ENTER, DEFINE, INCLUDE, DISPLAY
POSITIONING NOTES ON A GRAPH WITH INCLUDE
A note is an alphanumeric line which is a member or subpart of a graph. In all other respects it is identical to a text. The most common use for notes is the labeling of the X and Y axes of a graph. Using the example page and graph, let us define and include notes to label the axes. Type,
DEFINE a NOTE NX as 'BASE INTEGERS' a DEFINE a NOTE NY as 'SQUARES & CUBES' a
We will now include NX in an appropriate position below the X axis of the graph. Because a note is relative to a graph, the positioning coordinates are expressed as percentages relative to the lower left corner of the graph, rather than relative to the screen or page:
INCLUDE NX in G1 50,-30a
Care must be taken that enough room remains on the screen below the tic mark labels for the note to be printed.
Include NY in an appropriate position to the left of the Y axis. Notice, however, that the note must be positioned vertically:
INCLUDE NY in G1 VERTICALL y at -35,50a /NOTE
I
Care must be taken that enough room remains on the screen to the left of the tic mark label for the note to be printed.
DISPLAY P1a
The page and the graph are displayed with the notes in the specified positions:
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ENTER, DEFINE, INCLUDE, DISPLAY
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Example:
s 3
1000A R E
s
500
&
u c
B 0-+.-...-iP"""'Fl;:;;p,.::;::::;;::::;::::;::~
~
0 5 10BASE INTEGERS
INTERACTIVE GRAPHING AT WORK
The INCLUDE command, as we have seen, can take many forms. A synopsis of these forms is shown below:
[
START ]
[ HORIZONTALLY] with CENTER at X,Y
VERTICALLY END
at X,Y and X,Y INCLUDE Partname in Partname
where X and Y are expressed as a percentage with relation to a larger, inclusive part. Brackets indicate optional elements, depending on context and what is being included. The under-lines indicate the default or initial, setting.
FRAMING A GRAPH
The frame of a graph is simply the completion of a box drawn around the graph. The frame is not named or positioned.
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ENTER, DEFINE, INCLUDE, DISPLAY
To frame in the example graph, G 1, the following sequence would be used:
Example:
s
INCLUDE a FRAME in G1a DISPLAY Pla
3
1000...,...~~~~~~~~A R E
s
500
&
c
u
B 04-...-...,..i;;;~;::::;:::::;::::;:::::~
~ e s
10BASE INTEGERS
INTERACTIVE GRAPHING AT WORK
DISPLAYING SUB-PARTS
Most of the displays used in the example have been by page, and some have been by graph.
You may wish to display only a· part of a page or a graph. Every subpart (member) can be displayed by itself. However, the position it occupies on the screen will not necessarily be the one it will hold when included in a page. You may, for example, display a curve before including it in a graph in order to view its shape. In general, it is more valuable to display by page or graph. Axes cannot be displayed alone.
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ENTER, DEFINE, INCLUDE, DISPLAY
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CONCATENATING COMMANDS
Commands in Interactive Graphing may be concatenated, or joined together, in one line.
The commands must be separated by a semicolon(;).
Example:
INCLUDE G1 in P1; DISPLAY P1
a
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The POSITION command is used to move an already included part relative to the part of which it is a member. It is very like the INCLUDE command. The forms of the command are shown below: indicate optional elements, depending on context; stacked operands indicate that one and only one must be chosen. The underlines indicate the default, or initial, setting.
Using the example page and graph (P1 and G 1) we will move both the text of the page and the graph to demonstrate the use of POSITION. The text (T1) was included at the bottom of the page at percentages coordinates 50,5. Now we wish to center it at the top of the page.
Type,
POSITION T1 at 50,95
The graph was included with lower left corner at 20,20 and upper right corner at 50,50.
Now we wish to move the graph to the upper right quadrant of the page. Type, POSITION G1 at 55,50 and 95,90a
DISPLAY P1a
The page with repositioned text and graph is displayed:
Example:
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INTERACTIVE GRAPHING AT WORK
s
QPOSITION
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CREATING ANOTHER GRAPH ON A PAGE
Suppose we desire to include another graph on the example page (Pl). This graph will show the number of personnel required and the available manpower resources for a project over a thirty week period. The following sequence of commands will create and position the graph:
DEFINE a GRAPH called PROJECT
ENTER TIME, PEOPLE: 1,1 2,2 3,2 4,2 5,4 6,3 7,4 8,6 9,7 10,9a 11,8 12,9 13,10 14,10 15,8 16,9 17,8 18,7 19,9 20,8 21,aa
22,7 23,6 24,4 25,5 26,4 27,4 28,3 29,3 30,3a DEFINE a CURVE called REQUIRED as TIME,PEOPLEa INCLUDE REQUIRED in PROJECT a
DEFINE a NOTE NTIME as 'WEEKS- 1975'a DEFINE a NOTE NPERS as 'PERSONNEL' a INCLUDE NTIME in PROJECT at 50,-30a INCLUDE NPERS VERTICALLY at -25,50a INCLUDE PROJECT in P1at15,15 45,45a DISPLAY P1a
The graph Project is displayed.
Example:
INTERACTIVE GRAPHING AT WORK
s
1000-.---~USING INTERACTIVE GRAPHING
ENTER AVAILABLE: 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 7 7 7 7 6 6 7 7 7 7a s s s s 4 4 3 3 3 3a
DEFINE a CURVE called RESOURCE as TIME, AVAILABLEa INCLUDE RESOURCE in PROJECT a
ERASE; DISPLAY P1a
In the ENTER command above no commas were used between data values. This is because either a comma or a space is sufficient to delimit data values.
The page is displayed showing both graphs and their sub-parts.
Example:
INTERACTIVE GRAPHING AT WORK
10 20
POSITION
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LIST
Once a part has been given a name and been defined, it cannot be redefined. It can how-ever, be deleted and defined again. The LIST command allows you to see what partnames have already been defined. You can list all the partnames in use with the following command:
LIST Alla
You can list the members of a part by specifying the part:
PAGE
USING INTERACTIVE GRAPHING
You can list all the names of a specified part in current use:
LIST ALL PAGEa LIST ALL PART a
The last use of LIST allows you to determine which partname is the current context. How-ever, when the context is in doubt, you should always specify a part by its name to ensure complete accuracy.
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POSITION
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SET
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The SET command applies only to graphs and their members. The command affects the axes of the graph and the individual curves included in the graph. By means of the SET com-mand you have the capability of adding the touches to graphs that make them individually distinct, truly informative, and visually appealing. The context dependency of Interactive Graphing makes the SET command easy and efficient to use.
DEFINITIONS OF SET PARAMETERS
Set allows you to adjust the values of axis and curve parameters. Premissable parameters are:
AXIS MAJOR TIC FORM AXIS MINOR TIC FORM AXIS MAJOR TIC NUMBER AXIS MINOR TIC NUMBER AXIS DENSITY
AXIS TRANSFORMATION AXIS LABEL TYPE
AXIS LABEL WIDTH AXIS RANGE MINIMUM AXIS RANGE MAXIMUM AXIS EXPONENT TYPE AXIS LOCATION
CURVE LINE FREQUENCY CURVE LINE STYLE CURVE LINE SIZE CURVE SYMBOL STYLE CURVE SYMBOL FREQUENCY CURVE SYMBOL SIZE
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SET
The relationship of these parameters is shown in the following chart:
PARTS SET PARAMETERS
MODEL
SET
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The value of a parameter is the number to which it is set. For example, if the value of a curve symbol style is 5, the symbol drawn at each data point on the curve is a star.
Definitions of the permissable parameters are listed below:
AXIS MAJOR TIC FORM - AXIS MINOR TIC FORM
The major or minor tic mark form of either axis may be set to one of the following. The standard major tic form is type 2; the standard minor tic form is also type 2.
TIC MARK FORM
Valid values are numbers 1 through 6 as shown on the chart below. Types 5 and 6 include grid lines.
Results
Code
No Tics
2 3
Example: The major tics on the Y axis are set to 5.
0
a s
4 5 6
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AXIS MAJOR TIC NUMBER - AXIS MINOR TIC NUMBER
By setting this parameter you can specify the exact number of major or minor tic mark intervals for either the X or Y axis or both axes.
AXIS DENSITY
The major tic mark density may be set for either axis according to the following table. Un-less you reset it, the tic mark density is 8 for both axes.
Sparse Dense
l
TIC MARK DENSITY TABLE No Minor Tics
1 2 3 4 5
With Minor Tics 6 7 8 9 10
If the number of tic marks is set, the density setting will have no effect.
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SET
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SET
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AXIS TRANSFORMATION
Axis transformation determines the scaling represented by each tic mark. The normal trans-formation is linear for each axis; that is, there is a regular distance represented by each tic mark. However, Interactive Graphing allows you to specify logarithmic scaling for either axis or both axes. A variety of cal'endar scalings are also available (see the Advanced Usage section of the manual). The following table shows the transformation types.
TRANSFORMATION TYPES CODE VALUE
Example:
1
2 or LOG 3
4 5 6 7 8
TYPE
Normal (Linear). Default setting Logarithmic (Ratio) Scale Days
Weeks Periods Months Quarters Years
1975
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AXIS LABEL TYPE
The label type may be set for tic marks on each axis. It will normally correspond to the transformation type; however, you may wish to vary label type and transformation type, particularly for calendar data. For example, the transformation type may be set to 4 (weeks), but the label type may reflect 6 (months). The label types are shown in the following table:
LABEL TYPES Matches transformation type. Default setting Logarithmic
SET
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AXIS LABEL WIDTH
You can specify the number of characters that will appear in a tic mark label. For example, suppose the axis label type is set to 6 (months), but you wish to see only the first three letters of each month on the graph (Jan., Feb, Mar, Apr, etc). You would simply set the axis label width to 3.
Example:
JUN JUl. AUG SEP OCT
1975
AXIS RANGE MINIMUM - AXIS RANGE MAXIMUM
Interactive Graphing automatically sets the ranges, minimum and maximum, for each axis to suit the data range. You can reset the range in order to suit the data or to examine a part of the data (as in a zoom-effect). The minimum and maximum must be set in separate com-mands. However, the range set by a user may be overridden by Interactive Graphing to en-sure an optimum tic interval.
AXIS EXPONENT
Setting the axis exponent type specifies the type of remote exponent label to be used on the appropriate axis. The remote exponent will appear at the center of the X axis set out slightly farther than the individual tic mark labels, or contered above the Y axis. The various types of exponents available and their code values are described in the following table:
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Example:
VALUE 1 2 3 4
e.e
0.a
RESULTING TYPE 10n. The default setting
M, MM's, etc. ( 1 M per thousand) Printed words, e.g., HUNDREDS
10 ... 0 (1 plus appropriate number of O)
e.<1 0.6 HUNDRED THOUSANDS
If the label type is logarithmic, this variable specifies the form of the major tic mark labels.
No remote exponents are formed for logarithmic axes.
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SET
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SET
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AXIS LOCATION
The axes of a graph are normally located at the left and bottom. You may, however, wish to move either or both of these axes. You can set the axis location to do this. The axis will be relocated according to the specified percentage relative to the size of the graph, right-left, or up-down. All other member parts of the graph will remain constant.
SET Yaxisname LOCATION TO 100 This command moves the Y-axis all the way to the right.
Example:
4
2
0
-2
-4
....-~....-~....-~....----...----...----...----...---...----...---i--6
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
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CURVE LINE FREQUENCY
Normally, a curve consists of lines drawn from each data point to the next; in this case then the curve line frequency is 1. You can, however, set the line frequency so that the lines of the curve are drawn between every other set of data points; in this case the line frequency should be set to 2. A line frequency of 3 causes lines to be drawn between every third set of data points, and so on. This feature may be especially useful for example, when you have a large number of data points.
Example:
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
The dotted line indicates curve line frequency of 2.
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SET
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SET
CURVE LINE STYLE
In order to distinguish between curves on a graph, you can specify a wide range of dashed line types, point plot, or vertical or horizontal bars. See the Reference section for information on both hardware and software dash types. The line style values are shown in the table
below:
LINE STYLE SPECIFICATION
An example of the use of VBAR (a vertical bar line style) can be seen in the subsection Using the SET Command.
CURVE LINE SIZE
This parameter applies only to curves with line styles of VBAR or HBAR (that is, either vertical or horizontal bar, respectively). The bars are set to a width such that they touch.
You can modify the width, however. Assume that the preset width is 100%. The width can be narrowed by specifying a percentage smaller than 100.
Example:
SET CURVE LINE SIZE TO 50
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