/v)
Materials and Methods 41
SOB medium
Tryptone 2 % (w/v)
Yeast extract 0.5 % (w/v)
NaCl 10 mM
KCl 2.5 mM
MgCl2 10 mM
MgSO4 10 mM
Medium was prepared and autoclaved without magnesium. Filter sterilized stock solutions of 1 M MgCl2 and 1 M MgSO4 were added directly before use.
Transformation buffer
PIPES 10 mM
Yeast extract 15 mM
CaCl2 10 mM
KCl 250 mM
MnCl2 55 mM
The buffer was made without manganese, pH was adjusted to 6.7 and then MnCl2 was added.
LB Medium
Tryptone 1 % (w/v)
Yeast extract 0.5 % (w/v)
NaCl 1 % (w/v)
pH adjusted to 7.5
LB Plates with ampicilline LB medium
Bacto-Agar 1.5 % (w/v)
Ampicilline 100 µg/ml