and -
-
bounds of the set of accepted simulations (compliant behavior) and A-
bounds of behavior definition (acceptance windows)Above: all generated simulations failed to comply with specified behavior definition.
Below: one trajectory passed the behavior definition windows and will participate in the final analysis.
Figure 12.2 Display of Microsoft Excel charts with longitudinal profiles of BOD-5 generated during the
HSY
procedure12.3 The Application of GIs
For the purpose of the project, the Base Map of Slovakia (in 1 :200000 scale) was digitized by the Water Research Institute (Bratislava) and transformed to appropriate coordinates system.
Geographic coordinates (latitutk, longitude) were used as a coordinate system for the decision support software (section 12.2). All the spatial data are also available in UTM coordinate system (zone 34). The main elements of the river basin were digitized by means of the vector module of the ILWIS software ckveloped by ITC Enschede, the Netherlands. The processing of raw digitized data, the buirchg of topology and linking to databases was performed by the use of PC ARC/INFO (developed by ESRI, U.S.A.). Two types of Windows applications were used for the purpose of presentation of all the data:
MapViewer (Golden Softwane, U.S.A.)
-
the mapping presentation software which is able to create and store attribute maps;ArcView (ESRI, U.S.A.)
-
software developed for the 'user-friendly' presentation of PC ARC/INFO coverages with direct access to attribute tables and the possibility to display an information query.The digital spatial data of the fbllowing elements of the river basin was prepared:
The boundaries of the N k a river basin as a part of the Vih river basin
The boundaries of a p t t i a l catchments which divides the Nitra river basin into its smaller parts
The boundaries of the districts which falls into the Nitra river basin
The detailed river network; the location of settlements with inhabitants above 2000 The location of monitaiqg sites used as a regular (weekly) sampling site
The sources of p o l l d m caused by municipal waste water discharges The sources of pollution caused by industrial waste water discharges The location of the s d k c x water intakes
The location of the grmmdwater intakes The location of the weirs
The location of sampling sites used in June 1993
Each data layer is linked to the table of additional information in database format .DBF (ARC/INFO) or in spreadsheet format .WKI (MapViewer). These layers were presented earlier in Chapter 3.
It is possible to use the terrain information derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Nitra river basin, which is piart of the DEM of Slovakia (grid resolution 100 m) generated by lLWIS raster module. S k MapViewer or ArcView haven't got the ability to handle with raster maps, and raster-veotcr Wansfonnations are memory consuming with poor quality results, the mentioned raster maps are accessible only for presentation purposes in bitmapped format (.BMP). The screen tion 1024*768 pixels with 256 colors is necessary to display all images properly (Figure 12-31.
12.4 Use of the Prototype b i i s i o n Support Software
The user interface of the
PDSS
Gs driven with a series of menu. The main system window is used to display the river network in schematic representation. Additionally any number of overlays can be added to illlustcute other important objects such as rivers, settlements etc (Figure 12.4). The information wecessary to construct the river network for the analysis isstored in the configuration file, which could be loaded via the Filelopen menu selection. After the desired river system is selected and data are processed, the scheme of the river network is rendered and the image can be zoomed or scrolled (Figure 12.4).
Figure 12.3 The digital elevation model of the Nitra River basin.
The model coefficients are modified via the menu selection "Model Coefficients" (Figure 12.5). For calibration, a coefficient can be set to a constant value, or can be varied within a range (Figure 12.5 ). Coefficients can also be set to the literature values.
After the desired model and coefficients are selected, the user can begin the calibration procedure (menu selection "Monte CarlolMonte Carlo simulation for the entire river"). The dialog box contains the controls necessary to set the calibration options such as the margins of uncertainty added to measurements and the acceptance window parameters (Chapter 9). The simulation results are transferred to the Excel table processor via the OLE libraries (Section 12.2). The selected parameters are stored and can be saved with the button
"CalibratiodSave".
Figure 12.4 The main window of the decision suppon system software
After calibration the parameters found can be fixed for the policylscenario analysis (CoefficientISaved button in the parameters dialog, Figure 12.6). The desired scenario can be loaded (Filelopen menu) and optimization for least-cost policy can be performed (Model/Dynarnic Programming). The results are again sent to Microsoft Excel table processor and could be analyzed immediately after the simulation.
The set of menu and dialog controls provides a simple and efficient interface for accessing the simulation, calibration and optimization tools and results. It can be used by a person not skilled in programming. However, for setting up river network data and scenarios, understanding results of simulation and selecting policy options, significant background knowledge and expertise in appropriate fields is required.
Further development of the software is planned to include tools for rendering water quality databases, illustration of water quality conditions on the map, and handling more sophisticated water quality models.
BOD sedimentation rate...
Range
0 Set to value
Menu for selecting the coefficient
@ Variate within range 0 Variatc: scnrc:d
Dialog for setting the coefficient
Figure 12.5 Model coefficients menu.
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